scholarly journals Level of Mycobacteria in Pre-Treatment Sputum and Susceptibility of M. tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Patients with non-Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis AFB (+) and Factors Influencing MGIT Results after the First 8 Weeks of Anti-Tuberculosi

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Dinh Dong ◽  
Nguyen Kim Cuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Hong ◽  
Nguyen Van Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respir Crit ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
First Line ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
Pre Treatment

Vietnam is among 30 high TB ​​burden countries even though the Vietnam National TB Program has made great efforts to detect and treat tuberculosis. Objectives: Assessment of Mycobacterial level in sputum before treatment, and susceptibility to the first line anti-TB drugs of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from TB patients with AFB (+) and non-multidrug-resistant. Moreover, factors influencing MGIT outcome after the first 8 weeks of first-line anti-TB drugs therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was also analysed. Methodology: An observational, analytical study was performed in 128 patients with non-multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis AFB (+) for evaluating the level of Mycobacteria in sputum before treatment by smear microscopy method; the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolated from sputum of the patient was analysed by Lowenstein - Jensen method. Factors affecting positive MGIT results after 2 months of treatment were determined by multivariate logistics regression. Results: The patients had AFB 3+ were 28% in new cases and 24,5% retreatment patients. The rate of M. tuberculosis strains was susceptible to the first line anti-TB drugs in new cases was higher than retreatment patients. The percentage of any anti-TB drug resistance in retreatment tuberculosis was 59,6%, higher than that of new case TB (23,6%). There was high rate of M. tuberculosis strains resistant to Streptomycin and Isoniazid (12,5% and 16,8% for new cases; 42,3% and 36,5% for retreatment cases, respectively). Large radiographic chest lesions and high AFB levels in pre-treatment sputum were factors associated with a positive MGIT result after the first 8 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Most of TB patients had high level of Mycobacteria in sputum samples collected before treatment. The percentage of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from sputum of pulmonary non MDR-TB patients had any anti-TB drug resistance were high. High Mycobacteria level in pre-treatment sputum and radiographic chest lesions related to positive MGIT result after the first 8 weeks of treatment. Keywords Pulmonary tuberculosis, first-line anti-TB drugs, anti-TB drug resistance, susceptibility, M. tuberculosis. References [1] World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Tuberculosis profiles: Viet Nam (2020) Available: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/tb_profiles/?_inputs_&entity_type=%22country%22&lan=%22EN%22&iso2=%22VN%22 (accessed 10 April 2020).[2] L.T. Luyen, N.V. Hung, Methods for Diagnosis in Tuberculosis, in Le Thi Luyen (Ed), Tuberculosis - Textbook for General Medical Students. Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, 2020, pp: 47-69 (in Vietnamese).[3] Ministry of Health - National Tuberculosis Programme Guideline for Standard Operating Procedures of Microbiology Laboratory Methods for Mycobacteria. Vietnam National Tuberculosis Programme, Hanoi (2013) (in Vietnamese).[4] Ministry of Health (2018) Guideline for Management, Diagnosis and Treatment for Tuberculosis. (in Vietnamese) Available: https://kcb.vn/vanban/quyet-dinh-so-3216-qd-byt-ngay-23-5-2018-ve-viec-ban-hanh-huong-dan-chan-doan-dieu-tri-va-du-phong-benh-lao (Accessed 12 January 2019)[5] A.P. Ralph, M. Ardian, A. Wiguna et al. A simple, valid, numerical score for grading chest x-ray severity in adult smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorax 2010 Oct;65(10):863-869. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2010.136242[6] C.T. Minh, L.T. Luyen, N.T.L. Huong et al. Plasma concentration of anti-tubeculosis drugs in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, who treatment in National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Hospital 2008 Journal of Practical Medicine 651(2009) 50-53 (in Vietnamese).[7] N.V. Nhung, N.B. Hoa, D.N. Sy, C.M. Hennig, A.S. Dean (2015) The fourth national anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Viet Nam. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. Jun 2015 19(6) 670-675. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0785[8] N.T. Hang, S. Maeda, L.T. Lien, et al. Primary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Hanoi, Viet Nam: present status and risk factors. PloS one 8(8) (2013) e71867. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071867[9] R. Hafner, J.A. Cohn, D.J. Wright, et al. Early bactericidal activity of isoniazid in pulmonary tuberculosis. Optimization of methodology. The DATRI 008 Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156 (1997) 918–923. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.156.3.9612016[10] A. Jindani, V.R. Aber, E.A. Edwards, D.A. Mitchison. The early bactericidal activity of drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 121(1980)(6) 939-949. Available: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/arrd.1980.121.6.939 (Accessed 12 January 2019).[11] H.L. Rieder. Intervention for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination. International Union of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France, 2002.

scholarly journals FIRST LINE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS CORRELATE WITH ACID FAST BACILLI MICROSCOPY GRADING

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽  
Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽  
Titiek Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Spearman Test

