scholarly journals Communicating Without Conventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-27
Author(s):  
Michael Tomasello

For obvious and very good reasons the study of human communication is dominated by the study of language. But from a psychological point of view, the basic structure of human communication – how it works pragmatically in terms of the intentions and inferences involved - is totally independent of language. The most important data here are acts of human communication that do not employ conventions. In situations in which language is for some reason not an option, people often produce spontaneous, non-conventionalized gestures, including most prominently pointing (deictic gestures) and pantomiming (iconic gestures). These gestures are universal among humans and unique to the species, and in human evolution they almost certainly preceded conventional communication, either signed or vocal. For prelinguistic infants to communicate effectively via pointing and pantomiming, they must already possess species-unique and very powerful skills and motivations for shared intentionality as pragmatic infrastructure. Conventional communication is then built on top of this infrastructure - or so I will argue.

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 500-515
Author(s):  
ZAHRAA AJILI ◽  

As a result of the global epidemiological reality, E-learning has become a necessity for advanced educational systems because universities are the backbone of scientific, economic, political and social development for all nations alike because they are a major source of minds, it is based on two main pillars, namely the teacher who is the foundation building block and the basic structure of the other pillar, which is the student who relies on his teacher in terms of his cognitive and scientific development in addition to psychological, educational and social guidance. As for the basic role that every student relies on, it is qualifying him to obtain the certificate, all of which is in the end in the interest of society, so a relationship is formed between the student and the teacher and the focus of which is the pedagogical interaction based on respect, care and exhortation to convey knowledge and abilities, whether by the student or the teacher. The current paper aims to formulate a vision for E-learning according to the perspective of training engineering planning (components, programs, financial capacity, implementation, follow-up, results and questionnaire) with pedagogical support based on the consistency of roles between the student and the teacher from the scientific and psychological point of view, and the psychological component is a fundamental factor in the success of Educational process. Key words: E-learning, Corona pandemic, Formation engineering, Pedagogy.


Author(s):  
Natalie Rodax ◽  
Markus Wrbouschek ◽  
Katharina Hametner ◽  
Sara Paloni ◽  
Nora Ruck ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 41-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Bispham

This paper focuses on the question of what music is, attempting to describe those features of music that generically distinguish it from other forms of animal and human communication — music's “design features”. The author suggests that music is generically inspired by musical motivation — an intrinsic motivation to share convergent intersubjective endstates - and is universally identifiable by the presence of musical pulse — a maintained and volitionally controlled attentional pulse — and/or musical pitch — a system for maintaining certain relationships between pitches. As such music's design features are viewed as providing an interpersonal framework for synchronous and group affective interaction. The implications of this approach to an evolutionary perspective on music and on arguments of the primary evolutionary functionality of musical abilities in human evolution are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Torsten Asselmeyer-Maluga

In this paper, we will present some ideas to use 3D topology for quantum computing. Topological quantum computing in the usual sense works with an encoding of information as knotted quantum states of topological phases of matter, thus being locked into topology to prevent decay. Today, the basic structure is a 2D system to realize anyons with braiding operations. From the topological point of view, we have to deal with surface topology. However, usual materials are 3D objects. Possible topologies for these objects can be more complex than surfaces. From the topological point of view, Thurston’s geometrization theorem gives the main description of 3-dimensional manifolds. Here, complements of knots do play a prominent role and are in principle the main parts to understand 3-manifold topology. For that purpose, we will construct a quantum system on the complements of a knot in the 3-sphere. The whole system depends strongly on the topology of this complement, which is determined by non-contractible, closed curves. Every curve gives a contribution to the quantum states by a phase (Berry phase). Therefore, the quantum states can be manipulated by using the knot group (fundamental group of the knot complement). The universality of these operations was already showed by M. Planat et al.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Alqaryouti ◽  
Ala Sadeq

