Postural Complexity Influences Development in Infants Born Preterm With Brain Injury: Relating Perception-Action Theory to 3 Cases

Background and Purpose Perception-action theory suggests a cyclical relationship between movement and perceptual information. In this case series, changes in postural complexity were used to quantify an infant's action and perception during the development of early motor behaviors. Case Description Three infants born preterm with periventricular white matter injury were included. Outcomes Longitudinal changes in postural complexity (approximate entropy of the center of pressure), head control, reaching, and global development, measured with the Test of Infant Motor Performance and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, were assessed every 0.5 to 3 months during the first year of life. All 3 infants demonstrated altered postural complexity and developmental delays. However, the timing of the altered postural complexity and the type of delays varied among the infants. For infant 1, reduced postural complexity or limited action while learning to control her head in the midline position may have contributed to her motor delay. However, her ability to adapt her postural complexity eventually may have supported her ability to learn from her environment, as reflected in her relative cognitive strength. For infant 2, limited early postural complexity may have negatively affected his learning through action, resulting in cognitive delay. For infant 3, an increase in postural complexity above typical levels was associated with declining neurological status. Discussion Postural complexity is proposed as a measure of perception and action in the postural control system during the development of early behaviors. An optimal, intermediate level of postural complexity supports the use of a variety of postural control strategies and enhances the perception-action cycle. Either excessive or reduced postural complexity may contribute to developmental delays in infants born preterm with white matter injury.

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Characteristics of Functional Stability in Young Adolescent Female Artistic Gymnasts

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2021-0051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59

Author(s):

Agnieszka Opala-Berdzik ◽

Magdalena Głowacka ◽

Kajetan J. Słomka

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

National Level ◽

Stability Limit ◽

Young Adolescent ◽

Quiet Standing ◽

Adolescent Female ◽

Functional Stability ◽

Postural Control System ◽

Stability Limits

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether young adolescent female artistic gymnasts demonstrate better functional stability than age- and sex-matched non-athletes. Different characteristics of the gymnasts’ postural control were expected to be observed. Twenty-two 10- to 13-year-old healthy females (ten national-level artistic gymnasts and twelve non-athletes) participated in the study. To assess their forward functional stability, the 30-s limit of stability test was performed on a force plate. The test consisted of three phases: quiet standing, transition to maximal forward leaning, and standing in the maximal forward leaning position. Between-group comparisons of the directional subcomponents of the root mean squares and mean velocities of the center of pressure and rambling-trembling displacements in two phases (quiet standing and standing in maximal leaning) were conducted. Moreover, anterior stability limits were compared. During standing in maximal forward leaning, there were no differences in the center of pressure and rambling measures between gymnasts and non-athletes (p > 0.05). The values of trembling measures in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions were significantly lower in gymnasts (p < 0.05). Both groups presented similar values for anterior stability limits (p > 0.05). The comparisons of rambling components may suggest a similar supraspinal control of standing in the maximal leaning position between gymnasts and healthy non-athletes. However, decreased trembling in gymnasts may indicate reduced noise in their postural control system possibly due to superior control processes at the spinal level. The anterior stability limit was not influenced by gymnastics training in female adolescents.

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164: Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a serum biomarker for the early identification of neonatal periventricular white matter injury in preterm neonates

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.182 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 206 (1) ◽

pp. S86

Author(s):

Amanda Stewart ◽

Jacky Jennings ◽

Aylin Tekes ◽

Huisman Thierry ◽

Frances Northington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽

Early Identification ◽

Acidic Protein ◽

White Matter Injury ◽

Serum Biomarker ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Periventricular White Matter

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525: Peripheral glucose levels at birth and diagnosis of periventricular white matter injury in premature neonates

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.691 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 208 (1) ◽

pp. S225

Author(s):

Sarahn Wheeler ◽

Elisabeth Nigrini ◽

Andrew Satin ◽

Michael Johnston ◽

Ernest Graham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

White Matter Injury ◽

Periventricular White Matter ◽

Premature Neonates ◽

Glucose Levels

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Center-of-Pressure Parameters Used in the Assessment of Postural Control

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.11.1.51 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

Riann M. Palmieri ◽

Christopher D. Ingersoll ◽

Marcus B. Stone ◽

B. Andrew Krause

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Postural Control ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Data Sources ◽

Postural Control System ◽

Type Data

Objective:To define the numerous center-of-pressure derivatives used in the assessment of postural control and discuss what value each might provide in the assessment of balance.Data Sources:MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched with the termsbalance, postural control, postural sway,andcenter of pressure. The remaining citations were collected from references of similar papers. A total of 67 references were studied.Conclusions:Understanding what is represented by each parameter used to assess postural control is crucial. At the present time the literature has failed to demonstrate how the variables reflect changes made by the postural-control system. Until it can be shown that the center of pressure and its derivatives actually reveal changes in the postural-control system, the value of using these measures to assess deficits in postural control is minimized.

