Quantifying Range-of-Motion Changes Across 4 Simulated Measurements of the Glenohumeral Joint Posterior Capsule: An Exploratory Cadaver Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Dashottar ◽  
John Borstad
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Posterior Capsule

Stretching Positions for the Posterior Capsule of the Glenohumeral Joint

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2014-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Izumi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Aoki ◽  
Takayuki Muraki ◽  
Egi Hidaka ◽  
Shigenori Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Reference Length ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Extension Strain ◽  
Scapular Plane

Background Various stretches have been introduced for the posterior shoulder; however, little quantitative analysis to measure stretching of the posterior capsule has been performed. Hypothesis The current shoulder stretching program is not sufficient to stretch the entire posterior capsule. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Using 8 fresh-frozen cadaver shoulders (average age, 82.4 years), 8 stretching positions for the posterior capsule were simulated by passive internal rotation. Stretching positions of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of elevation in the scapular plane; 60° of flexion; 60° of abduction; 30° of extension; and 60° of flexion and horizontal adduction were adopted. Strain was measured in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the capsule. The measurement of strain was instituted from reference length. Results With internal rotation, mean strain on the upper capsule was 3.02% at 0° of elevation and 3.35% at 30° of extension. Strain on the middle capsule at 0° and 30° elevation was 0.78% and 4.77%, respectively; on the lower capsule, it was 5.65% and 2.24% at 30° and 60° of elevation, respectively, and 2.88% at 30° of extension. Increase in strains of the upper, middle, and lower capsule with internal rotation at 0°, 30°, and 60° of elevation were statistically significant, respectively ( P < .01). Other shoulder positions demonstrated no positive strain values. Conclusions Based on the results of this cadaver study, large strains on the posterior capsule of the shoulder were obtained at a stretching position of 30° of elevation in the scapular plane with internal rotation for the middle and lower capsule, while a stretching position of 30° of extension with internal rotation was effective for the upper and lower capsule. Clinical Relevance The current posterior capsule stretching program of the shoulder was not sufficient to stretch the entire posterior capsule.

scholarly journals Posterior Glenohumeral Joint Capsule Contracture

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Dashottar ◽  
John Borstad
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Humeral Head ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Standard Techniques

Glenohumeral joint posterior capsule contracture may cause shoulder pain by altering normal joint mechanics. Contracture is commonly noted in throwing athletes but can also be present in nonthrowers. The cause of contracture in throwing athletes is assumed to be a response to the high amount of repetitive tensile force placed on the tissue, whereas the mechanism of contracture in nonthrowers is unknown. It is likely that mechanical and cellular processes interact to increase the stiffness and decrease the compliance of the capsule, although the exact processes that cause a contracture have not been confirmed. Cadaver models have been used to study the effect of posterior capsule contracture on joint mechanics and demonstrate alterations in range of motion and in humeral head kinematics. Imaging has been used to assess posterior capsule contracture, although standard techniques and quantification methods are lacking. Clinically, contracture manifests as a reduction in glenohumeral internal rotation and/or cross body adduction range of motion. Stretching and manual techniques are used to improve range of motion and often decrease symptoms in painful shoulders.

Effect of Posterior Capsule Tightness and Humeral Retroversion on 5 Glenohumeral Joint Range of Motion Measurements: A Cadaveric Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana P. Rosa ◽  
Paula R. Camargo ◽  
John D. Borstad
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Motion Measurements ◽  
Humeral Retroversion ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Joint Range

Background: Altered glenohumeral joint range of motion can be caused by increased humeral retroversion (HR) and/or posterior capsule tightness (PCT). To make informed clinical decisions, it is vital to understand how HR and PCT alterations, individually and in combination, affect joint range of motion measurements. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of experimental tissue alterations on clinical range of motion measures. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five clinical measurements were quantified in 8 fresh-frozen cadavers under 4 experimentally created conditions: baseline (no alterations), HR condition (20° increase in HR by transecting the bone), PCT condition (20% decrease in length via thermal energy), and PCT + HR combined. Clinical measurements included bicipital forearm angle, low flexion, glenohumeral internal and external rotation, and horizontal adduction. All measurements were taken by the same blinded tester. Separate 1-factor repeated measures analyses of variance were used to evaluate the effect of the alterations on each clinical measurement. Results: There was a significant main effect of condition for bicipital forearm angle ( P = .02, F = 4.03), low flexion ( P = .02, F = 3.86), internal rotation ( P = .03, F = 3.65), and external rotation ( P < .001, F = 15.15) but not for horizontal adduction ( P = .29, F = 1.33). The HR condition resulted in a decreased bicipital forearm angle of 16.1° and 15.8° as compared with the PCT and PCT + HR conditions, respectively. When compared with baseline, the PCT + HR condition decreased the low flexion test by 13.5°, and the HR condition decreased internal rotation range of motion by 14.2°. All conditions increased external rotation when compared with baseline. Conclusion: Greater measurement changes were noted in both HR conditions, suggesting that bony alterations influence motion to a greater extent than posterior capsule alterations. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be aware that humeral retroversion will influence the measurement of posterior shoulder tightness.