The concept of evil has been researched since the Medieval era, leading to the conclusion that human beings have the freedom to choose good from bad, or evil from good. The origin of evil based on the religious teachings is Satan, who is described as the Rebel Angel, as explained by Dante in The Divine Comedy (Alighieri, 1957). Satan tempts human beings into sinning, as revenge against God for placing him in Hell. Based on the psychological point of view developed by Sigmund Freud, the source of evil is id which is distinctive (Freud, 1966). Villain motivations are driven by the tendency of the ego to make realistic decisions about meeting the unrealistic and unreasonable desires by the id. The other aspect that motivates villain actions include jealousy, anger and revenge, as indicated in the play. Shakespeare presents the villain character perfectly in his play Othello (1604) through Iago, whose main focus in life is to destroy others “So will I turn her virtue into pitch And out of her own goodness make the net That shall enmesh them all” (Shakespeare, 1993, p. 99). Through his manipulative skills, he makes the other characters trust him “Iago most honest” (Shakespeare, 1993, p. 75) and then fuel conflicts among them. Iago is motivated by anger, revenge and jealousy to commit the evil acts.


2020 ◽  
Vol S.I. (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Ana-Madalina Potcovaru ◽  

This article shows the impact of organizational stress on the human resources from the health system. The research wants to highlight the main stressors factors among the medical staff, physicians, and assistants from Târgoviște Emergency Hospital from Dâmbovița County and to determine if the organizational stress affects the personal life of the employees. Understanding the sources of stress and reducing them has a great impact on job satisfaction and on the relationship patient-physician. Also, the article presents the impact of the COVID-19 on the health care workers from a psychological point of view. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected global mental health.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Ema Fitria Agustina ◽  
Dewi Ulya Mailasari

<p>Abstract:SPOILED CHILDREN: PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS. The definition<br />of a spoiled child may be almost the same as a child who is overly protected<br />by his parents. But is it true that spoiled is synonymous with 'overprotected'?<br />This article attempts to examine spoiled children from a<br />psychological point of view, beginning with the definition or characteristics<br />of children with spoiled categories, future consequences, causal factors,<br />prevention, and solutions if it is already happen. Some parents do not<br />realize that they have spoiled their child. This becomes a problem that<br />must be solved. Spoiled child is a self-centered child, he does not care about<br />the needs of others. Being focused on him, he demands that everything be<br />fulfilled now and can not wait. Unconsciously by the parents actually the<br />behavior is caused by permissive parents because of the condition of<br />parents who are tired, working, and looking for easy. For the sake of the<br />child's future this should be prevented by the assertiveness and consistency<br />of the parents themselves.</p><p>Abstrak: Definisi anak yang manja mungkin hampir sama dengan anak<br />yang terlalu dilindungi oleh orang tuanya. Namun apakah benar bahwa<br />manja identik dengan ‘over-protected?’ Artikel ini mencoba menelaah<br />anak manja dari sudut psikologi, dimulai dari definisi atau ciri-ciri anak<br />dengan kategori manja, akibat di masa datang, faktor penyebab,<br />pencegahan, dan solusi jika itu sudah terjadi. Sebagian orang tua tidak<br />menyadari bahwa mereka telah memanjakan anak mereka. Ini menjadi<br />menjadi problem yang harus dicarikan jalan keluarnya. Anak manja<br />adalah anak yang terpusat pada dirinya sendiri, ia tidak peduli dengan<br />kebutuhan orang lain. Karena terpusat pada dirinya, ia menuntut segala<br />sesuatu terpenuhi sekarang dan tidak bisa menunggu. Tanpa disadari<br />oleh orang tua sebenarnya perilaku itu disebabkan oleh orang tua yang<br />permisif karena kondisi orang tua yang lelah, bekerja, dan mencari<br />mudahnya. Demi masa depan anak maka hal ini harus dicegah dengan<br />sikap ketegasan dan kekonsistenan dari orang tua itu sendiri.</p>


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