scholarly journals HELICAL STRUCTURE OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS: GAUSSIAN G4 THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
L.K. Rogers- Bennett ◽  
◽  
D.W. Rogers ◽  
A.A. Zavitsas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Free Energy Of Formation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Show Evidence

Molecular modeling of lipids has been hampered by the size of these complex, biologically important molecules. Yet, understanding the structure and energy (enthalpy) of large molecules is critical to identifying their function in chemical equilibrium and transition state theory. In this work, we use both experimental data and G4 computed results, to show that cis polyunsaturated lipids have helical conformers. We present linear functions for the enthalpy of formation ΔfH°298 and the Gibbs free energy of formation ΔfG°298 as a function of n, where n is the number of carbon atoms in a linear carboxylic acid chain. Taking ΔfH°298 of a saturated acid as a starting point, we add the enthalpy of hydrogenation ΔhydH°298 at appropriate locations on the carbon chain to model polyunsaturated fatty acids. For example, taking eicosanoic acid (C20) as a saturated starting point, we add four enthalpies of cis-dehydrogenation (ΔhydH°298) to obtain arachidonic acid (eicosa-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-tetraenoic acid). We compare Gaussian-4 computational results, to show evidence of helical structure. We conclude that fatty acids can have helical conformers facilitating a broad range of biological functions. Keywords: G4 Calculations, Helix, Lipid, Molecular Structure, Thermochemistry

scholarly journals The Decrease of n-3 Fatty Acid Energy Percentage in an Equicaloric Diet Fed to B6C3Fe Mice for Three Generations Elicits Obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Hanbauer ◽  
Ignacio Rivero-Covelo ◽  
Ekrem Maloku ◽  
Adam Baca ◽  
Qiaoyan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Standard Diet

Feeding mice, over 3 generations, an equicaloric diet in which α-linolenic acid, the dietary precursor of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was substituted by linoleic acid, the dietary precursor of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, significantly increased body weight throughout life when compared with standard diet-fed mice. Adipogenesis observed in the low n-3 fatty acid mice was accompanied by a 6-fold upregulation of stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), whose activity is correlated to plasma triglyceride levels. In total liver lipid and phospholipid extracts, the sum of n-3 fatty acids and the individual longer carbon chain acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) were significantly decreased whereas arachidonic acid (20:4n6) was significantly increased. In addition, low n-3 fatty acid-fed mice had liver steatosis, heart, and kidney hypertrophy. Hence, reducing dietary α-linolenic acid, from 1.02 energy% to 0.16 energy% combined with raising linoleic acid intake resulted in obesity and had detrimental consequences on organ function.

scholarly journals Role and significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in nutrition in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Ristic ◽  
Gordana Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Starting Point

Introduction Hyperlipoproteinemia is a key factor in development of atherosclerosis, whereas regression of atherosclerosis mostly depends on decreasing the plasma level of total and LDL-cholesterol. Many studies have reported the hypocholesterolemic effect of linolenic acid. Types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Linoleic and ?-linolenic acids are essential fatty acids. The main sources of linoleic acid are vegetable seeds and of ?-linolenic acid - green parts of plants. ?-linolenic acid is converted to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Linoleic acid is converted into arachidonic acid competing with eicosapentaenoic acid in the starting point for synthesis of eicosanoids, which are strong regulators of cell functions and as such, very important in physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system. Eicosanoids derived from eicosapentaenoic acid have different biological properties in regard to those derived from arachidonic acid, i.e. their global effects result in decreased vasoconstriction platelet aggregation and leukocyte toxicity. Role and significant of PUFA The n-6 to n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food is very important, and an optimal ratio 4 to 1 in diet is a major issue. Traditional western diets present absolute or relative deficiency of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a ratio 15-20 to 1. In our diet fish and fish oil are sources of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Refined and processed vegetable oils change the nature of polyunsaturated fatty acids and obtained derivates have atherogenic properties.

Colour stability and lipid oxidation in M. longissimus dorsi from lambs fed oils or oilseeds rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
A. P. Moloney ◽  
F. Noci ◽  
C. Kennedy ◽  
M. O’Grady ◽  
J. P. Kerry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Lipid Stability ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Due to ruminal biohydrogenation, the increase in muscle polyunsaturated fatty acids (P) in ruminant tissue is small relative to dietary supply. Some biohydrogenation is desirable since conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), considered to have human health promoting properties, results from incomplete ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic acid and by tissue desaturation of ruminally derived trans-vaccenic acid (TVA). Noci et al., (2004) reported that controlling the rate of oil release from linseed and camelina to the rumen increased the efficiency of transfer of dietary P to tissue while allowing the production of CLA. Increasing the P concentration, in particular the longer carbon chain P, predispose lipids to oxidation which is believed to be linked to muscle pigment oxidation and consequently to colour instability. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the strategies used by Noci et al., (2004) to protect dietary lipids from ruminal biohydrogenation, on the colour and lipid stability of muscle.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of polyunsaturated fatty acids efficacy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Agnieszka M. Piróg-Balcerzak ◽  
Anna K. Bażyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Biernacka ◽  
Joanna Brągoszewska ◽  
Lidia Popek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Eat 26

Objective. Omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were tested in adolescent depression and in several neurodevelopmental disorders with partial success. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by deficiencies in fatty food intake and frequent comorbidity, including depressive and cognitive symptoms. Thus supplementation with PUFAs may be beneficial in this group of patients. The aim of the study was to assess whether PUFAs as an add-on treatment is associated with better improvement of body mass index (BMI) and psychopathological symptoms than placebo in patients with AN. Method. 61 female adolescent inpatients with AN were randomly allocated to omega–3 PUFAs supplementation or placebo for 10 weeks. Patients also participated in the behavioural programme and eclectic psychotherapy (treatment as usual, TAU). At baseline and follow-up visits, patients’ BMI and psychopathology were assessed with Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Patient Global Impression Scale (PGI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Results. After 10 weeks, both groups showed improvement in all parameters. Improvement in CGI scores was observed greater in placebo vs. PUFA-s group (p = 0.015) while other differences were not statistically significant. Omega–3 PUFAs supplementation appears not to be effective as an add-on treatment in inpatient adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Conclusions. The results should be analysed with caution due to small sample size and heterogeneity in TAU. As the TAU turned out to be highly effective, additional therapeutic effect of PUFA might not be visible. Nevertheless, that does not explain the tendency for better improvement in the placebo group.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytoestrogens modulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in raw 264.7 macrophages

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Shepherd ◽  
Jager Cassandre De ◽  
Abe Kasonga ◽  
Sumari Marais ◽  
Yuko Tousen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages

Metabolic immunomodulation: polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention of acute respiratory pathology in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
L.S. Ovcharenko ◽  
◽  
T.V. Slutskaya ◽  
A.A. Vertegel ◽  
T.G. Andrienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Respiratory Pathology
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document