scholarly journals FIRST LINE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS CORRELATE WITH ACID FAST BACILLI MICROSCOPY GRADING

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽  
Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽  
Titiek Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Spearman Test

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global public health crisis. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) gradation in sputum examination is an important component in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring. Previously treated pulmonary TB patients with a higher AFB smear gradation may have higher rates of acquired resistance. Patients with a higher AFB grade indicate a higher bacillary load and had higher rates of acquired resistance. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between AFB gradation and first-line anti-TB drug resistance patterns in MDR pulmonary TB patients. This was a retrospective study conducted from August 2009 to April 2018 in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Sputum samples were taken from MDR PTB patients. Sputum smear examination was done using Ziehl–Neelsen staining and gradation was measured according to IUATLD criteria. Samples with positive smear were evaluated for resistance patterns based on culture and resistance tests using the MGIT 960 BACTEC System. There were 433 sputum samples with AFB positive collected from MDR PTB patients. Resistance to RHES was found in 22 (14%) AFB +1, 19 (15%) AFB +2, and 29 (20%) AFB +3. Resistance to RHS was found in 22 (14%) AFB +1, 12 (9%) AFB +2, and 13 (9%) AFB +3. Resistance to RHE was found in 39 (25%) AFB +1, 38 (29%) AFB +2, and 35 (24%) AFB +3. Resistance to RH was found in 74 (47%) AFB +1, 61 (47%) AFB +2, and 69 (47%) AFB +3. Statistic analysis by Spearman test showed that there was no significant correlation between AFB gradation and first-line anti-TB drug resistance patterns. Acquired resistance to RHES can also found in lower bacillary load AFB +1.

scholarly journals Resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perpetual Wangui Ndung'u ◽  
Samuel Kariuki ◽  
Zipporah Ng'ang'a ◽  
Gunturu Revathi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Introduction: In Kenya, which ranks thirteenth of 27 high tuberculosis burden countries, diagnosis is based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining alone and patients are treated without information on sensitivity patterns. This study aimed to determine resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary samples.Methodology: Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi were randomly sampled after informed consent and recruited into the study using a structured questionnaire. Specimens were cultured in liquid and solid media, and drug susceptibility tests were performed for first-line drugs including (isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide). Results: Eighty-six (30%) of 286 isolates were resistant to at least one of five antibiotics tested. Thirty-seven (30.2%) isolates were resistant to isoniazid; 15 (11.6%) to streptomycin; 13 (4.5%) to ethambutol; four (1.4%) to rifampin ; and 30 (10.4%) to pyrazinamide. Double resistance was seen as follows: four (1.4%) isolates were resistant to both isoniazid and pyrazinamide; four (1.4%) to streptomycin and isoniazid; and one (0.3%) to rifampin and streptomycin. Two isolates (0.7%) were multidrug resistant, and one was triple resistant with an additional resistance to ethambutol. Results also showed 88.7% of patients were below the age of 40 years, while 26.3% were HIV positive. The majority of the patients (66.5%) were unemployed or self-employed in small businesses, with 79.4% earning less than 100 USD per month.Conclusion: The high resistance observed in isoniazid, which is a first-line drug, could result in an increase in multidrug resistance unless control programs are strengthened. Poverty should be addressed to reduce infection rates.

scholarly journals Level of Mycobacteria in Pre-Treatment Sputum and Susceptibility of M. tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Patients with non-Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis AFB (+) and Factors Influencing MGIT Results after the First 8 Weeks of Anti-Tuberculosi

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Dinh Dong ◽  
Nguyen Kim Cuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Hong ◽  
Nguyen Van Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respir Crit ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
First Line ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
Pre Treatment

