scholarly journals Preparation / Allocation / Habituation: The Holistic Approach to Migrant Exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Xypolytas
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Organization Of Work

The article establishes a theoretical approach to migrant exclusion based on recent research and focuses on the importance of the experience and organization of work. The holistic approach recognizes three importantstages in the process of exclusion: i) the preparation of future migrants in the country of origin through the integration and cultural acclimatization to casual and low-status work, ii) the allocation of migrant workers in low-status jobs in the host countries and iii) the habituation of migrantworkers to the characteristics and demands of their work which leads to the reproduction of their social position.

The refugee crisis as a preparation stage for future exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 637-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Xypolytas
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Of Greece

Purpose Using the holistic approach to migrant exclusion, the purpose of this paper is to examine the refugee crisis as a preparation stage for future exclusion in the host countries. In previous migration analyses, the preparation stage involved only the country of origin, where people were becoming acclimatized to casual and low-status work and an ethos of survival. In the refugee crisis, this important stage spans across three spaces: the country of origin, Turkey as an intermediate stage and the hotspots of Greece. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative research that was based on 22 semi-structured interviews with refugees from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan who live in the hotspot of Moria which is situated in Lesvos, Greece. Findings The research shows that in the first two countries of the preparation stage, refugees have become accustomed to casual and low-status jobs, which results in the loss of their labor identity and the development of instrumental work orientations. Similarly, the living conditions at the hotspots are so problematic that refugees are becoming desperate to escape this environment. These can have serious consequences for integration in the host countries, as refugees become pacified and at the same time strongly inclined to enter casual and low-status employment. Both developments can drastically undermine the refugees’ relation to the societies of the host countries. Originality/value The paper suggests that, given the preparation stage in these three settings, migration policy in the host countries should focus on recognizing long marginalization processes, immediately decongesting the hotspots and pay particular emphasis on the acknowledgment or creation of skills that can distance refugees from casual and low-status work.

Diaspora: Dislocation, Development and Drawback

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Baburam Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Contribution

This study focuses on painful feelings and bitter experiences of diasporas while they are living in the host land. It stresses on their efforts to maintain connections with people in their homeland. Besides, the research talks about diasporas' attempt to assimilate, acculturate and integrate in the host countries in their dislocated and un-homely state. The study also explores the changing attitude of intellectuals, writers, journalists and politicians of host countries towards diasporas, that they have recognized diasporas' positive culture and economic contribution to host societies. Gradually and cautiously host societies and their governments accept diaspora members' affiliations as legitimate and sought for their permanence. Moreover, in some host countries, and in liberal circles, membership of such entities has been regarded as exciting and advantageous but not as an obstacle. Yet, the migrants constantly face criticisms and detriments. They establish networks back in their country of origin and try to influence homeland's politics and sometimes support the violent activities. On top of that, the continued migration and increase in remittances encourage chain of migration and brain drain, and create instability in homeland economy.

Remittance Behavior among Salvadoran and Filipino Immigrants in Los Angeles

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Menjívar ◽  
Julie DaVanzo ◽  
Lisa Greenwell ◽  
R. Burciaga Valdez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Remittance Behavior

This article analyzes the factors that influence remittance behavior (the decision to remit and the amount sent) in the host country of Filipino and Salvadoran immigrants, two groups with high rates of U.S.-bound migration and of remittances. Data for this study come from a multipurpose survey fielded in Los Angeles in 1991 and are analyzed using logistic regressions and OLS. Individual characteristics and financial ability to remit, motivation to migrate, personal investments in the United States, and family obligations in the home and in the host countries are hypothesized to affect remittance behavior. No differences by country of origin in the proportion who send remittances were found, but there were significant differences in the amount remitted. Some variables affect the two country-of-origin groups differently. The size of remittances sent by Salvadorans tends to be relatively insensitive to their characteristics compared with Filipinos. Filipinos’ remittances are more affected by age, family income, having taken English classes in the United States, and living alone than are the remittances of Salvadorans. For both groups, the most consistent factors affecting remittances are family income and the place of residence of close family members.

scholarly journals Insights into the Use of Social Comparison in Migrants’ Transnational Social Positioning Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inka Stock
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Social Positioning ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Political Actions

This article discusses the role of social comparisons in the processes through which migrants make sense of their own social position from a transnational perspective. Migrants are often involved in transnational forms of life which influence their forms of belonging, their economic strategies, their moral values and their political actions. There is also evidence to suggest that migrants use transnational frames of reference to evaluate their social positioning within their origin and host countries. In this article, we offer a methodological approach to the study of social positions in transnational spaces which aims to account for the interplay between the markers of objectively verifiable social positions and their subjective assessment by migrants. Concretely, we focus on social comparison as a mechanism for symbolic boundary drawing processes, which help migrants to make sense of their (often differing) social positions within host and origin countries. Social comparisons help migrants to evaluate how they are seen and positioned by others and subsequently bring these assessments into line with their own social categories and evaluations of their social position in different places. These findings highlight the importance of social comparisons as a tool to investigate the interaction between social and spatial mobility.