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Periventricular White Matter Injury in the Premature Infant Is Associated with a Reduction in Cerebral Cortical Gray Matter Volume at Term

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199904020-02039 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽

pp. 343A-343A

Author(s):

Terrie E Inder ◽

Petra S Huppi ◽

Simon Warfield ◽

Ron Kikinis ◽

Gary P Zientara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Premature Infant ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

White Matter Injury ◽

Periventricular White Matter ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Cortical Gray Matter

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Attentional demands associated with augmented visual feedback during quiet standing

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.5101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e5101 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Krzysztof Kręcisz ◽

Michał Kuczyński

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Visual Feedback ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Quiet Standing ◽

Mean Power ◽

Mean Power Frequency ◽

Postural Control System ◽

Power Frequency ◽

Auditory Reaction Time ◽

Anterior Posterior

To investigate how additional visual feedback (VFB) affects postural stability we compared 20-sec center-of-pressure (COP) recordings in two conditions: without and with the VFB. Seven healthy adult subjects performed 10 trials lasting 20 seconds in each condition. Simultaneously, during all trials the simple auditory reaction time (RT) was measured. Based on the COP data, the following sway parameters were computed: standard deviation (SD), mean speed (MV), sample entropy (SE), and mean power frequency (MPF). The RT was higher in the VFB condition (p < 0.001) indicating that this condition was attention demanding. The VFB resulted in decreased SD and increased SE in both the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) planes (p < .001). These results account for the efficacy of the VFB in stabilizing posture and in producing more irregular COP signals which may be interpreted as higher automaticity and/or larger level of noise in postural control. The MPF was higher during VFB in both planes as was the MV in the AP plane only (p < 0.001). The latter data demonstrate higher activity of postural control system that was caused by the availability of the set-point on the screen and the resulting control error which facilitated and sped up postural control.

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Immediate effects of an approach in high cervical and occipitomastoidon postural control and mobility of individuals with parkinson’s disease: case series

Manual Therapy Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2016.14.0322 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Alexandre Rodrigues Severo ◽

Mateus Corrêa Silveira ◽

Carlos Bolli Mota ◽

Eduardo Costa Rhoden ◽

Nadiesca Taisa Filippin

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Postural Control ◽

Manual Therapy ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Lateral Displacement ◽

Case Series ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Disease Case ◽

High Cervical

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes impairments in postural control and mobility that affect the individual’s independence. Manual therapy has been used in the treatment of these disorders and can change mobility and postural control. Objective: To assess the immediate effects of an approach in high cervical and occipitomastoid on postural control and mobility of individuals with PD. Method: Three individuals with PD, females, aged 52 to 73 years, participated in this case series. Participants were assessed immediately before and after therapeutic intervention through releases of suboccipital muscles and occipitomastoid sutures. Trunk mobility, functional mobility and postural control (center of pressure parameters - COP) were evaluated. Results: All participants demonstrated improvements in trunk mobility. Participants 1 and 2 slightly improved functional mobility. Participants 1 and 2 showed a decrease in the medial-lateral displacement of the COP. All participants showed increases in at least one direction to the limits of stability. Conclusions: The results showed that the intervention appears more effective on trunk mobility. Variables related to postural control changed with no consistent pattern. Further studies could investigate the association of other manual therapy techniques and their effects on mobility and postural control in individuals with PD.

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Virtual-Reality-Induced Visual Perturbations Impact Postural Control System Behavior

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs9110113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harish Chander ◽

Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige ◽

Christopher M. Hill ◽

Alana J. Turner ◽

Shuchisnigdha Deb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Control System ◽

Postural Control ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Postural Control System ◽

Postural Responses ◽

The Impact

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is becoming a widespread tool in rehabilitation, especially for postural stability. However, the impact of using VR in a “moving wall paradigm” (visual perturbation), specifically without and with anticipation of the perturbation, is unknown. Methods: Nineteen healthy subjects performed three trials of static balance testing on a force plate under three different conditions: baseline (no perturbation), unexpected VR perturbation, and expected VR perturbation. The statistical analysis consisted of a 1 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA to test for differences in the center of pressure (COP) displacement, 95% ellipsoid area, and COP sway velocity. Results: The expected perturbation rendered significantly lower (p < 0.05) COP displacements and 95% ellipsoid area compared to the unexpected condition. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) sway velocity was also observed in the expected condition compared to the unexpected condition. Conclusions: Postural stability was lowered during unexpected visual perturbations compared to both during baseline and during expected visual perturbations, suggesting that conflicting visual feedback induced postural instability due to compensatory postural responses. However, during expected visual perturbations, significantly lowered postural sway displacement and area were achieved by increasing the sway velocity, suggesting the occurrence of postural behavior due to anticipatory postural responses. Finally, the study also concluded that VR could be used to induce different postural responses by providing visual perturbations to the postural control system, which can subsequently be used as an effective and low-cost tool for postural stability training and rehabilitation.

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Changed Temporal Structure of Neuromuscular Control, Rather Than Changed Intersegment Coordination, Explains Altered Stabilographic Regularity after a Moderate Perturbation of the Postural Control System

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e21060614 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 614 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Felix Wachholz ◽

Tove Kockum ◽

Thomas Haid ◽

Peter Federolf

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Postural Control ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Temporal Structure ◽

Force Plate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Postural Control System ◽

Temporal Regularity ◽

Postural Movement

Sample entropy (SaEn) applied on center-of-pressure (COP) data provides a measure for the regularity of human postural control. Two mechanisms could contribute to altered COP regularity: first, an altered temporal structure (temporal regularity) of postural movements (H1); or second, altered coordination between segment movements (coordinative complexity; H2). The current study used rapid, voluntary head-shaking to perturb the postural control system, thus producing changes in COP regularity, to then assess the two hypotheses. Sixteen healthy participants (age 26.5 ± 3.5; seven females), whose postural movements were tracked via 39 reflective markers, performed trials in which they first stood quietly on a force plate for 30 s, then shook their head for 10 s, finally stood quietly for another 90 s. A principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the kinematic data extracted the main postural movement components. Temporal regularity was determined by calculating SaEn on the time series of these movement components. Coordinative complexity was determined by assessing the relative explained variance of the first five components. H1 was supported, but H2 was not. These results suggest that moderate perturbations of the postural control system produce altered temporal structures of the main postural movement components, but do not necessarily change the coordinative structure of intersegment movements.

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