Drug-resistant genital tuberculosis of the penis in a human immunodeficiency virus non-reactive individual

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Baveja ◽  
Gumma Vidyanidhi ◽  
Manisha Jain ◽  
Trishla Kumari ◽  
V. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Superficial Ulcer

The genitourinary tract is the most common site for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Penile TB is extremely rare comprising less than 1 % of all genital TB cases in males. It most commonly presents either as a superficial ulcer on the glans or around the corona. Diagnosis of penile TB is often difficult because it can mimic numerous other diseases. The association of TB with AIDS, and the increasing incidence of multiple drug resistance has further compounded the problem. The case described herein involves a patient with multidrug-resistant smear-positive penile TB that was undiagnosed initially due to the lack of clinical suspicion of TB, and once diagnosed failed to respond to first line antitubercular drugs because of multiple drug resistance.

scholarly journals Multiple Mechanisms Synergistically Induce Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Multiple Drug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Yang ◽  
Fangyan Jiao ◽  
Ousman Bajinka ◽  
Khalid A Abdelhalim ◽  
Guojun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: This study was designed to detect the molecular epidemiological characteristics and resistant mechanism of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) which provide reference for the prevention and treatment of hospital CRPA infection. Methods: 34 strains of CRPA from 2018 to 2019 were isolated and their resistance to 13 commonly used antibiotics was detected using TDR-300B Plus VitEK-2 compact automatic bacterial identification instrument. Then carbapenemase production was detected using Carbe NP test. The efflux pumps MexA and outer membrane protein OprD proteins were detected using RT-PCR and class Ⅰ integron carried with drug-resistant genes were detected using PCR and sequences analysis. Results: Among 34 strains of CRPA, 22 strains were multiple drug resistance (MDR) and 5 strains were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The results of class Ⅰ integron carried drug-resistant gene sequencing analysis showed the class Ⅰ integron mainly carried aminoglycoside or quinolone antibacterial drug resistant genes. Conclusion: Multiple mechanisms play an important role in the formation and development of MDR or XDR resistance.

The antiproliferative activity of ferrocene derivatives against drug-resistant cancer cell lines: A mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Jian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Ferrocene Derivatives ◽  
Preclinical Trial

: Cancer, a highly heterogeneous disease at intra/inter patient levels, remains a serious health problem contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite great progress in clinical treatment, the concerns impeding the success of conventional cancer chemotherapy is descending efficacy of anticancer agents due to the development of drug resistance especially multiple drug resistance (MDR). Ferrocene derivatives have a different mode of action to the platinum anticancer drugs, and the ferrocene-phenol hybrid ferrocifen exhibits potential activity against drug-resistant cancers. Currently, ferrocifen is in preclinical trial, demonstrating that ferrocene derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer candidates which are active against drug-resistant cancers. In the present review, the current scenario of ferrocene derivatives including ferrocene metal complexes, hybrids and other derivatives with antiproliferative potential against drug-resistant cancer cell lines is summarized for further rational design.

scholarly journals Augmentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype E (CRF01_AE) Multiple-Drug Resistance by Insertion of a Foreign 11-Amino-Acid Fragment into the Reverse Transcriptase

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 5604-5613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Sato ◽  
Yasuhiro Tomita ◽  
Kazuyoshi Ebisawa ◽  
Atsuko Hachiya ◽  
Kayo Shibamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Insertion Mutation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype E (CRF01_AE) variant (99JP-NH3-II) possessing an in-frame 33-nucleotide insertion mutation in the β3-β4 loop coding region of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene was isolated from a patient who had not responded to nucleoside analogue RT inhibitors. This virus exhibited an extremely high level of multiple nucleoside analog resistance (MNR). Neighbor-joining tree analysis of thepol sequences indicated that the 99JP-NH3-II variant had originated from the swarm of drug-sensitive predecessors in the patient. Population-based sequence analyses of 82 independently cloned RT segments from the patient suggested that the variants with the insertion, three or four 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine resistance mutations, and a T69I mutation in combination had strong selective advantages during chemotherapy. Consistently, in vitro mutagenesis of a drug-sensitive predecessor virus clone demonstrated that this mutation set functions cooperatively to confer a high level of MNR without deleterious effects on viral replication capability. Homology modeling of the parental RT and its MNR mutant showed that extension of the β3-β4 loop by an insertion caused reductions in the distances between the loop and the other subdomains, narrowing the template-primer binding cleft and deoxynucleoside triphosphate-binding pocket in a highly flexible manner. The origin of the insert is elusive, as every effort to find a homologue has been unsuccessful. Taken together, these data suggest that (i) HIV-1 tolerates in vivo insertions as long as 33 nucleotides into the highly conserved enzyme gene to survive multiple anti-HIV-1 inhibitors and (ii) the insertion mutation augments multiple-drug resistance, possibly by reducing the biochemical inaccuracy of substrate-enzyme interactions in the active center.

scholarly journals Interactions between the gene products of pma1 encoding plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, and pdr1 controlling multiple drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ułaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
In Trans

