0131 Mammary gland transcriptome and proteome modifications by nutrient restriction in early lactation Holstein cows challenged with intramammary lipopolysaccharide

The experiment aimed to examine the impacts of an increased growth rate of ewes between three and seven months of age on udder development using ultrasound and to establish whether ultrasonography could be used to identify ewe mammary structures that may be indirect indicators of singleton growth to weaning. Udder dimensions, depths of gland cistern (GC), parenchyma (PAR) and fat pad (FP) were measured in late pregnancy (P107), early lactation (L29), and at weaning (L100) in 59 single-bearing yearling ewes selected from two treatments. The ‘heavy’ group (n = 31) was preferentially fed prior to breeding achieving an average breeding live-weight of 47.9 ± 0.38 kg at seven months of age. The ‘control’ group (n = 28) had an average breeding live-weight of 44.9 ± 0.49 kg. Udder dimensions, GC, PAR and FP did not differ between treatments. Lamb growth to L100 was positively associated (p < 0.05) with PAR at P107 and GC at L29. There was no evidence of negative effects of the live-weight gain treatments on udder development of yearling ewes as measured by ultrasonography. The results suggest that this ultrasound method has the potential to identify pregnant yearling ewes which would wean heavier singletons.

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Energy partitioning in grazing Holstein cows in early lactation

Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition ◽

10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_69 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A. Jasinsky ◽

D.A. Mattiauda ◽

M. Ceriani ◽

M. Carriquiry

Keyword(s):

Energy Partitioning ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Early Lactation

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THE IN VITRO METABOLISM OF MAMMARY GLAND SLICES IN THE PRESENCE OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY LOBE EXTRACTS RICH IN MELANOPHORE-DISPERSING ACTIVITY

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0150366 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 366-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. R. BRADLEY ◽

G. M. MITCHELL

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Incubation Medium ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Gas Evolution ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Posterior Pituitary ◽

Rats And Mice ◽

Posterior Pituitary Lobe

SUMMARY Slices cut from mammary glands of rats and mice during gestation and lactation were incubated in vitro in the presence of pig posterior pituitary lobe extracts rich in melanophore-dispersing ('B') activity. Slices taken in early lactation but not during gestation or late lactation showed increased net gas evolution compared with control slices. Similar tissue from rabbits and guinea-pigs did not give rise to this effect, nor did slices of other tissues taken from lactating rats. The increased net gas evolution was not observed in the absence of glucose from the incubation medium. Treatment of the 'B' extract with NaOH or hypophysectomy of the rats prior to use decreased the response.

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Effects of teatcup liner tension on teat canal keratin and teat condition in cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900004295 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 319-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ANTHONY V. CAPUCO ◽

DAVID L. WOOD ◽

JAMES W. QUAST

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽

High Tension ◽

Low Tension ◽

Teat Canal

The effect of tension of teatcup liners on teat end condition and quantity of keratin in the teat canal was investigated. Liner tension was increased by using longer teatcup shells. The first experiment used six Holstein cows in early lactation. Left quarters were milked with liners under medium or normal tension by using Conewango liners in 142 mm shells. Right quarters were milked with liners under high tension by mounting the liners in teatcup shells 149 mm in length. By day 16, teat end condition and sensitivity to manipulation were worsened by thrice daily milking when liners were under a higher tension. Two subsequent experiments each used 12 different Holstein cows. These cows were in mid lactation and were milked twice daily for 10 or 30 d. Left quarters were milked with liners under high tension. Right quarters were milked with liners under low tension by using teatcup shells 126 mm in length. The quantity of keratin removed during milking was not influenced by liner tension; however, the quantity of keratin at the end of the experiments was increased 10–20% in teats that were milked using liners under a higher tension. Histological analysis and keratin content were consistent with epithelial hyperplasia induced by milking with liners under increased tension.

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Early Lactation Production, Body Condition, and Incidence of Disease in Holstein Cows Fed a Low-Potassium Diet Alone or Supplemented with Chloride Prepartum

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30919-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 661-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Siciliano-Jones ◽

P.W. Jardon ◽

M. Kucerak ◽

M.B. de Ondarza

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Low Potassium ◽

Production Body

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Apoptosis and Expression of Related Proteins in Mammary Gland of Heifers during Early Lactation

Veterinary Research Communications ◽

10.1023/b:verc.0000014146.04373.64 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 225-227

Author(s):

M. Colitti ◽

E. Venturini ◽

G. Gabai ◽

G. Stradaioli ◽

B. Stefanon

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Related Proteins

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Associations between early lactation milk protein concentrations and the intervals to calving for Holstein cows of differing parity

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 2100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jack Fahey ◽

John M. Morton ◽

Martin J. Auldist ◽

Keith L. Macmillan

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Average Interval ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

High milk protein concentrations (MP%) have been positively associated with the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. No studies have measured the effects of this association on subsequent calving dates in multiparous cows, nor assessed whether the underlying causal mechanisms are present in nulliparous heifers. Holstein cows (primiparous = 918; multiparous = 4242) were selected from herds that had seasonally concentrated calving patterns resulting from seasonally restricted breeding periods. In seasonally calving herds, the date of a herd’s planned start of calving (PSC date) is the average gestation length of 282 days after the date that the preceding breeding period commenced, so that the interval from the herd’s PSC date to each cow’s actual calving date (PSC-to-calving interval) primarily reflects the time to conception from the start of the breeding period in the previous year. This measure was used to compare associations between the average MP% during the first 120 days of lactation and time to the calving that initiated that lactation in primiparous and multiparous cows. Early lactation MP% was negatively associated with PSC-to-calving interval. A 1% difference in MP% was associated with an 8-day difference in the average PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows and a 31–35-day difference in the average interval in multiparous cows. The observed associations between early lactation MP% and PSC-to-calving interval are likely to involve determinants present during a cow’s breeding period that affect the probability of conception. Some of these determinants are not restricted to early lactation as the association between MP% and PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows is a reflection of the reproductive performance in nulliparous heifers at ~15 months of age.

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