scholarly journals Induced mutagenesis in Cicer arietinum by the application of EMS and Gamma rays with special reference to the cytological studies

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
S. Umavathi ◽  
I. Anittha, L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Abnormal Cell ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis

The present study was conducted to analyze the chemical and physical mutagenesis on Cicer arietinum with special reference to cytological studies. In this regard, CO – 4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different concentration of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50mM) for inducing mutation. The M1 plants exposed to mutagen produces a clear cut difference from the untreated control. The root mitotic studies reveal a wide range of chromosomal aberrations such as stickiness, laggards, bridges and some other precocious movement. The percentage of abnormal cell increased with dosage in both mutagens; and 50mM EMS showed more chromosomal aberrations when compared to gamma rays.

scholarly journals Induced Mutagenesis in Cicer arietinum

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mullainathan ◽  
S. Umavathi
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The traditional varieties of chick pea have low potentiality and restricted variability with respect to economic characters. Broadening the genetic base for crop improvement can be quickly achieved through induced mutagenesis. The present study was undertaken in order to comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens on Cicer arietinum. In this regard, Co – 4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different dose/concentration of Gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kR) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) for inducing mutation. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency was calculated based on biological damage in M1 and chlorophyll mutations in M2. The results indicated that, mutagenic effectiveness increased with the increase in dose/concentration of mutagen. Intermediate treatments in general were found more efficient in causing less biological damage and inducing maximum amount of mutations. It shows that the chemical mutagens are more effective and efficient than physical mutagen for inducing mutation in Chick pea

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Induced Mutagenesis Study for Identifying Lethality Dose in Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Var. Co - 4

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umavathi ◽  
L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutagenesis Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The present study was conducted in order to determine the effect of gamma rays and EMS on seed germination, Seedling height and root length in chick pea to identify the lethal dose (LD50). In this regard, the healthy seeds of chick pea was subjected to different doses/concentrations of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50mM) for inducing mutation. The effect of gamma rays and EMS was determined by measuring the seed germination, seedling height and root length under the conditions of the M1 generation. The results shows that, the seed germination, seedling height and root length were significantly decreased with increasing doses/concentrations. The LD50 values were observed based on the growth reduction of seedlings after treatments with mutagen. The effective doses/concentrations which caused 50% growth reduction were observed in 40kR in gamma rays and 30mM in EMS.

scholarly journals Induced mutagenesis in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum (L.) with special reference to the frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umavathi ◽  
L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Different Doses

A relative study of frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations induced by mutagens in M2 generation was made with chickpea (Cicer arietinum (L). Variety ‘CO-4’. The treatments include different doses/concentrations of Gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM). From the study, the overall frequencies and spectrum of five types of induced chlorophyll mutants Viridis (0.55), Xantha (0.46), Chlorina (0.45), Albina (0.43) and Tigrina (0.35) were observed. The frequency of chlorophyll mutation was increased with increasing concentrations up to a level, beyond it declined in both the mutagens. And the chlorophyll frequency was found in the order of viridis > xantha >chlorina> Albina >tigrina. The chemical mutagen, EMS was found to be more effective in inducing chlorophyll mutations than gamma rays in Chick pea.

scholarly journals Mutagenic Effect of Gamma Rays and EMS on Seed Germination, Seedling Height Reduction and Survivability of Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Var. Co-4

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umavathi ◽  
L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of gamma irradiation and EMS treatment on seed germination and seedling height of Chick pea (Cicer arietinum. L.). In this regard Co-4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different doses/concentrations of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) for inducing mutation. The effect of mutagen was observed on the basis of percentage of seed germination, seedling height reduction at 15th day and survivability. From the result it was observed that, the percentage of seed germination, seedling height reduction at 15th day and survivability were significantly decreased with increasing doses/concentrations of mutagen. The effective doses/ concentrations which caused 50 % growth reduction were 40kR in gamma rays and 30 mM in EMS.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic variability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under gamma-rays action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Izhboldin ◽  
◽  
T. Y. Lykholat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The aim of our research was to identify the specifity of the action of a wide range of doses of gamma rays in winter wheat varieties at the level of the cell chromosomal apparatus. The experiments used seeds of winter wheat varieties of local selection Spivanka and Commerciyna, irradiated with gamma rays in doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy. Control was dry seeds. Based on the data of cytological analysis, the frequencies and spectra of chromosomal aberrations after exposure to gamma rays were studied. The total number of mitoses (in the corresponding phase) found in the preparations (20 - 25 preparations for each variant), the number of cells with chromosomal abnormalities and the percentage of such cells (from the number of mitotic), the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (from the total number of cells with rearrangements). The sample was approximately 500 - 1000 cells for each study variant. The variety Spivanka is significantly less stable with respect to the variety Commerciyna at the cytogenetic level, but with no significant differences in the interaction in the genotype-mutagen system for gamma rays. The number of chromosomal rearrangements increases linearly under the action of gamma rays up to 200 Gy, where a significant drop begins with stabilization at a lower level at doses of 250 - 300 Gy. The dose of mutagen was found as more significant factor. Significant parameters of variability were the total frequency of chromosomal aberrations, the frequency of bridges and the frequency of complex rearrangements. The ratio of fragments to bridges is standard for gamma rays. Approximately the same level of variability in subsequent generations will be assumed for both varieties, but greater differences in variability in case of the use of chemical mutagens and the possibility of differences in the spectrum of changes in subsequent generations for gamma rays was predicted.

scholarly journals a/alpha-control of DNA repair in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetic and physiological aspects.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Heude ◽  
F Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Error Prone Repair ◽  
G2 Phase ◽  
Mat Locus ◽  
Mat Genes

Abstract It has long been known that diploid strains of yeast are more resistant to gamma-rays than haploid cells, and that this is in part due to heterozygosity at the mating type (MAT) locus. It is shown here that the genetic control exerted by the MAT genes on DNA repair involves the a1 and alpha 2 genes, in a RME1-independent way. In rad18 diploids, affected in the error-prone repair, the a/alpha effects are of a very large amplitude, after both UV and gamma-rays, and also depends on a1 and alpha 2. The coexpression of a and alpha in rad18 haploids suppresses the sensitivity of a subpopulation corresponding to the G2 phase cells. Related to this, the coexpression of a and alpha in RAD+ haploids depresses UV-induced mutagenesis in G2 cells. For srs2 null diploids, also affected in the error-prone repair pathway, we show that their G1 UV sensitivity, likely due to lethal recombination events, is partly suppressed by MAT homozygosity. Taken together, these results led to the proposal that a1-alpha 2 promotes a channeling of some DNA structures from the mutagenic into the recombinational repair process.

Ascochyta rabiei. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Seed Infestation

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta rabiei. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cicer arietinum. DISEASE: Blight of gor chick pea (Cicer arietinum), attacks all above-ground parts of the plant; circular lesions on leaves and pods and elongate ones on petioles and stems. The pycnidia form in concentric areas on these lesions and in severe attacks the whole plant is killed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Restricted to the Mediterranean region, S.E. Europe, S.W. Asia and also reported from Tanzania (CMI Map 151, ed. 2, 1966). Additional areas not yet mapped are: Lebanon, Turkey, USSR (Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Moldavia). TRANSMISSION: Infection is carried both on and within the seed. Seed infestation in pods showing infection was 50-80%. Seed formation, size and germination and seedling growth are adversely affected (12: 264; 49, 3059). Conida are presumably dispersed by water-splash and viability is retained in host debris on the soil surface between crop seasons.

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