scholarly journals Bulk density and porosity of soils influenced by skidding operations in the Nkrankwanta Off-Forest Reserve of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1409-1415
Author(s):  
Ammal Abukari ◽  
Donkor Christian ◽  
Kwame Ochire-Boadu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Increasing Trends

 Heavy forest machinery used in skidding has the capacity to influence the physical properties of soils. These may possibly lead to an upsurge in soil disruption and compaction of the soil surface decreases forest soil fertilities. This study assesses the effects of skidding on some soil physical properties such as the soil bulk density and porosity in the Nkrankwanta off-forest reserve in Ghana. The treatments comprised of four traffic intensity levels (1, 5, 10, and 15 passes) of the Mercedes Benz skidder (MB) Trac 1800 and a slope of two levels (less than 20 % and greater than 20 %) in a completely randomized block design. In addition, porosity and soil bulk density were assessed at varied distances from the MB Trac 1800. Soil bulk density results showed increasing trends with traffic frequency. Soil bulk density measured in the undisturbed area was 0.64 g cm-3 and 0.56 g cm-3 at slopes of less than 20% and greater than 20%, respectively. On the skid trail, soil bulk density significantly increased with traffic frequency (p<0.05). However soil porosity declined. Soil porosity estimated in uninterrupted area was 59.10 % and 57.40 % at < 20% and > 20% slope, respectively. Soil porosity was significantly influenced via different skidder passes (p<0.05). The soil physical properties were not influenced by the steepness of the slope however acted together in the number of passes to influence soil porosity. The impacts of the skidder on soil physical properties were significantly apparent at distances of 2 m to each sideway of the skidding trail. In conclusion, distinct responsiveness ought to be considered throughout the operations of skidding to curtail unfriendly influences on soil physical properties in ground-base skidding.

scholarly journals The Effect of Steel Slag and Bokashi of Husk to Soil Bulk Density, Soil Aggregate Stability, Soil Porosity and Plant Biomass Broccoli in Andisol Lembang

Agrikultura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henly Yulina ◽  
Rina Devnita ◽  
Rachmat Harryanto
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTAndisol soil has very good soil physical characteristic, however it has problem with the Pretention. Giving ameliorant to reduce the P retention is expected to maintain, moreover toimprove some soil physical characteristics. The objective of this research was to find out theinteraction between steel slag and bokashi of husk to bulk density, aggregate stability, soil porosityand biomass of broccoli on Andisol Lembang. This study used a randomized block design factorialwith two factors. The first factor was steel slag and the second factor was bokashi of husk. Each ofthem consisted of 4 levels: 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% with two replications. The result of thisresearch showed there was not interaction between steel slag and bokashi of husk to soil bulkdensity, soil aggregate stability, soil porosity and biomass of broccoli. The statistical results showedthat bokashi of husk influence independently to decreasing soil bulk density until 0.53 g cm-3,decreasing soil aggregate stability until 3.25 and increasing soil porosity until 80.22%, but theprovision of steel slag and bokashi of husk didn‟t influence to biomass of broccoli.Keywords : organik matter, silicate, bulk density, agreggate stability, broccoliABSTRAKAndisol mempunyai sifat fisika tanah yang baik, namun bermasalah dengan retensi P. Pemberianamelioran untuk mengurangi retensi P, diharapkan dapat mempertahankan, bahkan meningkatkanbeberapa parameter fisika tanah tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi terakbaja dengan bokashi sekam padi terhadap bobot isi, kemantapan agregat, porositas tanah danbiomassa tanaman brokoli pada Andisol Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan AcakKelompok Pola Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama terak baja dan faktor kedua bokashisekam padi masing-masing 4 taraf: 0%, 2,5%, 5,0% dan 7,5%, diulang dua kali. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi terhadapbobot isi, kemantapan agregat, porositas tanah dan biomassa tanaman brokoli. Hasil statistikmenunjukkan bahwa bokashi sekam padi berpengaruh mandiri untuk menurunkan bobot isi tanahsampai 0.53 g cm-3, menurunkan kemantapan agregat tanah sampai 3,25 dan meningkatkanporositas tanah sampai 80,22%, namun pemberian terak baja dan bokashi sekam padi tidakberpengaruh terhadap biomassa tanaman brokoli.Kata kunci : bahan organik, silikat, bobot isi, kemantapan agregat, brokoli

scholarly journals Response of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafafa) Growth, Yield Parameters and Soil Physical Properties of Ultisol at Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Iroegbu, Chidinma S ◽  
Asawalam, Damian O ◽  
O. A. Dada ◽  
J. E. Orji
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Aim: To determine the effect of different rates of sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM) applied on some soil physical properties of acid sandy Ultisol, and some growth parameters and yield of cocoyam. Study Design: 2 x 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design replicated three times.  Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Eastern farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons. Methodology: The treatments comprised of two manure sources at five levels each: sawdust (0, 2, 10, 15 and 20t/ha) and poultry manure (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8t/ha). The treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, corms, cormels and total yield. Soil samples were collected with core samplers for physical properties such as Soil Bulk density and Total Porosity. All the data collected were subjected to ANOVA for factorial experiment in RCBD at 5% probability level. Results: The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) improved soil bulk density and total porosity with the lowest value obtained with 0t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) increased the leaf area with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. Also, only the increasing rates of treatment applied significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area and cocoyam yield with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Also, the various rates of treatment application significantly (p<0.05) increased the cocoyam yield (weight of corms and cormels) with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Conclusion: Improvement in growth and yield of cocoyam resulted from the improved nutrient status of the soil as a result of the amendments applied.

