Treatment Technology of Brine Contamination and Barite Settlement for the High Temperature and High Density OBM for Ultra-Deep Well Drilling in Western China

Summary Many oil and gas resources in deep–sea environments worldwide are often located in high–temperature/high–pressure (HT/HP) and low–permeability reservoirs. The reservoir–pressure coefficient usually exceeds 1.6, with formation temperature greater than 180°C. Challenges are faced for well drilling and completion in these HT/HP reservoirs. A solid–free well–completion fluid with safety density greater than 1.8 g/cm3 and excellent thermal endurance is strongly needed in the industry. Because of high cost and/or corrosion and toxicity problems, the application of available solid–free well–completion fluids such as cesium formate brines, bromine brines, and zinc brines is limited in some cases. In this paper, novel potassium–based phosphate well–completion fluids were developed. Results show that the fluid can reach the maximum density of 1.815 g/cm3 at room temperature, which makes a breakthrough on the density limit of normal potassium–based phosphate brine. The corrosion rate of N80 steel after the interaction with the target phosphate brine at a high temperature of 180°C is approximately 0.1853 mm/a, and the regained–permeability recovery of the treated sand core can reach up to 86.51%. Scanning–electron–microscope (SEM) pictures also support the corrosion–evaluation results. The phosphate brine shows favorable compatibility with the formation water. The biological toxicity–determination result reveals that it is only slightly toxic and is environmentally acceptable. In addition, phosphate brine is highly effective in inhibiting the performance of clay minerals. The cost of phosphate brine is approximately 44 to 66% less than that of conventional cesium formate, bromine brine, and zinc brine. This study suggests that the phosphate brine can serve as an alternative high–density solid–free well–completion fluid during well drilling and completion in HT/HP reservoirs.

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Drilling Fluid Development and Performance Evaluation of Deep and Ultra-Deep High-Density Saturated Brine

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1382 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 524-527 ◽

pp. 1382-1388

Author(s):

Ping Quan Wang ◽

Yang Bai ◽

Gang Peng ◽

Zhi Wei Qian

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

High Density ◽

Deep Drilling ◽

Fluid System ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Performance Factors ◽

Complex Formulation ◽

Deep Well ◽

Processing Optimization

Due to the high temperature , great pressure and complex lithology of super-deep well bottom, there exist such problems such as high solid concentration, multiple but inaccurate treating chemicals, complex formulation with instability of drilling fluid system, resulting in a frequent occurrence of underground complex accident and a waste of a lot of manpower and material resources. Therefore, based on the analysis of performance factors of ultra-deep drilling fluid system, the approach of regulating water based drilling fluid properties of super-deep well has been found. Moreover, through screening and processing optimization of treating chemicals of ultra-deep well by single-factor method, three sets of anti-high-density and anti-high-temperature saturated brine drilling fluid systems with few kinds of treating chemicals, concise and simplified system, including: ① saturated brine drilling fluid with anti-temperature 180 °C and density 2.40 g/cm3 ; ② saturated brine drilling fluid with anti-temperature 200 °C and density 2.40g/cm3; ③ saturated brine drilling fluid with anti-temperature 220 °C and density 2.40g/cm3 . After the the evaluation of the overall performance of these three systems under respective experimental conditions, the results show that all of these systems have such advantages as good and strong rheology, water loss building capacity, inhibition, lubricity and blocking ability, etc, which could meet the requirements of ultra-deep drilling under different circumstances.

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Study of Drilling Fluid System of Resisting the High Temperature of 220 Degrees

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.130 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 753-755 ◽

pp. 130-133

Author(s):

Hui Hong Luo ◽

Ze Hua Wang ◽

Yu Xue Sun ◽

Han Jiang

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Borehole Stability ◽

Fluid System ◽

Well Drilling ◽

Deep Well ◽

Materials Used ◽

Loss Control ◽

Determine System

Focus on the high temperature rheological stability and the fluid loss control of resistance to high temperature drilling fluid system, further determine system formula and the formula of the high temperature drilling fluid system should be optimized. Eventually, a kind of organo-silica drilling fluid system of excellent performance which is resistant to high temperature of 220 degrees has been developed, and the system performances have been evaluated. The high temperature-resistant organo-silica drilling fluid system is of good shale inhibition, lubricity and borehole stability. The fluid loss is low and the filter cake is thin and tight, which can effectively prevent bit balling. The sand-carrying ability is good and the rheological property is easy to control. The performances of drilling fluid remain stable under high salinity and the system can resist the pollution of 6%NaCl and 0.5%CaC12. The materials used in this system are non-toxic, non-fluorescent and suitable for deep well drilling.

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Propagation of Measurement-While-Drilling Mud Pulse during High Temperature Deep Well Drilling Operations

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2013/243670 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hongtao Li ◽

Yingfeng Meng ◽

Gao Li ◽

Na Wei ◽

Jiajie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Angular Frequency ◽

Drill String ◽

Linear Perturbation ◽

State Equations ◽

Attenuation Coefficients ◽

Well Drilling ◽

Deep Well ◽

Measurement While Drilling ◽

Density Behavior

Signal attenuates while Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) mud pulse is transmited in drill string during high temperature deep well drilling. In this work, an analytical model for the propagation of mud pulse was presented. The model consists of continuity, momentum, and state equations with analytical solutions based on the linear perturbation analysis. The model can predict the wave speed and attenuation coefficient of mud pulse. The calculated results were compared with the experimental data showing a good agreement. Effects of the angular frequency, static velocity, mud viscosity, and mud density behavior on speed and attenuation coefficients were included in this paper. Simulated results indicate that the effects of angular frequency, static velocity, and mud viscosity are important, and lower frequency, viscosity, and static velocity benefit the transmission of mud pulse. Influenced by density behavior, the speed and attenuation coefficients in drill string are seen to have different values with respect to well depth. For different circulation times, the profiles of speed and attenuation coefficients behave distinctly different especially in lower section. In general, the effects of variables above on speed are seen to be small in comparison.

