scholarly journals The Concept of Position and Positional Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Nechiporenko
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Specific Structure ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Objective Content ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper elaborates on and develops the concept of “position”. Drawing on the examples from the history of science and philosophy from G. Galileo to the works of the Moscow Methodological Circle in the second half of the 60s - early 70s of the 19th century the author considers the cultural phenomenon of positional thinking. Special attention is paid to the philosophy of I.G. Fichte. An assumption is made and substantiated that Fichte’s dialectics is a model of specifically positional thinking and provides a basis for determining the objective content of the concept of “position”. The paper also describes the context of the emergence of positional schemes, their specific structure and use in the works of MMK as a normative-logical apparatus, an alternative to formal logic. It also outlines the area of topical problems associated with the concept of “position”.

President, patron, friend and lover: Charles Montagu's significance to the history of science

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Rebekah Higgitt
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Political Career ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Summary This article examines the legacy of Charles Montagu, Lord Halifax, within the history of science. Although he was President of The Royal Society from 1695 to 1698, Montagu is best known for his political career and as a patron of the arts. As this article shows, Montagu's own scientific interests were limited and his chief significance to the history of science lies in his friendship with a later President, Isaac Newton. It is argued, firstly, that their relationship had important, though indirect, consequences for The Royal Society and, secondly, that its treatment by historians of science has been revealing of changing views of the status of science and its practitioners. Particular attention is given to the approaches of the first generation of Newtonian scholars and biographers in the 19th century.

scholarly journals The alienist: madness, science and parody

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Dino Del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The explanation of Simão Bacamarte’s personal and public dimensions introduces the diegetic scenario that aims to highlight the part played by madness as a pretext for social control. After recuperating the conditions to which senseless people submitted to in modern times, especially in France, we point to the hubris as relevant in the field of science, exemplifying it by using the intertextual link between The Alienist and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. During the conclusion, we aimed to show – after drawing a brief parallel between Simão and Brás Cubas – that Simão represents a parody of “the scientist”, a character that took shape with the evolution of the history of science and which was given unprecedented value after the 19th century.

scholarly journals Johannes Valentini Lucubrata opuscula poeticohistorica in unum collecta [Az éjjeli mécs világánál alkotott költői-történeti művecskéim egybegyűjtése] (1808) című kötetének őstörténeti vonatkozásai

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
László Szörényi
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
High Significance ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
Occasional Poetry ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

As a poet, the parish priest Johannes Valentini (Turčiansky Michal, 1756 – Kláštor pod Znievom, 1812) is very much tied to the other Neo-Latin priest-poets living in Hungary and the other countries of the Habsburg Empire by the tradition of laudation in occasional poetry, which flourished from the antiquity until the end of the 19th century and was a tool to praise or mourn religious superiors or secular patronising potentates. Valentini, however, is different from the other poets in his very extensive interest in prehistory. When he poeticises the history of the provostry of Thurocz, he engages in lengthy explanations which are far bigger in size than the poem itself, and are also supplemented with footnotes.From a viewpoint of history of science this approach is probably connected mostly to the research initiated by the Jesuit historian Georgius Papánek, but Valentini’s work – similarly to authors of all other nationalities of that time in the Kingdom of Hungary – of course contains mythical and legendary elements, to which he naturally utilizes the reports of antique Greek and Roman writers about Eastern-origin exotic peoples. The Nagykároly (Carei, Szatmár county)-based Ferdinandus Thomas, for example, derives the origin of Hungarians from Ethiops! But we can name examples from either Romanian or South Slav literatures.Valentini is of high significance, because in many ways he – with his poet colleagues, writing in Slovak or other language – clears the way for Orientalism, an important trend of European Romanticism.

scholarly journals On the Biological Term “Gene” in the History of Science

ENDOXA ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Kurt Plischke ◽  
Alfons Labisch
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Biological Principle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Contemporary philosophy of science sets the origins of the predominantattributes of the term “gene” in the year 1900 when Gregor Mendel’s work was rediscovered. Yet it was the speculative biology of the second half of the 19th century that opened up the epistemic sphere for a new conception of heredity: heredity as the transmission of particulate, hereditable material units with a tendency for self-preservation. The then young discipline of biology dissociated its terminology from the preconceptions of natural philosophy. In the early 20th century, the postulated hereditary particles were associated with the chromosome and, at least in the 1940s, with nucleic acid: which was being stable and, at the same time, mutable, as well as capable of self-reproduction, self-selectivity, and memory. DNA epitomizes the perfect biological principle. But the most recent conception of the gene is not free from anthropomorphisms.

scholarly journals The History of Bodybuilding: International and Hungarian Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Petra Németh ◽  
Andrea Gál
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Given

Bodybuilding is a scarcely investigated cultural phenomenon in social sciences, and, in particular, historiography despite the fact that its popularity both in its competitive and leisure form has been on the rise, especially since the 1950s. Development periods of this sport are mainly identified with those iconic competitors, who were the most dominant in the given era, and held the ‘Mr. Olympia’ title as the best bodybuilders. Nevertheless, sources reflecting on the evolution of organizational background and the system of competitions are more difficult to identify. It is similarly challenging to investigate the history of female bodybuilding, which started in the 19th century, but its real beginning dates back to the 1970s. For analysing the history of international bodybuilding, mainly American sources can be relied on, but investigating the Hungarian aspects is hindered by the lack of background materials. Based on the available sources, the objective of this study is to discover the development of the bodybuilding scene, its most important events and participants, from the beginning up to the present days.

scholarly journals On the Writing of History of Science in Brazil in the Second Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Henrique Barbosa de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Brazilian Science

The present article is elaborated in two parts. In the first part, we present a survey of authors and their works that throughout the second half of the 20th century, developed significant references for the history of science in Brazil, establishing and consolidating this field of studies in the country, with an exacerbated emphasis on the historical aspects that occurred in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. In the second part of the article, we present a concrete historical experience in the 19th century, in the province of Ceará, totally disregarded by the traditional and the current historiographic production of history of science. This situation ultimately raises the question: What is the history of Brazilian science? What are the determinants of the history of science in Brazil? To what extent is the history of science in Brazil national?

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