Do family duties influence the labour market participation? Case of Poland

Economic activity is an important issue, and it depends on many determinants. The aim of our research is the identification of the most important factors which affect the female and male employees’ worktime in Poland. The research is provided on the basis of individual data, originating from Polish Labour Force Survey. In our study, we estimate econometric models, which are built for: the whole sample and separately for women and men. The models describe number of working hours provided by employees (in a month prior to the survey), which is explained by the characteristics of the employee and workplace. In the study we found out that there are different effects of distinguished factors to the male and female employees’ activity. These differences are especially visible for the variables related to respondents’ family situation, education level and occupation.

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Helpt kinderopvang de herintreding van moeders stimuleren?

Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken ◽

10.5117/2006.022.003.007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Didier Fouarge

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Young Children ◽

Labour Market ◽

Significant Role ◽

Labour Force ◽

Market Participation ◽

Labour Market Participation ◽

Regional Demand ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Formal Childcare

Does more childcare stimulate mothers to re-enter the labour market? Does more childcare stimulate mothers to re-enter the labour market? Previous research has shown that the supply of formal childcare facilities has a positive effect on the labour market participation of mothers with young children. When the supply of childcare facilities is higher, the probability that a female keeps on working after the birth of a child is larger. But does childcare also helps non-working mothers to join the labour force? This research shows that it is not the case. The research was carried out on administrative panel data to which data on the regional supply of childcare and the regional demand for labour were matched. It shows that the supply of childcare does not play a significant role in the re-entry in the labour market of mothers. The age of the child and the demand for labour in the region play an important role.

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Jobs calculator – a tool for short-term forecasting of changes in the labour market

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.0457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 31-45

Author(s):

Maria Bieć ◽

Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak ◽

Paweł Kaczorowski ◽

Robert Pater

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Labour Force ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Professional Activity ◽

Labour Force Survey ◽

Labour Market Participation ◽

Employment Rates ◽

Short Term Forecasting ◽

The Relationship

The aim of the article is to present a modified and extended version of a jobs calculator – a tool used to perform simulations of the relationship between the unemployment and employment rates while adopting different assumptions regarding the potential trends in Poles’ professional activity and in shaping the size of Poland’s population. The user of the calculator sets the value of the target unemployment rate, and the tool calculates the number of jobs whose creation and filling would be necessary to obtain the desired level of the unemployment rate. The current version of the jobs calculator application has been enhanced compared to the original one in such a way that it allows modifying parameters characterizing the labour market (the labour market participation rate and the rate of the population growth) and creating forecasts within a defined time span. The calculator utilises data from the Labour Force Survey. The paper presents labour market forecasts until 2022 as well as the results of a simulation performed on the data from Labour Force Survey for the 3rd quarter of 2018.

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Effects of Generational Competition and Substitution on Late Labour Participation and Labour Market Exit from a Multilevel Perspective

Comparative Population Studies ◽

10.12765/cpos-2013-21 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Henriette Engelhardt ◽

Christopher Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Older Workers ◽

Labour Force ◽

Cohort Size ◽

Market Participation ◽

Early Exit ◽

Market Structures ◽

Highly Educated ◽

Labour Market Participation ◽

Negative Effect

In this paper, we investigate the effects of demographic, economic and labour market structures on labour market participation and on the transition to inactivity (exit) for older males in eleven European countries. Theoretically, our analysis is guided by considerations of intragenerational competition and intergenerational substitution. Following Easterlin’s hypothesis that intragenerational competition rises with cohort size, we assume a negative effect of cohort size on labour market participation and a positive effect on early exit from the labour market. Taking into account that different cohorts are substitutes at least to a certain extent, we assume that the probability of an early exit will be reduced by a high intergenerational exchange ratio in favour of older workers. Thus, labour market participation is influenced by the populations’ age structure both when entering the labour force and during the career. Moreover, low shares of graduates in older cohorts are expected to reduce older workers’ chances of labour market participation. In addition to demographic structures, general economic conditions, such as per capita GDP and its development over time, act both to further and to hamper the employment of older workers. Additionally, labour market structures, such as unemployment rates, the extent of part-time work or the amount of service jobs influence individual participation and the transition to inactivity. To test these hypotheses, we use merged data from the first two waves of SHARE and macro-level indicators from Eurostat. We estimate a two-level random-intercept logit model which allows us to determine the share of variance in international late careers that can be attributed to country-specific factors and can quantify the relative impact of specific socio-demographic and socio-economic backgrounds. Our results imply that cross-national variance in labour market participation is mainly driven by the instance of long-term unemployment and the share of highly-educated older men. While our analyses reveal some evidence of intragenerational competition, we do not find evidence of intergenerational competition forcing early exit or decreasing participation.

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Implications of Citizenship Discourse on Female Labour Force Participation

Discourse Analysis as a Tool for Understanding Gender Identity, Representation, and Equality - Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0225-8.ch002 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 25-49

Author(s):

Masreka Khan

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Market Participation ◽

Female Labour ◽

Labour Market Participation ◽

The Uk

Immigrant women's labour market participation remains a long standing concern in the context of developed countries. Bangladeshi women are persistently reported to be one of the lowest participant groups in formal labour market in the UK. Where there is plethora of research to point out this fact, hardly any persuasive explanation is offered to unfold the phenomenon. The intrinsic bond between the rhetoric of citizenship and identities as immigrant is blurred in the surge of literatures. In this milieu, present chapter contributes to develop the understanding of the complex notion of citizenship and its implication in labour market participation, broadly on immigrant women and narrowly on Bangladeshi immigrant women. It reveals how ‘identity shaped by citizenship discourse' influences one of the important indicators of economic empowerment - market participation.