PENGARUH REKLAMASI LAHAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA DAN EROSI PADA LAHAN ALANG-ALANG

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Aprisal Aprisal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Ameliorant

A research about utilization of cylindrica biomass as an OM source was conducted to improve physical properties and to reduce soil erosion of degraded land and. The area of degraded land is quite large and the cylindrical biomass as a soil ameliorant is enough amount to use. The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of cylindrical biomass to improve properties and to reduce erosion of degraded Ultisol. Cylindrica biomass was treated as mulch as well as compost, sprayed with Round up, and removed from the land as farmers used to do. The field research was designed in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The result showed that cylindrical biomass was able to improve soil physical properties (BD, TP, infiltration rate) and to reduce erosion lower than the tolerated one. Keywords: land reclamation, erosion, tolerated erosion

scholarly journals Influence of ryegrass managements on the physical properties of a Haplohumox

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 952-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Vizioli ◽  
Karina Maria Vieira Cavalieri-Polizeli ◽  
Gabriel Barth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
No Tillage

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) managements on the physical properties of a Haplohumox, and on the yields of corn and of ryegrass cultivated in succession to corn. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with three treatments and three replicates, in which treatments were the different managements of ryegrass under no-tillage for silage, soil cover, and grazing. After nine years of management, samples were collected at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30-m soil depths, to determine the following soil properties: texture, total organic carbon, soil bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, and resistance to root penetration. The index of structural stability was estimated from texture and total organic carbon data. Maximum soil bulk density and permanent wilting point were also estimated from pedotransfer functions. Corn and ryegrass dry matter yields were determined from plants harvested inside the plot area. Total organic carbon content increased as depth increased. The ryegrass managements in no-tillage system, in succession to corn, does not influence the soil physical properties of a Haplohumox, and maintains high corn and ryegrass yields.

Soil compaction and recovery cycle on a Southland dairy farm: implications for soil monitoring

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Drewry ◽  
R. J. Paton ◽  
R. M. Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Routine Monitoring

This paper quantifies soil compaction and natural recovery of soil physical properties during a 3-year trial on a dairy farm in Southland, New Zealand. The study investigated the magnitude of soil compaction over spring, and natural recovery of soil physical properties over summer and autumn. Changes in soil physical condition were measured while pastures were intermittently grazed by lactating dairy cows, and also over winter when cows were removed from pasture. Soil bulk density at 0–5 cm increased (P < 0.001) during spring by up to 0.20 Mg/m3. During spring 2000, macroporosity (volumetric % of pores >30 μm) at 0–5 cm decreased (P < 0.001) from 13.5 to 7.5%, with similar trends in spring 2002. Many of the soil physical properties showed significant recovery over summer and autumn. Bulk density decreased (P < 0.001) by 0.09 Mg/m3, from December 2001 to May 2002. Soil macroporosity also recovered markedly during summer and autumn. Macroporosity increased (P < 0.001) from 12.5% in December 2001 to 18% in May 2002. Significant changes in soil compaction and recovery were also measured at 5–10 cm depth. For many soil physical properties, recovery over winter was much less than over summer and autumn. Implications of the compaction and recovery cycle are discussed in terms of measurement protocols appropriate to routine monitoring of soil physical condition.

scholarly journals Temporal changes of an alfalfa succession and related soil physical properties on the Loess Plateau, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li She ◽  
Ming An Shao ◽  
Luis Carlos Timm ◽  
Klaus Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
The Loess Plateau

The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between changes in the plant community and changes in soil physical properties and water availability, during a succession from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to natural vegetation on the Loess Plateau, China. Data from a succession sere spanning 32 years were collated, and vegetative indexes were compared to changes related to soil bulk density and soil water storage. The alfalfa yield increased for approximately 7 years, then it declined and the alfalfa was replaced by a natural community dominated by Stipa bungeana that began to thrive about 10 years after alfalfa seeding. Soil bulk density increased over time, but the deterioration of the alfalfa was mainly ascribed to a severe reduction in soil water storage, which was lowest around the time when degradation commenced. The results indicated that water consumption by alfalfa could be reduced by reducing plant density. The analysis of the data also suggested that soil water recharge could be facilitated by rotating the alfalfa with other crops, natural vegetation, or bare soil.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengolahan Tanah dan Pupuk Kompos terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Hasil Jagung

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
I PUTU DHARMA ◽  
I NYOMAN PUJA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage

