Natural Resource Abundance, Renewable Energy, and Ecological Footprint Linkage in MENA Countries

Apart from being vulnerable to the menace created by climate change, the MENA countries consume more of non-renewable energy despite their resource endowments and great renewable energy potentials. Energy consumption, natural resource exploration and urbanization may add to environmental degradation since ecological distortions emanate from human activities. This study investigates the effects of the aforementioned variables on the ecological footprint in MENA countries. The findings confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and further reveal the negative impact of natural resource and economic growth on the environment. Renewable energy and urbanization reduce ecological footprint. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) were applied to obtain the country-specific results. Further findings suggest a feedback causality between urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint. Policy directions based on the findings are extensively discussed.

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The Impact of Economic Growth, Trade Openness and Technological Progress on Renewable Energy Use in Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Countries

10.31235/osf.io/wj45u ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Mahmudul Alam ◽

Wahid Murad

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Least Squares ◽

Technological Progress ◽

Energy Use ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Short Term

This study investigates the short-term and long-term impacts of economic growth, trade openness and technological progress on renewable energy use in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Based on a panel data set of 25 OECD countries for 43 years, we used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and the related intermediate estimators, including pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG) and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) to achieve the objective. The estimated ARDL model has also been checked for robustness using the two substitute single equation estimators, these being the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). Empirical results reveal that economic growth, trade openness and technological progress significantly influence renewable energy use over the long-term in OECD countries. While the long-term nature of dynamics of the variables is found to be similar across 25 OECD countries, their short-term dynamics are found to be mixed in nature. This is attributed to varying levels of trade openness and technological progress in OECD countries. Since this is a pioneer study that investigates the issue, the findings are completely new and they make a significant contribution to renewable energy literature as well as relevant policy development.

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The Impacts of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand

South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance ◽

10.1177/2277978720906066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 114-130

Author(s):

Chai-Thing Tan ◽

Azali Mohamed ◽

Muzafar Shah Habibullah ◽

Lee Chin

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Least Squares ◽

Least Squares Method ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Fiscal Policies ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

The Impact

This article analyses the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand from 1980:Q1 to 2017:Q1. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to determine the long-run relationship. Further, a range of econometric models, such as fully modified least squares method (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS), are applied to check the robustness. The results are stable and robust as all the models yield consistency result. The main findings in this study demonstrate that: (a) interest rate had a negative impact on economic growth in three selected countries. (b) Government spending had a negative impact on economic growth in Malaysia and Singapore, but had a positive impact in Thailand. (c) Monetary policy is more effective in Malaysia and Singapore, while fiscal policy is more effective in Thailand. JEL Classification: E52, E58, E62, C01

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The Impact of Public-Private Partnership Investment in Energy and Technological Innovation on Ecological Footprint: The Case of Pakistan

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131810085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 10085

Author(s):

Li Chunling ◽

Javed Ahmed Memon ◽

Tiep Le Thanh ◽

Minhaj Ali ◽

Dervis Kirikkaleli

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Least Squares ◽

Technological Innovation ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Ecological Footprint ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Public Private Partnership ◽

Private Partnership

This novel research looked into the role of public-private partnership investment in energy in affecting Pakistan’s long-term environmental sustainability. Employing time series data from 1992 to 2018 and utilizing the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) model, we found a long-term equilibrium association of ecological footprint with public-private partnership investment in energy, technological innovation, economic growth, and trade openness. Our outcomes showed a significant positive association between public-private partnership investment in energy and ecological footprint in the long-run and the short-run, specifying that the increase in public-private partnership investment in energy affects the environmental sustainability of Pakistan. Similarly, our study confirmed that technological innovation, economic growth, and trade openness increase the ecological footprint in Pakistan. It demonstrates that these factors are unfavorable to the sustainable environment in Pakistan. Furthermore, robustness check findings are analogous to the results of ARDL estimates, utilizing dynamic ordinary least squares and fully modified ordinary least squares. On the basis of the research conclusions, a multi-pronged sustainable development goal (SDG) model was proposed that addresses SDG 8 and SDG 13 while incorporating SDG 17 as a medium.

