PENGARUH REKLAMASI LAHAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA DAN EROSI PADA LAHAN ALANG-ALANG

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Aprisal Aprisal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Ameliorant

A research about utilization of cylindrica biomass as an OM source was conducted to improve physical properties and to reduce soil erosion of degraded land and. The area of degraded land is quite large and the cylindrical biomass as a soil ameliorant is enough amount to use. The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of cylindrical biomass to improve properties and to reduce erosion of degraded Ultisol. Cylindrica biomass was treated as mulch as well as compost, sprayed with Round up, and removed from the land as farmers used to do. The field research was designed in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The result showed that cylindrical biomass was able to improve soil physical properties (BD, TP, infiltration rate) and to reduce erosion lower than the tolerated one. Keywords: land reclamation, erosion, tolerated erosion

scholarly journals Bulk density and porosity of soils influenced by skidding operations in the Nkrankwanta Off-Forest Reserve of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1409-1415
Author(s):  
Ammal Abukari ◽  
Donkor Christian ◽  
Kwame Ochire-Boadu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Increasing Trends

 Heavy forest machinery used in skidding has the capacity to influence the physical properties of soils. These may possibly lead to an upsurge in soil disruption and compaction of the soil surface decreases forest soil fertilities. This study assesses the effects of skidding on some soil physical properties such as the soil bulk density and porosity in the Nkrankwanta off-forest reserve in Ghana. The treatments comprised of four traffic intensity levels (1, 5, 10, and 15 passes) of the Mercedes Benz skidder (MB) Trac 1800 and a slope of two levels (less than 20 % and greater than 20 %) in a completely randomized block design. In addition, porosity and soil bulk density were assessed at varied distances from the MB Trac 1800. Soil bulk density results showed increasing trends with traffic frequency. Soil bulk density measured in the undisturbed area was 0.64 g cm-3 and 0.56 g cm-3 at slopes of less than 20% and greater than 20%, respectively. On the skid trail, soil bulk density significantly increased with traffic frequency (p<0.05). However soil porosity declined. Soil porosity estimated in uninterrupted area was 59.10 % and 57.40 % at < 20% and > 20% slope, respectively. Soil porosity was significantly influenced via different skidder passes (p<0.05). The soil physical properties were not influenced by the steepness of the slope however acted together in the number of passes to influence soil porosity. The impacts of the skidder on soil physical properties were significantly apparent at distances of 2 m to each sideway of the skidding trail. In conclusion, distinct responsiveness ought to be considered throughout the operations of skidding to curtail unfriendly influences on soil physical properties in ground-base skidding.

scholarly journals Soil uses in the sugarcane fallow period to improve chemical and physical properties of two latosols (oxisols)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fernandes ◽  
José Eduardo Corá ◽  
Adolfo Valente Marcelo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
In The Beginning

Sugarcane production should be integrated with crop diversification with a view to competitive and sustainable results in economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period on the chemical and physical properties of eutroferric Red Latosol - LVef (Oxisol) and Acric Latosol - LVw (Acric Oxisol), in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil (21º14'05'' S, 48º17'09'' W, 600 m asl). A randomized block design was used with five replications and four treatments, consisting of different soil uses (crops) in the sugarcane fallow period: soybean only, soybean/fallow/soybean, soybean/millet/soybean, and soybean/sunn hemp/soybean. After two soybean crops, the LVef chemical properties remained at intermediate to high levels; while those of the LVw, classified as intermediate to high in the beginning, increased to high levels. Thus, the different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period allowed the maintenance of LVef fertility levels and the improvement of those of the LVw. Two soybean crops increased macroporosity in the 0.0-0.1 m layer of the LVef; reduced soil aggregates in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers of both soils, and reduced aggregate stability in these two layers of the LVw. Planting pearl millet or sunn hemp between the two soybean growing seasons promoted the formation of larger soil aggregates in the surface layer (0.0-0.1 m) of the LVw.

Effects of spent mushroom substrate on soil physical conditions and plant growth in an intensive horticultural system

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. C. Stewart ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
I. S. Cornforth ◽  
J. R. Sedcole
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Surface Crust

A 2-year field trial determined the influence of applying spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on soil physical properties and the growth of 4 consecutive vegetable crops (sweetcorn, cabbage, potato, cabbage). Treatments comprised 0, 20, 40, and 80 t/ha of moist SMS, both with and without inorganic fertiliser, applied to each crop, giving a range of SMS rates up to 320 t/ha. SMS improved the environment for plant root growth by decreasing soil bulk density (by 0· 05-0·25 g/cm 3 at 100 mm depth), increasing aggregate stability (by 13-16%), reducing clod and surface crust formation (by 16-31 and 18-94%, respectively), increasing the infiltration rate (by 130-207 mm/h), increasing the water content of the soil (by 0-7% w/w), and reducing diurnal temperature changes. Some of these changes were not evident until repeated applications of 80 t/ha SMS had been made. Soil physical properties were related to crop yield, and soil physical properties’ principal components were related to crop principal components using regression analysis (r2 of 0·20-0·60 and 0·16-0·54, respectively). The soil physical properties that had the most influence on plant growth were specific to each crop and included bulk density, water content, surface crust cover, infiltration rate, and aggregate size distribution. Soil physical properties had a large influence on the potato yield irrespective of fertiliser use and on both cabbage crop yields when fertiliser was not used, but not on the sweetcorn yield (the first crop to be grown). The effect of changing soil physical properties on plant growth was most apparent when fertiliser was not used. This was because the improved physical properties increased plant yield (at least in part) because of increased plant nutrient uptake.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa. L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
ARJUNA YOHANNES SIMANULLANG ◽  
NI LUH KARTINI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG ISTRI KESUMADEWI
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

The Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on The Growth and Results of Green Mustard (Brassica rapa L.). Green mustard (Brassica rapa L.) is a vegetable that preferred by many consumers, this causes many farmers cultivate this vegetables. One of the important factor in the cultivation of green mustard is fertilizer type. Alternative to improve soil quality and fertility is by providing organic matter. A field research was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of green mustard, in Banjar Taman Tande, Baturiti Village, Bedugul from April to June 2018. This study was designed with a Randomized Block Design with nested patterns consisting of two factors. The first factor was the type of fertilizer, which was consisted of four types of organic fertilizer, namely: vermicompost, cow manure, chicken manure, goat manure and inorganic fertilizers (NPK Mutiara). The second factor was fertilizer dosage, which was consisted of three levels, namely: 0 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha, and 30 tons/ha, while for NPK Mutiara fertilizer dosages, namely: 0 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, and 300 kg/ha.The results showed that the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers were not significantly different on the growth and yield of green mustard plants and RAE values. The total N content of soil on vermicompost treatment was 0.23% equal to NPK Mutiara. The total population of soil microbes on vermicompost treatment under dosage of 15 tons/ha and 30 tons/ha were 1.4 x 106 cfu/g that was much higher compared to NPK Mutiara 150 kg/ha fertilizer (0.3 x 106 cfu/g).

scholarly journals INTEGRATED BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY TO CONTROL MUNGBEAN PESTS AND DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu ◽  
Yusmani Prayogo ◽  
Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Biological Technology ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The main constraints to increase mungbean production in Indonesia are pests and diseases. The application of integrated biological agents can improve the efficacy of controlling the mungbean pests and diseases. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of integrated biological agents to suppress mungbean pests and diseases. This field research was conducted from May to July 2018 using a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: T1 = Trichol + NSP, T2 = Trichol + SlNPV, T3 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV, T4 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas, T5 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas + GE, T6 = chemical pesticides, and T7 = control. The results showed that the highest efficacy occurred in T4 and T5 treatments which saved the yield loss from major pests and diseases attack, and did not differ significantly with chemical pesticides (T6). Treatments T4 was able to reduce the development of soil borne diseases by 3% and suppress Spodoptera litura attack by 9.8% as compared to chemical treatment. T4 was also more efficient than T5 because it uses less biological agents. The advantage of biological agents is compatible if they were used together with predators such as Oxyopes sp., Paederus sp. and Coccinella sp; and also Telenomus sp. and Trichogramma sp. parasitoids. On the other hand, the chemical pesticides (T6) killed all existing natural enemies. Therefore, T4 could be recommended for controlling mungbean pests and diseases.

scholarly journals Genotypes x Environments Interaction of Soybean Lines in Various Shading Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Titik Sundari ◽  
G. W. A. Susanto ◽  
Novita Nugrahaeni ◽  
. Suhartina ◽  
. Purwantoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Land Space

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) planted in land space among stands of other crops especially forest trees experience shading stress due to less sunlight penetration. The objective of the study was to identify the performance and yield stability of soybean genotypes in various shading environments. Field research was conducted in 2018 on 15 soybean genotypes consisted of 12 promising soybean lines and three check varieties (Dena 1, Dena 2, and Grobogan) in 10 shading environments (cassava, maize, orange, teak, eucalyptus, oil palm, and no shading). Randomized block design and repeated four times was used in each location. Result of the study showed that the response of the genotypes to grain yield was significantly difference in each environment or location. Stability of genotypes were grouped into 3, namely 1 genotype classified as unstable and recommended for less optimal environments, 6 genotypes (5 promising lines and 1 check variety) which were classified as stable and adaptive in 10 test locations, and 8 genotypes (6 promising lines and 2 check varieties) classified as unstable in 10 test locations. Based on seed yield and yield components average, one line (Grob/Pander-395-2) had a high average seed yield (1.84 tha-1), high seeds weight per plant (14.8 g), high weight of 100 seeds (21.6 g), and stable in 10 location (indicated by non significant both regression coefficient and regression deviation). Therefore, Grob/Pander-395-2 could be recommended for being grown in shading environments across the country.

scholarly journals Effect of Coffee Pulp Compost and Terrace on Erosion, Run off and Nutrients Loss from Coffee Plantation in Lahat Regency, South Sumatra

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Siti Masreah Bernas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fine Particulates ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Run Off