Vietnam is among 30 high TB ​​burden countries even though the Vietnam National TB Program has made great efforts to detect and treat tuberculosis. Objectives: Assessment of Mycobacterial level in sputum before treatment, and susceptibility to the first line anti-TB drugs of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from TB patients with AFB (+) and non-multidrug-resistant. Moreover, factors influencing MGIT outcome after the first 8 weeks of first-line anti-TB drugs therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was also analysed. Methodology: An observational, analytical study was performed in 128 patients with non-multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis AFB (+) for evaluating the level of Mycobacteria in sputum before treatment by smear microscopy method; the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolated from sputum of the patient was analysed by Lowenstein - Jensen method. Factors affecting positive MGIT results after 2 months of treatment were determined by multivariate logistics regression. Results: The patients had AFB 3+ were 28% in new cases and 24,5% retreatment patients. The rate of M. tuberculosis strains was susceptible to the first line anti-TB drugs in new cases was higher than retreatment patients. The percentage of any anti-TB drug resistance in retreatment tuberculosis was 59,6%, higher than that of new case TB (23,6%). There was high rate of M. tuberculosis strains resistant to Streptomycin and Isoniazid (12,5% and 16,8% for new cases; 42,3% and 36,5% for retreatment cases, respectively). Large radiographic chest lesions and high AFB levels in pre-treatment sputum were factors associated with a positive MGIT result after the first 8 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Most of TB patients had high level of Mycobacteria in sputum samples collected before treatment. The percentage of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from sputum of pulmonary non MDR-TB patients had any anti-TB drug resistance were high. High Mycobacteria level in pre-treatment sputum and radiographic chest lesions related to positive MGIT result after the first 8 weeks of treatment. Keywords Pulmonary tuberculosis, first-line anti-TB drugs, anti-TB drug resistance, susceptibility, M. tuberculosis. References [1] World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Tuberculosis profiles: Viet Nam (2020) Available: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/tb_profiles/?_inputs_&entity_type=%22country%22&lan=%22EN%22&iso2=%22VN%22 (accessed 10 April 2020).[2] L.T. Luyen, N.V. Hung, Methods for Diagnosis in Tuberculosis, in Le Thi Luyen (Ed), Tuberculosis - Textbook for General Medical Students. Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, 2020, pp: 47-69 (in Vietnamese).[3] Ministry of Health - National Tuberculosis Programme Guideline for Standard Operating Procedures of Microbiology Laboratory Methods for Mycobacteria. Vietnam National Tuberculosis Programme, Hanoi (2013) (in Vietnamese).[4] Ministry of Health (2018) Guideline for Management, Diagnosis and Treatment for Tuberculosis. (in Vietnamese) Available: https://kcb.vn/vanban/quyet-dinh-so-3216-qd-byt-ngay-23-5-2018-ve-viec-ban-hanh-huong-dan-chan-doan-dieu-tri-va-du-phong-benh-lao (Accessed 12 January 2019)[5] A.P. Ralph, M. Ardian, A. Wiguna et al. A simple, valid, numerical score for grading chest x-ray severity in adult smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorax 2010 Oct;65(10):863-869. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2010.136242[6] C.T. Minh, L.T. Luyen, N.T.L. Huong et al. Plasma concentration of anti-tubeculosis drugs in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, who treatment in National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Hospital 2008 Journal of Practical Medicine 651(2009) 50-53 (in Vietnamese).[7] N.V. Nhung, N.B. Hoa, D.N. Sy, C.M. Hennig, A.S. Dean (2015) The fourth national anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Viet Nam. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. Jun 2015 19(6) 670-675. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0785[8] N.T. Hang, S. Maeda, L.T. Lien, et al. Primary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Hanoi, Viet Nam: present status and risk factors. PloS one 8(8) (2013) e71867. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071867[9] R. Hafner, J.A. Cohn, D.J. Wright, et al. Early bactericidal activity of isoniazid in pulmonary tuberculosis. Optimization of methodology. The DATRI 008 Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156 (1997) 918–923. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.156.3.9612016[10] A. Jindani, V.R. Aber, E.A. Edwards, D.A. Mitchison. The early bactericidal activity of drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 121(1980)(6) 939-949. Available: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/arrd.1980.121.6.939 (Accessed 12 January 2019).[11] H.L. Rieder. Intervention for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination. International Union of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France, 2002.

First-line antituberculosis drug resistance prevalence and its pattern among HIV-infected patients in the national referral tuberculosis centre, Iran

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Tabarsi ◽  
E Chitsaz ◽  
A Moradi ◽  
P Baghaei ◽  
P Farnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antitubercular Agents ◽  
First Line ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

The objective of this study was to determine the drug resistance prevalence and its pattern among tuberculosis (TB)–HIV patients in Iran. In this retrospective study, all admitted TB/HIV patients presenting to our tertiary centre during 2005–2007 were considered. After confirmation for TB–HIV, first-line DST was performed for culture-positive patients. The drug resistance patterns and the treatment outcomes were analysed. Of the total 92 TB/HIV patients, 27 were culture negative, and DST were available in 65. Intravenous drug abuse was seen in 59 (90.8%). Thirty-seven (57%) were ‘sensitive’ cases and 28 (43%) were ‘any drug resistance’ cases. Twenty-one (32.3%) were mono-drug, three (4.6%) poly-drug and four (6.1%) were multidrug-resistant TB patients. Previous anti-TB medication was significantly associated with any drug resistance ( P = 0.041; 95% confidence interval =0.086–0.984); however, having any drug resistance did not affect the treatment outcome ( P = 0.56). Streptomycin showed the highest resistance rate (27%) followed by isoniazid (20%), pyrazinamide (9.8%), rifampin (9.2%) and ethambutol (3%). Drug resistance to antitubercular agents in TB–HIV co-infected patients in Iran is high compared with other reports. Drug resistance is higher among those who have had prior anti-TB medication.