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the pma1 mutations controlling the vanadate resistance of the H(+)-ATPase activity from the plasma membrane, map on chromosome VII in the vicinity of pdr1 mutations controlling multiple drug resistance. However, the pma1-1 mutants exhibit a genotype and a multidrug resistant phenotype quite different from those obtained for pdr1 mutants. Quantitative modifications of cycloheximide and N,N'-(p-xylylidene)-bis-aminoguanidine-2HCl resistance are observed in diploids containing the pma1 and pdr1 genes in trans configuration. Each of the pdr1 mutations interacts with pma1 as shown by a decrease in the ATPase activity in pdr1/pma1 diploids. The in vitro resistance of ATPase activity to vanadate is totally or partially suppressed in pdr1 mutants in haploid double mutants. These results suggest that the expression of PMA1 might be controlled by the PDR1 gene product.

scholarly journals Multiple drug resistance in bacterial isolates from liquid wastes generated in central hospitals of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Sharma ◽  
B Pradhan ◽  
SK Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Liquid Wastes

Background: Healthcare liquid wastes are the reservoirs of harmful infectious agents such as the pathogens and multiple drug resistant microorganisms. Potential infectious risks include the spread of infectious diseases and microbial resistance from health-care establishments into the environment and thereby posing risks of getting infections and antibiotic resistance in the communities. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the bacterial load of healthcare liquid waste generated in central hospitals and to explore the antimicrobial resistance pattern of these bacterial isolates. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 10 conveniently selected central hospitals of Nepal during the period of May to December 2008. Effluent specimens from each hospital were subjected to total viable count studies by spread plate method in nutrient agar plate and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C using standard laboratory protocol. Similarly, all the specimens were cultured in Mac Conkey Agar media supplemented with 30 μg/ml of Chloramphenicol and 20 μg/ml of Gentamycin for the enumeration of multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, which were further subjected to in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique for resistance patterns. Results: Total viable counts of hospital effluents significantly exceeded the standard heterotrophic plate count (p=0.000). Similarly, the numbers of multiple drug resistant bacteria were alarmingly high in three (more than 30% in 2 and 50% in 1) hospitals of this study. Drug resistant hospital effluent isolates showed simultaneous resistance for most of the antibiotics including Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Cotrimoxazole, Gentamycin and Quinolones. Conclusion: Healthcare liquid wastes were laden with MDR bacteria and seemed to pose a huge public health threat in the transfer of such resistance to the bacterial pathogens causing community acquired infections, thereby limiting our antibiotic pool. Key words: Healthcare liquid waste management; viable count; multiple drug resistance; hospitals; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i1.3220 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 1, Issue 29, 40-44

scholarly journals Plasmid Analysis and Curing of Multidrug Resistant of Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Ulcer Patients in Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. K. Onifade ◽  
M. A. Bakare
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
H Pylori

Plasmid profile of multidrug resistant Helicobacter pylori isolated from ulcer patients in Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated. It was observed that the H. pylori isolated from ulcer patients in the course of the research were resistance to certain antibiotics. Consequently on the emergence of multiple drug resistance exhibited by the H. pylori, a total of 9 different antibiotics were tested against the H. pylori isolated from various locations to determine their in-vitro susceptibility pattern. The findings of the in-vitro antibiotics susceptibility testing are quite astonishing due to a high incidence of multiple drug resistance. Majority of the H. pylori showed high level of resistance against some specific number of antibiotics.  The multidrug resistance observed in this study seems to be plasmid mediated. Moreover frequent use of over-the-counter antibiotics and abuse of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administration and abuse of drugs of sub – standard chemical quality has been identified as a major problem. The results from this investigative study have shown that resistance in H. pylori was plasmid based.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and the ecology ofEscherichia coliplasmids

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Platt ◽  
J. S. Sommerville ◽  
C. A. Kraft ◽  
M. C. Timbury
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
High Level

SummaryFour hundred and seven clinical isolates ofEscherichia coliwere examined for the presence of plasmids. These isolates comprised 189 which were collected irrespective of antimicrobial resistance (VP) and 218 which were collected on the basis of high-level trimethoprim resistance (TPR). The VP isolates were divided into drug sensitive (VPS) and drug-resistant (VPR) subpopulations.Plasmids were detected in 88% of VP isolates (81% of VPS and 94% of VPR) and 98% of TPR isolates. The distribution of plasmids in both groups and subpopulations was very similar. However, there were small but statistically significant differences between the plasmid distributions. These showed that more isolates in the resistant groups harboured plasmids than in the sensitive subpopulation (VPS) and that the number of plasmids carried by resistant isolates was greater. Multiple drug resistance was significantly more common among TPR isolates than the VPR subpopulation and this was paralleled by increased numbers of plasmids.Fifty-eight per cent of VPR and 57% of TPR isolates transferred antimicrobial resistance and plasmids toE. coliK12. Of the R+isolates, 60% carried small plasmids (MW < 20Md) and 52% of these co-transferred with R-plasmids. These results are discussed.

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