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global public health crisis. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) gradation in sputum examination is an important component in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring. Previously treated pulmonary TB patients with a higher AFB smear gradation may have higher rates of acquired resistance. Patients with a higher AFB grade indicate a higher bacillary load and had higher rates of acquired resistance. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between AFB gradation and first-line anti-TB drug resistance patterns in MDR pulmonary TB patients. This was a retrospective study conducted from August 2009 to April 2018 in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Sputum samples were taken from MDR PTB patients. Sputum smear examination was done using Ziehl–Neelsen staining and gradation was measured according to IUATLD criteria. Samples with positive smear were evaluated for resistance patterns based on culture and resistance tests using the MGIT 960 BACTEC System. There were 433 sputum samples with AFB positive collected from MDR PTB patients. Resistance to RHES was found in 22 (14%) AFB +1, 19 (15%) AFB +2, and 29 (20%) AFB +3. Resistance to RHS was found in 22 (14%) AFB +1, 12 (9%) AFB +2, and 13 (9%) AFB +3. Resistance to RHE was found in 39 (25%) AFB +1, 38 (29%) AFB +2, and 35 (24%) AFB +3. Resistance to RH was found in 74 (47%) AFB +1, 61 (47%) AFB +2, and 69 (47%) AFB +3. Statistic analysis by Spearman test showed that there was no significant correlation between AFB gradation and first-line anti-TB drug resistance patterns. Acquired resistance to RHES can also found in lower bacillary load AFB +1.

scholarly journals Rifampicin and isoniazid drug resistance among patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in southwestern Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259221
Author(s):  
Lisa Nkatha Micheni ◽  
Kennedy Kassaza ◽  
Hellen Kinyi ◽  
Ibrahim Ntulume ◽  
Joel Bazira
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Southwestern Uganda

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major threat to the control of tuberculosis globally. Uganda is among the countries with a relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis despite significant control efforts. In this study, the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) was investigated among patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Southwestern Uganda. A total of 283 sputum samples (266 from newly diagnosed and 17 from previously treated patients), collected between May 2018 and April 2019 at four different TB diagnostic centres, were assessed for RIF and INH resistance using high-resolution melt curve analysis. The overall prevalence of monoresistance to INH and RIF was 8.5% and 11% respectively, while the prevalence of MDR-TB was 6.7%. Bivariate analysis showed that patients aged 25 to 44 years were at a higher risk of developing MDR-TB (cOR 0.253). Furthermore, among the newly diagnosed patients, the prevalence of monoresistance to INH, RIF and MDR-TB was 8.6%, 10.2% and 6.4% respectively; while among the previously treated cases, these prevalence rates were 5.9%, 23.5% and 11.8%. These rates are higher than those reported previously indicating a rise in MTB drug resistance and may call for measures used to prevent a further rise in drug resistance. There is also a need to conduct frequent drug resistance surveys, to monitor and curtail the development and spread of drug-resistant TB.

scholarly journals Resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perpetual Wangui Ndung'u ◽  
Samuel Kariuki ◽  
Zipporah Ng'ang'a ◽  
Gunturu Revathi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Introduction: In Kenya, which ranks thirteenth of 27 high tuberculosis burden countries, diagnosis is based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining alone and patients are treated without information on sensitivity patterns. This study aimed to determine resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary samples.Methodology: Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi were randomly sampled after informed consent and recruited into the study using a structured questionnaire. Specimens were cultured in liquid and solid media, and drug susceptibility tests were performed for first-line drugs including (isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide). Results: Eighty-six (30%) of 286 isolates were resistant to at least one of five antibiotics tested. Thirty-seven (30.2%) isolates were resistant to isoniazid; 15 (11.6%) to streptomycin; 13 (4.5%) to ethambutol; four (1.4%) to rifampin ; and 30 (10.4%) to pyrazinamide. Double resistance was seen as follows: four (1.4%) isolates were resistant to both isoniazid and pyrazinamide; four (1.4%) to streptomycin and isoniazid; and one (0.3%) to rifampin and streptomycin. Two isolates (0.7%) were multidrug resistant, and one was triple resistant with an additional resistance to ethambutol. Results also showed 88.7% of patients were below the age of 40 years, while 26.3% were HIV positive. The majority of the patients (66.5%) were unemployed or self-employed in small businesses, with 79.4% earning less than 100 USD per month.Conclusion: The high resistance observed in isoniazid, which is a first-line drug, could result in an increase in multidrug resistance unless control programs are strengthened. Poverty should be addressed to reduce infection rates.

Drug-resistant genital tuberculosis of the penis in a human immunodeficiency virus non-reactive individual

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Baveja ◽  
Gumma Vidyanidhi ◽  
Manisha Jain ◽  
Trishla Kumari ◽  
V. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Superficial Ulcer

The genitourinary tract is the most common site for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Penile TB is extremely rare comprising less than 1 % of all genital TB cases in males. It most commonly presents either as a superficial ulcer on the glans or around the corona. Diagnosis of penile TB is often difficult because it can mimic numerous other diseases. The association of TB with AIDS, and the increasing incidence of multiple drug resistance has further compounded the problem. The case described herein involves a patient with multidrug-resistant smear-positive penile TB that was undiagnosed initially due to the lack of clinical suspicion of TB, and once diagnosed failed to respond to first line antitubercular drugs because of multiple drug resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance among Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 3170-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Xiaohong Gui ◽  
Kathryn DeRiemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Line Drug

ABSTRACT We determined the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among the isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 605 pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shanghai, China. Mutations in gyrA were found in 81.5% of phenotypically fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates and were used as a molecular marker of fluoroquinolone resistance. gyrA mutations were detected in 1.9% of strains pan-susceptible to first-line drugs and 25.1% of multidrug-resistant strains. Fluoroquinolone resistance was independently associated with resistance to at least one first-line drug and prior tuberculosis treatment.

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