scholarly journals Updated status of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Jordan with emphasis on the Bemisia tabaci species complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ihab Ghabeish ◽  
Mais Sweiss ◽  
Ghandi Anfoka
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mtcoi Gene

Whiteflies are economically important plant pests that cause damage to crops worldwide. This study aimed to update the status of whiteflies in Jordan by combining the classical morphological identification and the DNA markers using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene. Over the course of three consecutive years, 111 whiteflies were collected from different geographical regions and different plant hosts in Jordan. The results showed that, in addition to Bemisia tabaci, another nine different whitefly species were identified, including two species that were recorded for the first time in Jordan: Africaleurodes coffeacola, and Tetraleurodes neemani. A special focus has been given to economically important plant pests like the B. tabaci species complex. Three different diagnostic techniques were used to identify B. tabaci putative species based on mtCOI gene. All the collected samples of B. tabaci species complex were identified as Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) putative species.

Reproductive incompatibility among genetic groups of Bemisia tabaci supports the proposition that the whitefly is a cryptic species complex

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xu ◽  
P.J. De Barro ◽  
S.S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Crossing Experiments ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Reproductive Incompatibility ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

AbstractThe worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci has long been recognized. However, whether B. tabaci is a complex species or a species complex has been a subject of debate. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that B. tabaci is a cryptic species complex composed of at least 24 morphologically indistinguishable species. Here, we conducted crossing experiments and demonstrated reproductive incompatibility among three of the 24 putative species. Our data and those of previously reported crossing experiments among various putative species of B. tabaci were collated to reveal the pattern of reproductive isolation. The combined results provide strong support to the proposition that B. tabaci is a cryptic species complex.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of whitefly (Bemisia spp.) on crop and uncultivated plants in Uganda: implications for the control of this devastating pest species complex in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibu Mugerwa ◽  
John Colvin ◽  
Titus Alicai ◽  
Christopher A. Omongo ◽  
Richard Kabaalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Plant Hosts

AbstractOver the past three decades, highly increased whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) populations have been observed on the staple food crop cassava in eastern Africa and associated with ensuing viral disease pandemics and food insecurity. Increased whitefly numbers have also been observed in other key agricultural crops and weeds. Factors behind the population surges on different crops and their interrelationships are unclear, although in cassava they have been associated with specific populations within the Bemisia tabaci species complex known to infest cassava crops in Africa. This study carried out an in-depth survey to understand the distribution of B. tabaci populations infesting crops and uncultivated plant hosts in Uganda, a centre of origin for this pest complex. Whitefly samples were collected from 59 identified plant species and 25 unidentified weeds in a countrywide survey. Identities of 870 individual adult whiteflies were determined through mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences (651 bp) in the 3′ barcode region used for B. tabaci systematics. Sixteen B. tabaci and five related whitefly putative species were identified based on > 4.0% nucleotide divergence, of which three are proposed as novel B. tabaci putative species and four as novel closely related whitefly species. The most prevalent whiteflies were classified as B. tabaci MED-ASL (30.5% of samples), sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1, 22.7%) and Bemisia Uganda1 (12.1%). These species were also indicated to be the most polyphagous occurring on 33, 40 and 25 identified plant species, respectively. Multiple (≥ 3) whitefly species occurred on specific crops (bean, eggplant, pumpkin and tomato) and weeds (Sida acuta and Ocimum gratissimum). These plants may have increased potential to act as reservoirs for mixed infections of whitefly-vectored viruses. Management of whitefly pest populations in eastern Africa will require an integration of approaches that consider their degree of polyphagy and a climate that enables the continuous presence of crop and uncultivated plant hosts.

Forest Management In Mongolia – A Review Of Challenges And Lessons Learned With Special Reference To Degradation And Deforestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar ◽  
Daniel Karthe ◽  
Hoduck Kang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Driven System ◽  
The Status

The natural conditions, climate change and socio-economic challenges related to the transformation from a socialistic society towards a market-driven system make the implementation of sustainable land management practices in Mongolia especially complicated. Forests play an important role in land management. In addition to providing resources and ecosystem functions, Mongolian forests protect against land degradation.We conducted a literature review of the status of forest management in Mongolia and lessons learned, with special consideration to halting deforestation and degradation. We grouped our review into seven challenges relevant to developing regionally adapted forest management systems that both safeguard forest health and consider socio-economic needs. In our review, we found that current forest management in Mongolia is not always sustainable, and that some practices lack scientific grounding. An overwhelming number of sources noticed a decrease in forest area and quality during the last decades, although afforestation initiatives are reported to have increased. We found that they have had, with few exceptions, only limited success. During our review, however, we found a number of case studies that presented or proposed promising approaches to (re-)establishing and managing forests. These studies are further supported by a body of literature that examines how forest administration, and local participation can be modified to better support sustainable forestry. Based on our review, we conclude that it is necessary to integrate capacity development and forest research into holistic initiatives. A special focus should be given to the linkages between vegetation cover and the hydrological regime.

scholarly journals Bemisia tabaci Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 Interacts with Begomoviruses and Plays a Role in Virus Acquisition

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Yun-Yun Fan ◽  
Yu-Wei Zhong ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yao Chi ◽  
Sophie Bouvaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector

Begomoviruses cause substantial losses to agricultural production, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and are exclusively transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transmission of begomoviruses by their whitefly vector are not clear. In this study, we found that B. tabaci vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (BtVAMP2) interacts with the coat protein (CP) of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), an emergent begomovirus that seriously impacts tomato production globally. After infection with TYLCV, the transcription of BtVAMP2 was increased. When the BtVAMP2 protein was blocked by feeding with a specific BtVAMP2 antibody, the quantity of TYLCV in B. tabaci whole body was significantly reduced. BtVAMP2 was found to be conserved among the B. tabaci species complex and also interacts with the CP of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV). When feeding with BtVAMP2 antibody, the acquisition quantity of SLCMV in whitefly whole body was also decreased significantly. Overall, our results demonstrate that BtVAMP2 interacts with the CP of begomoviruses and promotes their acquisition by whitefly.

scholarly journals An integrative approach to discovering cryptic species within the Bemisia tabaci whitefly species complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Vyskočilová ◽  
Wee Tek Tay ◽  
Sharon van Brunschot ◽  
Susan Seal ◽  
John Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Integrative Approach

Heteroplasmy due to coexistence of mtCOI haplotypes from different lineages of theThrips tabacicryptic species group

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Gawande ◽  
S. Anandhan ◽  
A.A. Ingle ◽  
Alana Jacobson ◽  
R. Asokan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Putative Species

AbstractHeteroplasmy is the existence of multiple mitochondrial DNA haplotypes within the cell. Although the number of reports of heteroplasmy is increasing for arthropods, the occurrence, number of variants, and origins are not well studied. In this research, the occurrence of heteroplasmy was investigated inThrips tabaci, a putative species complex whose lineages can be distinguished by their mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. The results from this study showed that heteroplasmy was due to the occurrence of mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase I (mtCOI) haplotypes from two differentT. tabacilineages. An assay using flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR was then used to quantify the per cell copy number of the two mtCOI haplotypes present in individuals exhibiting heteroplasmy from nine geographically distant populations in India. All of theT. tabaciindividuals in this study were found to exhibit heteroplasmy, and in every individual the per cell copy number of mtCOI from lineage 3 comprised 75–98% of the haplotypes detected and was variable among individuals tested. There was no evidence to suggest that the presense of lineage-specific haplotypes was due to nuclear introgression; however, further studies are needed to investigate nuclear introgression and paternal leakage during rare interbreeding between individuals from lineages 2 and 3.

scholarly journals Nationwide survey reveals high diversity of Fusarium species and related mycotoxins in Brazilian rice: 2014 and 2015 harvests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia Mara Moreira ◽  
Camila Primieri Nicolli ◽  
Larissa Bitencourt Gomes ◽  
Claudigo Ogoshi ◽  
Klaus K. Scheuermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Status ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
High Diversity

Ninety three samples of rice were obtained from research and commercial plots at eight rice-producing regions of Brazil and analyzed for the presence of Fusarium species and 14 mycotoxins. A total of 352 isolates belonging to Fusarium genus were obtained from 85 % of the samples. These were assigned to four species complexes (SC) based on morphological identification. The most frequent SC detected was F. incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC, 32.4 %) followed by F. fujikuroi (FFSC, 26.1 %), F. graminearum (FGSC, 24.7 %) and F. chlamydosporum (FCSC, 16.8 %). FGSC was limited geographically and dominant in the southern subtropical production regions while the others occurred in all regions, particularly FIESC, the most widespread among them. The samples were individually contaminated with three to eight mycotoxins. The most common mycotoxins detected were zearalenone (ZEA), beauvericin, and acetylated forms of deoxynivalenol (AcDON). Other toxins included enniatins, T-2, HT-2, DON, neosolaniol and moniliformin. The concentration levels were all below the Brazilian promulgated limits established only for DON (< 750 ppb), and ZEA (< 100 ppb) with one exception for the latter. Most toxins were found in both the husk and flour fractions, but AcDON tended to concentrate more in the husk. Our survey extends considerable our knowledge of the Fusarium complexes infecting rice and provides an update on the status of rice mycotoxin contamination at the country level, which can be considered generally safe. However, attention should be paid to the widespread contamination of beauvericin.

scholarly journals DNA barcode identification of commercial fish sold in Mexican markets

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sarmiento-Camacho ◽  
Martha Valdez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
The Status

The substitution of high-value fish species for those of lower value is common practice. Although numerous studies have addressed this issue, few have been conducted in Mexico. In this study, we sought to identify fresh fillets of fish, sharks, and rays using DNA barcodes. We analyzed material from “La Viga” in Mexico City, and other markets located on the Gulf and Caribbean coasts of Mexico. From 134 samples, we obtained sequences from 129, identified to 9 orders, 28 families, 38 genera, and 44 species. The most common species were Seriola dumerili, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus brevipinna, and Hypanus americanus. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was most commonly used as a substitute for higher-value species. The substitution rate was 18% of the total. A review of the conservation status of the specimens identified against the IUNC list enabled us to establish that some species marketed in Mexico are threatened: Makaira nigricans, Lachnolaimus maximus, Hyporthodus flavolimbatus, and Isurus oxyrinchus are classified as vulnerable; Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps and Sphyrna lewini are endangered; and the status of Hyporthodus nigritus is critical. These results will demonstrate to the Mexican authorities that DNA barcoding is a reliable tool for species identification, even when morphological identification is difficult or impossible.

Cardiovascular Surgery

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
PAUL ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Henry Ford Hospital ◽  
Cardiovascular Physiology ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Henry Ford

This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on Cardiovascular surgery held at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, March, 1955. As such, it includes papers by 60 world-known participants in the fields of cardiovascular physiology, diagnosis and surgical technique. In addition there are contributions from 17 discussants. Approximately a fifth of the volume is devoted to newer diagnostic techniques and clinicalanatomic correlations as related to adjustments between systemic and pulmonary circulations. The remaining portions of the book are devoted to historical aspects and present the status of surgery for various malformations of the heart.

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