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Effects of Microstructure Evolution on High-Temperature Mechanical Deformation of 95Sn-5Sb

Volume 6: Electronics and Photonics ◽

10.1115/imece2008-68952 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harry Schoeller ◽

Shubhra Bansal ◽

Aaron Knobloch ◽

David Shaddock ◽

Junghyun Cho

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Lead Free ◽

High Temperature Deformation ◽

Temperature Deformation ◽

Second Phase ◽

Creep Tests ◽

Well Drilling ◽

Deep Well ◽

High Homologous Temperature ◽

Lead Free Solders

Lead-free solders have garnered much attention in recent years due to legislation banning the use of lead in electronics. As use of lead solders is phased out, there is a need for lead-free alternatives for niche applications such as high temperature environments where traditionally high lead solders are used. Electronics and sensors exposed to high-temperature environments such as those associated with deep well drilling require solder interconnects that can withstand high thermal-mechanical stresses. In an effort to characterize solder alloys for such applications, this study focuses on deformation behavior of the Sn95-Sb5 solder under high-temperature exposures (from 298°K to 473°K). As compared to conventional high-temperature Pb-based solder 90Pb–10Sn, Sn95–Sb5 exhibited very high tensile strength and modulus, as well as superior creep properties despite its lower melting temperature. Importantly, high-temperature deformation was shown to be influenced by the presence of the second phase (SnSb) distributed within the Sn-rich matrix. These second phase precipitates appeared to be dissolved into the Sn-rich phase above 453°K, which converted the solder into a single-phase alloy and resulted in a change in its deformation mechanism. Furthermore, as the service temperature is of such high homologous temperature (T > 0.5Tm), creep deformation will contribute significantly toward the life of the solder joint during thermal cycling. In order to characterize the creep behavior and to identify controlling mechanism(s), creep tests were carried out, from which the stress exponent and activation energy were determined. In this study, detailed microstructures under high-temperature are presented in conjunction with the corresponding mechanical behavior to further understand the controlling deformation mechanisms.

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Study on Multi-Functional Experimental Apparatus for the Performance Evaluation of HTHP Drilling Fluid

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 422 ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

Fu Hua Wang ◽

Rui He Wang ◽

Xue Chao Tan

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

High Temperature ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Dynamic State ◽

Mechanical Transmission ◽

Well Drilling ◽

New Device ◽

Deep Well ◽

Experimental Apparatus ◽

New Apparatus

With the development of deep well drilling technology, a new HTHP (High Temperature High Pressure) experimental apparatus LH-1 was developed to meet the need of research and evaluation of deep well drilling fluid. With the advanced dynamic seal technology, mechanical transmission and data sensing technology, this new apparatus has many kinds of HTHP testing functions in a body and could evaluate manifold performances at the dynamic state of high temperature and high pressure including HTHP dynamic or static filtration test, high temperature dynamic scattering test of drilling cuttings, HTHP dynamic sealing and plugging tests, ultra HTHP aging test and so on. The lab tests show that the new apparatus gains such advantages as novelty of the design, stability of the performance, accuracy and reliability of the experimental data and facility of the operation. Having overcome the defections of the old apparatuses, the new device can provide a new means of experimental researches for the evaluation of HTHP comprehensive performance of deep well drilling fluid.

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Public awareness and safeguarding traditional knowledge: challenges and conflicts in preserving and representing kārīz/kănérjĭng in Xinjiang, PR China

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2014.032 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 758-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Constantin Canavas

Keyword(s):

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Central Government ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Underground Water ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Western China ◽

Well Drilling ◽

Local Society ◽

Deep Well ◽

Museum Representation

Strategies of stimulating public awareness and implementing measures to safeguard traditional knowledge of the water management techniques generally known under the terms qanāt or kārīz involve paths of imbedding the technique into the history of a given society. The present study approaches such strategies in the case of the underground water networks in the arid regions in Xinjiang, North Western China, known there under the terms kārīz or kănérjĭng. There is an on-going debate concerning the beginnings of the construction of kārīz in Xinjiang. A recent revival of this technique started with a movement of kārīz (re)construction in the 1950s–1960s. In recent decades the kārīz/kănérjĭng water network has suffered due to the expansion of deep well drilling. At the same time the issue has become an object of museum representation. The first museum, Turfan Kariz Paradise, opened its gates in 1992; the Karez Folk Custom Garden, with a more pronounced event and commercial character, was inaugurated in 2000. Both exhibitions are near Turfan. They both demonstrate the traditional construction and maintenance techniques, and stress the strong linkage between local society and the specific traditional water technology. This paper argues that preserving the kārīz/kănérjĭng in the area of Turfan has become a delicate instrument in the political balance involving local authorities, the provincial government in Urumuqi and the central government in Beijing.

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