A bilateral comparison of posterior capsule thickness and its correlation with glenohumeral range of motion and scapular upward rotation in collegiate baseball players

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
Charles “Buz” Swanik ◽  
Jill S. Higginson ◽  
Thomas W. Kaminski ◽  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Bilateral Comparison ◽  
Collegiate Baseball ◽  
Capsule Thickness

Structural and mechanical properties of the glenohumeral joint posterior capsule

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bey ◽  
Shawn A. Hunter ◽  
Navin Kilambi ◽  
David L. Butler ◽  
Thomas N. Lindenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Posterior Capsule

Shoulder Range of Motion and Strength Characteristics in Circus Acrobats

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Carlie Huberman ◽  
Melissa Scales ◽  
Srikant Vallabhajosula
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Hand Dominance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
Shoulder Range

OBJECTIVES: To begin to establish normative data for shoulder range of motion (ROM) and strength in the circus acrobats and to compare these values based on age, sex, hand dominance, and acrobatic subgroup. METHODS: Active (AROM) and passive (PROM) of the full shoulder complex and PROM of the isolated glenohumeral joint were measured in 193 circus acrobats using standardized techniques for anterior elevation (flexion), posterior elevation (extension), lateral elevation (abduction), and external and internal rotation. Shoulder strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer in all planes of motion. Measurements were taken twice and averaged. Mixed ANOVA were performed. One-sample t-tests were used to compare with general population. RESULTS: Several significant differences were noted between dominant and non-dominant sides, but not between the sex or age groups tested. Acrobats who did both aerial and ground acrobatics had significantly greater full shoulder complex flexion AROM than the aerial group, and AROM extension than the ground group. Circus acrobats had significantly greater AROM full shoulder complex extension, abduction, internal and external rotation, and shoulder strength than the general population. CONCLUSION: Overall, results from this cross-sectional study revealed that circus acrobats had greater shoulder strength and ROM than the general population, which could affect the way these patients should be treated in a clinical setting. Age and sex seemed to have minimal effects, but there was clearly an effect of hand dominance. Acrobats who train both aerial and ground acrobatics may have greater ROM in certain planes than those who train in only one type of discipline.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF GLENOHUMERAL JOINT ROTATION RANGE OF MOTION IN YOUNG ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Felipe Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Gabriela G. Pavan Gonçalves ◽  
Deborah Rocha Reis ◽  
Izabel C. P Rohlfs ◽  
Luciana De Michelis Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Medial Rotation ◽  
Lateral Rotation ◽  
Overhead Throwing

ABSTRACT Introduction: Overhead-throwing athletes undergo changes in shoulder range of motion (ROM) due to sports activities, such as excessive amplitude, lateral rotation (LR) increase and medial rotation (MR) restriction. Asymmetry greater than 20° may render athletes more prone to injuries. There are similarities among sports featuring overhead throwing due to the considerable amount of movements involving maximum lateral rotation. In these sports, medial rotation (MR) restriction, excess of lateral rotation (LR) and shoulder pain are common, particularly in overhead-throwing athletes. Objective: To assess shoulder MR and LR ROM in athletes participating in different sports, considering the influence of these variables on injuries and functional performance. Methods: The rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint was assessed in 477 young athletes, who were categorized in three sports groups: swimming, overhead-throwing and non-overhead throwing, distributed by age group. Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) were performed to verify if there were differences in MR and LR between groups and paired Student t test was used to verify differences between sides (asymmetry). Results: Youngest athletes showed significant shorter LR than the oldest, in both sides. This study demonstrated that the right side has less MR and greater LR in all groups. Conclusion: The findings showed that overhead-throwing and swimming groups have similarities in shoulder rotation ROM. Level of evidence III; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

scholarly journals Vacuum phenomenon in the shoulder of a child

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e226724
Author(s):  
Partha Ray ◽  
Ian CC King ◽  
Philip Stephen William Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Left Clavicle ◽  
Plain Radiographs ◽  
Vacuum Phenomenon ◽  
Open Injury ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Greenstick Fracture

A 10-year-old boy struck a car bonnet following which his left shoulder got pinned under the wheel. No life-threatening injuries were identified. However, the patient sustained extensive abrasions to the back and the left shoulder, a closed deformity of the left clavicle and a swollen, but stable right knee. The patient was neurovascularly intact globally and all joints had a full range of motion. Plain radiographs suggested a possible greenstick fracture of the left clavicle, but also free gas within the left glenohumeral joint. Concern was raised of an unidentified open injury to the joint. CT was supportive of the finding of gas within the left glenohumeral joint, but ruled out the possible greenstick fracture as a spurious finding. There were no other injuries. The gas was within the left glenohumeral joint and was consistent with vacuum phenomenon. The injury was treated expectantly and the child made a full recovery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document