The Effect of Soil Tillages Frequency and Compost Fertilizer on Soil Physical Properties and Corn Yields. The aims of this research is to determine of effect soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer on soil physical properties and corn yields. The method was used a Randomized Block Design (RBD), factorial consisting of two factors, namely: Soil Tillages Frequency (T) consists of 3 levels, namely: T0 = no tillage; T1 = if one time and T2 = if twice. Compost Fertilizer (K) consists of 3 levels, namely: K0 = Without compost, K1 = 5 tons compost/ha and B2 = 10 tons compost/ha. Combination treatment into 9 treatments, namely T0K0 , T0K1, T0K2, T1K0, T1K1, T1K2, T2K0, T2K1, T2K2. and each treatment was repeated 3 times, so there were 27 research plots.The results showed that the soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer had no significant effect on the soil physical properties and corn yields. Twice soil tillage frequency resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yields respectively 1.01 g/cm3, 60.98%, 37.31% and 0.83 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with no tillage which is 1.03 g/cm3, 60.43%, 36.57% and 0.81 kg/m2. Addition of 10 tons compost/ha resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yield respectively 0.99 g/cm3, 61.75%, 38.21% and 0.86 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with without compost fertilizer which is 1.06 g/cm3, 59.40%, 36.44% and 0.80 kg/m2.

scholarly journals Effect of Moldboard Plow Types on Soil Physical Properties Under Different Soil Moisture Content and Tractor Speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Aqeel J. Nassir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Moldboard Plow

An experiment was conducted in fields of Agriculture college, University  of Basrah. The experiment was designed with split-spilt plots in Complete Randomized Blocks Design Treatments included three types of moldboard plows: helical,  semi digger and general –purpose, three soil moisture content levels (10.23,16.47 and 24.68%), and four tractor speed of 0.41, 0.56, 0.86 and 1.21 m sec -1  . The soil  physical properties were determined after plowing soil by using three types of moldboard plow. The results showed that there was significant effect of moldboard plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed on soil physical properties including bulk density, soil porosity, soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratio. Results also indicated that the effect of interaction among plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed was significantly on soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratios while it had not significantly effect on bulk density, soil porosity. In general, soil physical properties, had been improved when using high tractor speed and moderate soil moisture content whereas optimal operation was obtained when using general-purpose plow type and  high tractor speed of 1.12 m sec -1 and soil moisture content of 16.47% where this combination gives low bulk density (0.96Mg m-3), high soil porosity (63.90%) high soil pulverization ratio (74%) and low soil penetration resistance (623.47 kN m-2).

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DEDAK PADI

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Febrina Grace Ivonne Marbun ◽  
Rahmat Wiradimadja ◽  
Iman Hernaman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The study aimed to determine the effect of storage time on the physical characteristics of rice bran. The study was carried out by the experimental method using a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were the length of storage, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The variables observed were the physical properties of rice bran which included specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density and moisture content. The collected data was analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan’s test. The results showed that the storage time from week 0 to week 4 did not have a significant effect on the specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density. The treatment of each other had a significant effect (P <0.05) increasing the rice bran moisture content. It was concluded that the length of storage increased the moisture content with the regression equation y = 1.0963X + 8.728 with R2 = 0.7602, r = 0.8719, but did not affect the physical characteristics of rice bran. Keywords: Density, Moisture Content, Physical Characteristics, Rice Bran, Storage Time

scholarly journals Effects of Ground-Based Skidding on Soil Physical Properties in Skid Trail Switchbacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
Ahmad Solgi ◽  
Ramin Naghdi ◽  
Eric K. Zenner ◽  
Petros A. Tsioras ◽  
Vahid Hemmati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Deflection Angle ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Straight Segments

Effective skid-trail design requires a solid understanding of vehicle-soil interactions, yet virtually no data exist on the effects of harvest traffic on soils in the switchback curves common in mountainous terrain. We contrast for the first time the effect of skidding on dry bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity in the straight segments of the skid trail and in various positions within switchbacks of differing trail curvature (deflection angle) on different slope gradients. Treatment plots with three replications included combinations of two classes of curvature (narrow = high deflection angle, 60–70°; wide = low deflection angle, 110–130°) and two categories of slope gradient (gentle = ≤20%; steep = &gt;20%). The Cambisol soil was sampled in control and trafficked areas both before and after three passes with a rubber-tired skidder. After only three passes, significant effects were seen for dry soil bulk density (+), total porosity (–), macroporosity (–), and microporosity (+), with steady trends from undisturbed controls to straight segments to wide curves to narrow curves. Soil damage increased gradually and consistently toward the apex of the curve, particularly in narrow curves on gentle slopes. Our results establish that curvature and switchback position are important factors affecting soil compaction in ground skidding. The strong observed effects of even low harvest traffic volume on soil physical properties in curves indicate that the degree of soil compaction in skid trails may be underestimated in areas with numerous switchbacks, the placement of which within a skid trail system may require careful consideration on mountainous terrain.

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