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Implications of Citizenship Discourse on Female Labour Force Participation

Immigration and the Current Social, Political, and Economic Climate ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6918-3.ch026 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 474-492

Author(s):

Masreka Khan

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Market Participation ◽

Female Labour ◽

Labour Market Participation ◽

The Uk

Immigrant women's labour market participation remains a long standing concern in the context of developed countries. Bangladeshi women are persistently reported to be one of the lowest participant groups in formal labour market in the UK. Where there is plethora of research to point out this fact, hardly any persuasive explanation is offered to unfold the phenomenon. The intrinsic bond between the rhetoric of citizenship and identities as immigrant is blurred in the surge of literatures. In this milieu, present chapter contributes to develop the understanding of the complex notion of citizenship and its implication in labour market participation, broadly on immigrant women and narrowly on Bangladeshi immigrant women. It reveals how ‘identity shaped by citizenship discourse' influences one of the important indicators of economic empowerment - market participation.

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Child Care Reform and Labour Market Participation by Women

Australasian Journal of Early Childhood ◽

10.1177/183693919802300302 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pru Goward

Keyword(s):

Child Care ◽

Young Children ◽

Labour Market ◽

Labour Force ◽

Causal Link ◽

Market Participation ◽

Children's Services ◽

Participation Of Women ◽

Labour Market Participation ◽

The Relationship

Reforms to the Commonwealth Government's Children's Services Program in the 1996 and 1997 Budgets have attracted considerable comment. Much of this comment has been predicated on the basis of a direct and causal link between changes to child care and changes in the participation of women with young children in the labour force. Evidence of changes to the labour market participation of women is very limited. Furthermore, the relationship between the labour market participation of women and child care is complicated by a range of other influences which makes drawing simple conclusions difficult.

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Retirement or committed to work?

Employee Relations ◽

10.1108/01425451211183273 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 80-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Andrea Winkelmann‐Gleed

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Older Workers ◽

Labour Force ◽

Political Agenda ◽

Market Participation ◽

Content Type ◽

Work Related ◽

Working Lives ◽

Positive Elements ◽

Labour Market Participation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a UK older worker's perspective on the influences of multiple work and non‐work related commitments on their decision to extend working lives or to retire. As demographic change and economic challenges related to the financing of health care and pension plans affect retirement policies, this paper seeks to explore the individual worker's perspective. Their choice is framed by seeking to balance financial security in later life with the positive elements of work and the desire to match work with other commitments, something hardly taken into consideration by employers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper combines findings from existing research studies and UK based, semi‐structured interviews conducted as part of two ESF (European Social Fund) funded projects aiming at extending labour market participation for older workers. Key areas, such as retirement planning, training, flexibility and health are explored and the organisational identities/commitment literature provides a conceptual framework for understanding the push and pull factors associated with labour market exit among the over 50s.FindingsFundamental to the success of changes in government pension policies in terms of extending labour market participation of older workers is the element of individual agency rather than a view of victimisation. Viewing older workers as the ones who have to pay for increasing life expectancy by working longer could lead to people staying in work for the wrong reasons, negatively affecting productivity and job satisfaction. The discussion and conclusion stress the need for deeper understanding of work as one contributor to overall quality of life.Originality/valueThe political agenda to prolong working lives is principally driven by economic arguments. However, for any future policies to lead to an intrinsic motivation to want to remain in work, the voices of older workers express the desire to combine work with non‐work related commitments and identities. Achieving such balance could benefit the whole labour force.

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Partner effects on labour market participation and job level: opposing mechanisms

Work Employment and Society ◽

10.1177/0950017009344909 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 635-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ellen Verbakel ◽

Paul M. de Graaf

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Financial Incentives ◽

Large Scale ◽

Labour Force ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Working Hours ◽

Market Participation ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Job Level ◽

Labour Market Participation

This study investigates to what extent a partner’s career resources affect labour market par ticipation and job level. Theories on this topic predict opposing par tner effects: economic theory expects a negative relationship due to financial incentives, whereas a positive relationship can be expected from a social capital point of view. In order to test these opposing mechanisms properly, (a) labour market outcomes are decomposed into labour market participation and job level, and (b) a historical perspective is introduced. Large scale labour force surveys conducted by Statistics Netherlands from 1977 onwards show that a partner’s career resources have a negative influence on working hours and a positive influence on job level. Over birth cohorts, the negative effect on working hours has become stronger for males and weaker for females, whereas the positive effect on job level has decreased for both men and women.

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Signaling Similarity in the Icelandic Labour Market: How Can Immigrants Reduce Statistical Discrimination?

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v17i2.761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 349-356

Author(s):

Kari Kristinsson ◽

Margret Sigrun Sigurdardottir

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Immigrant Integration ◽

Statistical Discrimination ◽

Hiring Decisions ◽

Market Participation ◽

Job Experience ◽

Labour Market Participation ◽

Signal Similarity

Research on immigration has emphasized the role that statistical discrimination plays in hiring decisions. A better understanding of how immigrants overcome this type of discrimination might lead to better interventions to improve their labour market participation. In this paper, we use qualitative interviews to examine how immigrants can reduce statistical discrimination by signalling their similarity to employers in their job applications. Specifically, we find that immigrants who demonstrate signal similarity to employers in the type of education, job experience and religion tend to reduce their statistical discrimination by employers. We suggest how further research can build on these results to provide possible tools for immigrant integration.

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