scholarly journals Post-Soviet diasporas in the age of the internet

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-447
Author(s):  
Efim I. Pivovar ◽  
Vitaly F. Ershov ◽  
Maria V. Katagoshchina
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of recent developments in the diasporas of post-Soviet nationalities during the early 21st century. Its authors argue that new information technologies have a major impact on the creation of identities in diasporas, their interaction with the host countries and the historical homeland, as well as the social adaptation of migrants. Focusing on the evolution of expatriate communities in Russia and its Near Abroad, they point out that these diasporas use the Internet to promote common historical, cultural and civilizational values. The article goes on to analyze the information policies of ethnic and cultural organizations, the integration of intellectual elites of post-Soviet diasporas into scientific and educational institutions, the impact of digital technologies on the business activity of diasporas, the daily life of migrant workers, as well as the participation of diasporas in international culture and public diplomacy. The authors conclude that modern means of communicating information have created a fundamentally new environment for migration flows and the creation of diasporas in the post-Soviet space and around the world. Today, this trend plays an important role in economic and cultural integration and social development of Eurasia.

scholarly journals A Critical Anti-Racist Interrogation of Voluntary/Forced Repatriation Theory: The Intersections of African Refugees’ Dilemma

Refuge ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MacDonald E. Ighodaro
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
African Refugees ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The author examines the historical/theoretical voluntary repatriation framework, which asserts that refugees should only repatriate to their country of origin on a voluntary basis when the socio-political and ethnic situation that initiated their problem comes to an end. This theory articulates durable protection and resettlement initiatives for refugees in general. Also, the above theory is contrasted with the present re-articulated forced repatriation theories, which state that refugees should repatriate to unsafe conditions in their country of origin. Furthermore, the study interrogates the intersectionality of African refugees’ dilemma and the apprehensions of refugees’ host countries, and conceptualizes the specific ideology that legitimizes the forced repatriation of refugees, and the impacts of accepting the emerging theory using a critical anti-racist framework.

scholarly journals International Advertising Strategy In New Asia: A Country-Of-Origin Approach On Standardization Vs. Customization

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Meng ◽  
Venkatapparao Mummalaneni
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Self Image ◽  
International Advertising ◽  
Product Image

This study revisited the debate concerning standardization vs. customization of the international advertising strategy from a Country-of-Origin (COO) approach. The objective here is to compare the perceptions of the exporting country and its products from the vantage point of different host countries, and to compare exporting countrys self-image with the perceived images prevailing in the host countries. Further, the study also examines the images of search products and experience products across different countries. Through analyzing survey data collected from 189 Americans, 238 Chinese, and 236 Japanese consumers, we found that different host countries have significantly different perceptions of the same exporting country. Moreover, exporting countrys self-image also largely varies from the host countrys perception of the exporting country. Finally, differences in product image were found both for search and experience products. Therefore, customized advertising strategy is suggested in the New Asia, especially in the countries studied.

scholarly journals Support networks in the Middle East & Malaysia: A qualitative study of Nepali returnee migrants' experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Adhikary ◽  
E. Teijlingen
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
East Malaysia ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: There is growing research on Nepali migrant workers, especially on living conditions and occupational health and safety abroad. However, few studied support networks for migrant labourers. Objective of this study is to explore social support and support networks among Nepali migrant workers in the Middle East and Malaysia. Methodology: Study among Nepali men working in the Middle East and Malaysia. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted and the interviewees were mixed in terms of age, marital status, education, ethnic background and length of stay. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: The participants found that having (pre-)existing circles of friends in the host countries makes migration easier to migrate, and made their lives easier when establishing themselves abroad. Conclusion: The assimilation of migrant workers appears to be easier among those who have existing networks in their place of migration. Social Capital Theory helps explain the importance of these networks.

Indian Migrant Organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Rakesh Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Transnational Organizations ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Migrant Organizations

The Indian diaspora is increasingly engaging with the homeland by forming a range of migrant organizations—organizations constituting a growing sector of non-State actors who engage with the host country and the country of origin in a sustained and profound way. Research on migrant organizations tends to focus only transnational migrant organizations in host countries. Indian Migrant Organizations analyses a set of local and transnational organizations formed by Indian migrants, whose activities include mobilizing resources and connections and engaging in numerous development initiatives in India, and studies their engagement particularly in the Indian healthcare and education sectors. In particular, the book discusses how these organizations have evolved, what kind of healthcare and educational projects and activities they are carrying out, and how such collective efforts are affecting development dynamics in India.

Ethique, pratique religieuse et socialisation des fils d'immigrés italiens en Belgique

1979 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Felice Dassetto ◽  
Albert Bastenier
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Italian Immigrants ◽  
Social Marginality ◽  
Moral Convictions

This article presents an analysis of the religious practices and moral convictions of a group of sons of Italian immigrants in Belgium. The authors try to catch the meaning of these practices and convictions in so far as these are part of a process of socialization. How do the people involved try to use these practices and convictions as a means of finding their way out of the social marginality which they are confined to, being sons of im migrant workers ? This analysis shows in how far social conformity or non conformity in the religious and moral field can correspond to strategies built up according to the social position of the people involved.

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