scholarly journals Genomic Variations in Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Collected from Patients with Different Localization of Infection

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Chernyaeva ◽  
Mikhail Rotkevich ◽  
Ksenia Krasheninnikova ◽  
Alla Lapidus ◽  
Dmitrii E. Polev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly studied pathogen due to public health importance. Despite this, problems like early drug resistance, diagnostics and treatment success prediction are still not fully resolved. Here, we analyze the incidence of point mutations widely used for drug resistance detection in laboratory practice and conduct comparative analysis of whole-genome sequence (WGS) for clinical M. tuberculosis strains collected from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (XPTB) localization. A total of 72 pulmonary and 73 extrapulmonary microbiologically characterized M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from patients from 2007 to 2014 in Russia. Genomic DNA was used for WGS and obtained data allowed identifying major mutations known to be associated with drug resistance to first-line and second-line antituberculous drugs. In some cases previously described mutations were not identified. Using genome-based phylogenetic analysis we identified M. tuberculosis substrains associated with distinctions in the occurrence in PTB vs. XPTB cases. Phylogenetic analyses did reveal M. tuberculosis genetic substrains associated with TB localization. XPTB was associated with Beijing sublineages Central Asia (Beijing CAO), Central Asia Clade A (Beijing A) and 4.8 groups, while PTB localization was associated with group LAM (4.3). Further, the XPTB strain in some cases showed elevated drug resistance patterns relative to PTB isolates. HIV was significantly associated with the development of XPTB in the Beijing B0/W148 group and among unclustered Beijing isolates.

Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
H. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
D. S. SAYI ◽  
A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽  
M. SINGHANIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

scholarly journals Acid fast bacilli detected in the oral swab sample of a pulmonary tuberculosis patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Reiska Kumala Bakti ◽  
Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽  
Diah Savitri Ernawati ◽  
Bagus Soebadi ◽  
Priyo Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that persists as a health problem worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as an etiological agent, is transmitted from infected to uninfected individuals via airborne droplet nuclei. Oral health care workers or dental practitioners may be at high risk of TB infection because of their close proximity to infected individuals during treatment procedures. Simple and rapid screening of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the oral cavity is necessary in order to prevent transmission of infection. Purpose: To investigate the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the buccal mucosa of pulmonary TB patients. Methods: Nineteen pulmonary TB patients of both sexes, ranging in age from 19 to 74 years old participated in this study. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was performed by clinical symptom assessment and supporting examination, including acid-fast bacilli on sputum examination. Two buccal mucosa swabs taken from pulmonary TB patients were collected for acid fast bacilli direct smear by Ziehl Neelsen staining. Results: With regard to mycobacterium tuberculosis, acid-fast bacilli presented in 10.5% of the oral buccal mucosa swabs of subjects, whereas in the sputum specimens, bacilli were found in 52.6% of subjects. Conclusion: Acid-fast bacilli can be found in the buccal epithelial mucosa of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, although its presence was very limited.

scholarly journals Drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis in those who developed the disease after exposure to MDR/XDR pulmonary tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
K. A. Glebov ◽  
V. A. Guseva ◽  
I. A. Burmistrova ◽  
O. V. Lovacheva ◽  
A. G. Samoylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

.

scholarly journals A secondary data analysis of qualitative study of individualized treatment regimen for North Indians living with human immunodeficiency virus-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushanta Kumar Barik ◽  
Avi Kumar Bansal ◽  
Ashwini Yadav ◽  
Srikanth Prasad Tripathy ◽  
Tej Pal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Indian Patients ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Endpoint Data ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The follow-up of fifty-seven patients were conducted after a confirmation genotyping test. The secondary data analysis was done on the data available to observe the correlation between the CD4 counts and viral loads (One of the markers of clinical outcome) of the individual North Indian patients infected with HIV-1 Subtype C. The drug resistance mutations in individual patient were analysed through the drug resistance database, Stanford University, USA. The data of resistance associated with drugs, CD4 counts, viral loads of the individual patient was compiled and statistically analysed for drug resistance pattern profiles using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS Version 22. The normality of data was checked by Shapiro-Wilk test (p<0.05). The study starting and endpoint data on CD4 counts, viral loads and drug resistance patterns associated with multiple first-line ART was available for 24 north Indian patients. The starting and study endpoint data on CD4 counts and drug resistance patterns associated with multiple first- line ART was available for 33 North Indian patients. The study indicative that the recommendation of policy to provide a tailor-made individualized regimen to each patient under AIDS control program.

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