On some coffee plantations in Lahat Regency South Sumatra, in some places the farmers did not apply agricultural practices, such as tillage, conservation practices, and fertilizers. Many researches have been done to study about effects of organic fertilizer on soil nutrients content and plant growth as well as and the impacts of terrace on soil water content, run-off and erosion. However, there was less research in the highland area. Whereas the possibilityof run off, erosion and nutrient leaching the high land area was high. Thus, it was important to apply terrace and organic coffee pulp in this farm. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of terrace and organic fertilizer on run off and soil erosion, nutrients loss and nutrient content in coffee leaves. Terrace system and organic fertilizer were applied on a one year old coffee plantation in Lahat Regency. Before the treatment applied,coffee pulp as organic fertilizer was decomposed in the chamber for about 2 months. The experiment was conducted in factorial in a Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was coffee pulp compost (0, 3, and 6 Mg ha-1), and the second factor was type of terrace (without, individual, and bund terraces). The size of each plot was 2 m width and 10 m length. Data was analysed by using LSD (Least Significant Different) test. The resultshows that bund terrace reduced runoff and erosion significantly up to 79% (for run off water) and 78% (for eroded soil) compared to without terrace. Organic fertilizer did not affect run off and soil erosion. This may be caused by properties of coffee pulp compost which were fine particulates and the dosages of application were too low to cover soil suface. Bund terrace decreased significantly N, P, K nutrients in soil loss (sediment). The amount of N losswas reduced from 3.37 kg ha-1 per four months (without terrace) to about 0.75 kg ha-1 per four months (bund terrace). Terrace and organic fertilizer did not affect significantly nutrients content in the leaves, but P-content was low without organic fertilizer addition. It is suggested to apply bund terrace and higher organic fertilizer dose on the coffee farm, and further experiments when harvesting the yield (berries) are needed for the second year oldcoffee farm.Keywords: Coffee, compost, erosion, nutrient, pulp, terrace

scholarly journals Azotobacter chroococcum Dan Pembenah Tanah Untuk Menurunkan Serapan Kadmium Oleh Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.)

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginawanti Hindersah ◽  
Nofalia Nurfitriana ◽  
Betty Natalie Fitriatin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Cadmium Uptake ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Ameliorant

Heavy metal contamination in paddy field which came from industry nearby and agricultural input. Increased level of toxic heavy metal cadmium will threat rice production and quality. Bioremediation by used of rhizosphere bacteria is an easy, cheap and effective method to control toxic metal uptake. Pot experiment has been done to study the change in cadmium uptake after biofertilizer Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation and some soil ameliorant. Expirement has been carried out in factorial completely randomized block design with A. chroococcum and ameliorant as treatments.   Either Azotobacter inoculation or soil ameliorant didn’t change soil acidity, the soil still neutral. Rhizosphere of paddy received biochar, hay compost and biochar and inoculated with 108 cfu mL-1 Azotobacter was colonized by more Azotobacter compared to uninoculated one. All plant treated with Azotobacter has higher nitrogen uptake but lower cadmium uptake. This experiment suggested that biofertilizer Azotobacter has a significant role to decrease cadmium uptake by padi, an important food crop. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK KASCING DAN NITROGEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELADA (LACTVCA SATIVA L.) VAR GEORGIA

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Ketut Turaini Indra Winten
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The low of growth and yield of lettuce is quite often caused by the low of soil fertility, especially nitrogen and C-organic content. Poor soil physical properties also contribute to the cause of low yield of lettuce. Improved soil physical and chemical properties by adding casting fertilizers and nitrogen are expected to be able to increase the yields of lettuce. The field experiment was conducted in Candikuning village, district of Baturiti, Tabanan regency, from October 2005 to January 2006. The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of casting fertilizer and nitrogen rates on the growth and yields of lettuce. A randomized complete block design was used in this experiment and two treatment factors were imposed. Those two treatment factors were rates of casting fertilizers (i.e. 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha"1 ) and rates of N (i.e. 0, 92, 138 and 184 kg N ha"1), which were arranged factorially and repeated three times. Results of the experiment indicated that interaction between casting fertilizer and nitrogen rates did not significantly affect the yields of lettuce. The rates of N only significantly affected several growth variables and the oven-dry weight of heads plant-1. Increased rates of N from 0 to 92 kg N ha-1 significantly resulted in the oven-dry weight of heads of 2.798 g plant-1 which was 13.9% higher than that of 0 kg N ha-1. Rates of casting fertilizer significantly affected head diameter and the oven-dry weight of heads plant"1 and ha-1. Increased rates of casting fertilizer from 0 to 10 t ha-1 gave the oven-dry weight of heads as much as 0.232 t ha"1 or 9.43% higher than the weight given by the rate of 0 t ha-1. The effects of rates of casting fertilizer and N were only significant on several soil physical properties. The relationship between rates of casting fertilizer and yields of lettuce was quadratic (Y = 0.21135 + 0.0032 X - 0.001 X2 ; R2 = 0.981). The optimum rate of casting fertilizer was 16.0 t ha-1 with the maximum oven-dry weight of heads of 0.237 t ha-1, meanwhile, the optimum rate of N had not obtained in this experiment.

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