In vitro fermentation of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats, dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle.

It is generally believed that ruminants are better able to degrade highly fibrous feeds than equines. To determine if this is due to differences between the microflora of the rumen and the equine hind-gut, oatfeed (OF), naked oats (NO), soya hulls (SH) and unmolassed sugar beet pulp (SB) were incubated with inocula prepared from bovine rumen digesta or equine caecal digesta.OF, NO, SH, and SB were ground to pass through a 1 mm mesh screen and incubated for 72 hours, at 39Â°C with inocula prepared from either rumen (R) or caecal (C) digesta. Rumen digesta was obtained from three hay-fed, ruminally - fistulated Hereford x Friesian steers, and caecal digesta from three hay-fed, caecally -fistulated, Welsh-cross ponies. Gas production throughout the incubation was measured using the pressure transducer technique (Theodorou et al, 1994). After the incubation, VFA production was measured and residue weights were calculated for each feedstuff.

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The effect of particle size on the in vitro fermentation of different ratios of high-temperature dried lucerne and sugar beet pulp incubated with equine faecal inocula

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.09.001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 162 (1-2) ◽

pp. 47-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jo-Anne M.D. Murray ◽

Rachael K.T. Bice ◽

Meriel J.S. Moore-Colyer

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

High Temperature ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Effect Of Particle Size

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Effects of adaptation to lasalocid, monensin or a daily rotation of lasalocid and monensin on in vitro fermentation of a 90% concentrate diet

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas95-017 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 129-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. C. Duff ◽

M. L. Galyean ◽

M. E. Branine

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

In Vitro Experiments ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Fluid ◽

Vitro Experiment ◽

In Vitro Experiment ◽

In Vitro Incubation

Effects of adaptation to L, M or a daily rotation of L and M (R) on in vitro fermentation were measured in a replicated in vitro experiment with a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were adaptation of ruminal fluid donor steers (0 or 200 mg steer−1 d−1 of L, M or R) and culture ionophore treatment (0 or 4 μg mL−1 of L, M or a 50:50 mixture of L and M). At 12 and 24 h, IVDMD was increased (P < 0.05) by adaptation to L compared with M, and decreased at 12 h (P < 0.05) by adaptation to R compared with the average of L and M adaptation. At 6 and 12 h, culture ionophore treatments increased (P < 0.10) IVDMD, compared with control. After 24 and 48 h of in vitro incubation, L adaptation increased (P < 0.01) acetate, decreased (P < 0.01) propionate, increased the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.01), and increased total VF A (P < 0.05), compared with M adaptation. Total VFA was increased (P < 0.10) for ionophore adaptation treatments compared with control at 48 h of incubation. Culture ionophore treatments decreased (P < 0.10) acetate and increased (P < 0.05) propionate at 24 and 48 h and decreased the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.10) at 24 h of incubation versus control cultures, with no measurable effects on total VFA. Adaptation treatments did not interact with culture treatments, suggesting that animals used as inoculum donors for in vitro experiments involving ionophores need not be adapted to an ionophore. Key words: In vitro, fermentation, ionophores, monensin, lasalocid

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Influence of inoculum type (ileal, caecal and faecal) on the in vitro fermentation of different sources of carbohydrates in rabbits

World Rabbit Science ◽

10.4995/wrs.2018.9726 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo Abad-Guzmán ◽

Jose Antonio Larrea-Dávalos ◽

Rosa Carabaño ◽

Javier García ◽

Maria Dolores Carro

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Production Rate ◽

Gas Production ◽

Wheat Starch ◽

Insoluble Residue ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Production Parameters ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Different Sources

Two in vitro experiments were performed to analyse the fermentative potential of ileal content, caecal content, soft faeces and hard faeces from adult rabbits. Experiment 1 evaluated 3 doses (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g fresh digesta/g substrate dry matter [DM]) of ileal and caecal digesta as inoculum in 28 h-incubations. Two ileal and 2 caecal inocula were obtained, each by pooling the ileal or caecal digesta of 2 adult rabbits. Pectin from sugar beet pulp (SBP) and the insoluble residue obtained after a 2-step in vitro pre-digestion of SBP and wheat straw were used as substrates. The 0.5 dose produced the lowest (P<0.05) amount of gas at 28 h, with no differences (P>0.05) between the 1.0 and 2.0 doses (44.9, 51.6 and 53.8 mL/g substrate DM, respectively; values averaged across inocula and substrates). Experiment 2 evaluated two doses of ileal inoculum (1 and 1.5 g fresh digesta/g substrate DM) and compared ileal digesta, caecal digesta, soft faeces and hard faeces as inoculum for determining in vitro gas production (144-h incubations) of the 3 substrates used in Experiment 1 and wheat starch. Three inocula of each type were obtained, each by pooling either digesta or faeces from 3 rabbits. There were no differences (P>0.05) between the 2 ileal doses tested in gas production parameters, and therefore the 1.0 dose was selected for further ileal fermentations. Starch and pectin showed similar (P>0.05) values of gas production rate and maximal gas production rate when they were fermented with caecal digesta (0.038 vs. 0.043%/h, and 13.7 vs. 15.2 mL/h, respectively), soft (0.022 vs. 0.031%/h, and 9.97 vs. 9.33 mL/h) and hard faeces (0.031 vs. 0.038%/h, and 13.6 vs. 10.8 mL/h), and values were higher than those for SBP and wheat straw; in contrast, values for starch and pectin differed with the ileal inoculum (0.046 vs. 0.024%/h, and 18.4 vs. 6.60 mL/h). Both ileal and caecal gas production parameters were well correlated with those for hard and soft faeces inocula, respectively (r≥0.77; P≤0.040). The ileal inoculum showed a relevant fermentative potential, but lower than that of caecal digesta and soft and hard faeces for all substrates except wheat starch.

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PSIII-22 Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of ancient grains using canine fecal inoculum

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.554 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 273-273

Author(s):

Zac Traughber ◽

Fei He ◽

Jolene Hoke ◽

Gary Davenport ◽

Maria R C de Godoy

Keyword(s):

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Future Research ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Gastrointestinal Health ◽

Partial Digestion ◽

End Products ◽

Host Health ◽

Beet Pulp

Abstract In recent years, ancient grains have become popular sources of novel carbohydrates and fiber in pet foods. End-products of microbial fermentation (e.g. short-chain fatty acids) have been shown to be beneficial to the canine microbiome and overall host health. However, limited research exists on the fermentation characteristics of these increasingly popular grains. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the fermentative characteristics of select ancient grains in vitro using canine fecal inoculum. Five ancient grains, amaranth (AM), millet white proso (MWP), oat groats (OG), quinoa (QU), red millet (RM), were evaluated and compared to cellulose (CEL) and beet pulp (BP). Triplicate samples of each substrate were initially subjected to partial digestion of starch and protein to mimic in vivo conditions. They were then fermented for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours. All test substrates had acetate concentrations similar to that of BP after 6, 9, and 12 hrs. Amaranth, OG, and QU had significantly greater butyrate concentrations than BP and CEL after 6 hours, with all test ingredients having significantly higher butyrate concentrations after 9 and 12 hours. pH decreased significantly after 6 hours with further decreases seen after 9 and 12 hours for all substrates, except CEL. Amaranth, MWP, OG, and RM showed significantly greater pH reductions than CEL and BP, with QU performing similarly to BP. Overall, ancient grains show a moderate and beneficial fermentative profile with greater concentrations of butyrate compared with BP; a traditional and moderate fermentable fiber source used in pet foods. Future research should evaluate these substrates and their blends on gastrointestinal health and fecal quality in vivo.

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