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Fresh Validation of the Low Carbon Development Hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14010250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente ◽

Nuno Carlos Leitão ◽

Festus Victor Bekun

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Least Squares ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Cointegration Test ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Global Issues ◽

Income Per Capita ◽

Per Capita

The present study is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) that address pertinent global issues. This study focuses on the need for access to clean and affordable energy consumption, responsible energy consumption, sustainable economic growth, and climate change mitigation. To this end, this paper evaluates the relevance of the renewable energy sector on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain for the period 1995–2015. As an econometric strategy, we adopt the use of panel data over the highlighted countries. In the first step, we apply the unit root test recommended by Levin, Lin, and Chu in conjunction with ADF-Fisher, and Phillips-Perron for robustness and consistency. We found that the variables used in this study are integrated I (1) in the first difference. In the second step, we apply the Pedroni cointegration test, and Kao Residual cointegration test, and we observe that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The generalized least squares (GLS), the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), ordinary least squares robust (OLS), and panel quantile regression are considered in this research. The econometric results validate the assumption of the environmental Kuznets curve, i.e., and there is a positive correlation between income per capita and a negative effect of squared income per capita on carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast, we observe that renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions. Finally, we also find a direct connection between the urban population and the environmental degradation in the examined blocs. These results show that in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain, more is required to achieve environmental sustainability in the respective countries growth trajectory. Further policy prescriptions are appended in the concluding section of this study.

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Investigating the Dynamic Impact of FDI Inflows and Economic Growth on Environmental Degradation: Evidence From FMOLS and DOLS for Selected Asian Countries

International Organisations Research Journal ◽

10.17323/1996-7845-2021-03-08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 183-202

Author(s):

Hamad Hasul Khan ◽

◽

Siti Rahyla Rahmat ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Least Squares ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Long Run

The study examines the dynamic relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, economic growth, and environmental degradation and investigates the long-run validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) for selected Asian countries over the period 1990–2019. Additionally, this study aims to discover the longrun impact of energy consumption, globalization, and population density on environmental degradation by employing a panel cointegration approach, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). The findings provide clear evidence of the existence of EKC and PHH in Asian countries for the period 1990–2019 in the long run. The findings reveal that economic growth has a highly significant and positive role in depleting environmental quality, but this effect gets reversed in the long run as, after a certain turning point, economic growth increases, and the quality of the environment gets better. Moreover, FDI inflows and energy consumption have a positive long-run impact on CO2 emissions, thus contributing to environmental degradation. The study recommends that governments and policymakers should strategically devise and implement CO2 reduction policies, such as carbon pricing, to encourage economic growth and to improve the quality of the environment, with the ultimate goal being to achieve sustainable development. Moreover, the use of cleaner energy should be promoted, and innovations and technological developments should be encouraged for hydropower, wind power, solar energy and other facilities around the world.

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The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Panel Cointegration Approach in the Middle East and North Africa Countries (1980-2017)

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2019 ◽

10.36880/c11.02296 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman Esaa ◽

Harun Bal ◽

Erhan İşcan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Panel Data ◽

Middle East ◽

Least Squares ◽

North Africa ◽

Panel Cointegration ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Mena Countries ◽

Empirical Results ◽

Growth Hypothesis

This study examines the hypothesis of the Export-Led Growth in the seven selected Middle East and North Africa countries, the hypothesis state that export growth driven by export promotion policies enhances overall economic growth. Empirical investigations have tended to focus attention on the direction of causality between exports and economic growth using Granger causality tests. However, the empirical results based on these tests are, at best, mixed and often contradictory. The paper employs panel data analysis by utilizing the Pedroni panel cointegration, Pedroni Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Fully Modify Ordinary Least Squares, and Canning-Pedroni causality methods, a recent development in panel data econometrics, properties of integration and cointegration and consistency of parameters. The study considers the following three variables; Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real exports (EXP) and Real import (IMP). Annual secondary data are obtained from the World Bank Development Indicator for seven MENA countries, Namely, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar. The empirical results emphasize the existence of a positive relationship between Export and GDP. Results of waled and Z-bar Group statistics indicate the long-run unidirectional causality between Export and GDP, operates from Export to the GDP. It confirms the validity of Export-led growth hypothesis of the seven selected MENA countries. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; these countries should focus more on supporting export orientated industries through aid-for-trade, trade-capacity building schemes and other types of policies in order to promote economic growth.

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The Role of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Globalization in Environmental Degradation: Empirical Evidence from the BRICS Region

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1924

Author(s):

Habib Ur Rahman ◽

Umer Zaman ◽

Jarosław Górecki

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Least Squares ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Panel Cointegration ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Annual Data ◽

Long Run

This paper examines the effect of energy consumption, globalization, and economic growth on the CO2 emission of the BRICS (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa) region. Using annual data from 1989 to 2019, this research applies a panel cointegration approach. In this framework, we use Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) methods to examine the long-run relationship between the selected variables. This empirical investigation reveals that there is a long-run association between these variables, and energy consumption positively and significantly affects the carbon emission in these countries. These results indicate that energy consumption is the primary source of environmental degradation in the region. In contrast, the globalization (KOF Index of Globalization) negatively and significantly affects the carbon emission, implying the improvement of environmental quality. Further, this research could not find the presence of environmental Kuznets curve in the region. Policy guidelines are suggested in the line of findings.

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The Relationship between Economic Growth and Pollution in Some New European Union Member States: A Dynamic Panel ARDL Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092363 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2363

Author(s):

Mihaela Simionescu ◽

Carmen Beatrice Păuna ◽

Mihaela-Daniela Vornicescu Niculescu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Renewable Energy Consumption ◽

Panel Ardl ◽

Domestic Credit ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Considering the necessity of achieving economic development by keeping the quality of the environment, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of economic growth on GHG emissions in a sample of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (V4 countries, Bulgaria and Romania) in the period of 1996–2019. In the context of dynamic ARDL panel and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), the relationship between GHG and GDP is N-shaped. A U-shaped relationship was obtained in the renewable Kuznets curve (RKC). Energy consumption, domestic credit to the private sector, and labor productivity contribute to pollution, while renewable energy consumption reduces the GHG emissions. However, more efforts are required for promoting renewable energy in the analyzed countries.

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Analysis of the New Kuznets Relationship: Considering Emissions of Carbon, Methanol, and Nitrous Oxide Greenhouse Gases—Evidence from EU Countries

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18062907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2907

Author(s):

Mara Madaleno ◽

Victor Moutinho

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Least Squares ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Ekc Hypothesis ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

The Eu

Decreased greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are urgently needed in view of global health threat represented by climate change. The goal of this paper is to test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, considering less common measures of environmental burden. For that, four different estimations are done, one considering total GHG emissions, and three more taking into account, individually, the three main GHG gases—carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane gas (CH4)—considering the oldest and most recent economies adhering to the EU27 (the EU 15 (Old Europe) and the EU 12 (New Europe)) separately. Using panel dynamic fixed effects (DFE), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) techniques, we validate the existence of a U-shaped relationship for all emission proxies considered, and groups of countries in the short-run. Some evidence of this effect also exists in the long-run. However, we were only able to validate the EKC hypothesis for the short-run in EU 12 under DOLS and the short and long-run using FMOLS. Confirmed is the fact that results are sensitive to models and measures adopted. Externalization of problems globally takes a longer period for national policies to correct, turning global measures harder and local environmental proxies more suitable to deeply explore the EKC hypothesis.

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Does the Increase in Renewable Energy Influence GDP Growth? An EU-28 Analysis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14164762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4762

Author(s):

Daniela Nicoleta Sahlian ◽

Adriana Florina Popa ◽

Raluca Florentina Creţu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Panel Analysis ◽

Renewable Sources ◽

Per Capita ◽

Near Future ◽

The Eu

The aim of our study was to analyze whether the increase in the use of renewable energy can help GDP growth. The research carried out shows that renewable energy has the ability to decrease or neutralize the negative impact of greenhouse gases (GHG), but also to maintain economic growth. We focused our analysis on the EU-28 as we know that the EU Commission’s aim, in the near future, is to join forces to reduce the GHG used and move to renewable sources. We used a panel analysis with data between 2000 and 2019 from all Member States, and our results showed that their economic growth is influenced positively by the production of renewable energy, the GHG per capita, and the GHG intensity per GDP.

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