1519 Does microbial contamination affect in situ estimation of crude protein degradability of concentrate feedstuffs?

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 737-737
Author(s):  
A. C. B. Menezes ◽  
S. C. Valadares Filho ◽  
P. P. Rotta ◽  
S. A. Santos ◽  
D. Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Protein Degradability

scholarly journals In situstudy of the relevance of bacterial adherence to feed particles for the contamination and accuracy of rumen degradability estimates for feeds of vegetable origin

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rodríguez ◽  
J. González
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Asymptotic Values ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Gluten Feed ◽  
Single Exponential

Anin situstudy was conducted on four rumen-cannulated wethers to determine (using15N infusion techniques) the microbial contamination (mg bacterial DM or crude protein (CP)/100mg DM or CP) and the associated error on the effective degradability of fourteen feeds: barley and maize grains, soyabean and sunflower meals, full-fat soyabean, maize gluten feed, soyabean hulls, brewers dried grains, sugarbeet pulp, wheat bran, lucerne and vetch-oat hays, and barley and lentil straws. The DM or CP contamination in residues (M) fitted to single exponential or sigmoid curves. A general model (M=m(1−e−ft)j) was proposed to match this fit. Asymptotic values (m) varied from 2·84% to 13·3% and from 2·85% to 80·9% for DM and CP, respectively. Uncorrected results underestimated the effective degradability of both DM (P<0·05) and CP (P<0·01). For CP, this underestimation varied from 0·59% to 13·1%, with a higher but unascertainable error for barley straw. Excluding maize grain, the microbial contamination of both DM and CP, and the associated underestimation of the effective degradability of CP, were positively related to the cellulose content of the feed. The error in the effective degradability of CP was also negatively related to the CP content and its apparent effective degradability (R20·867). This equation allows easier and more accurate estimates of effective degradability, needed to improve protein-rationing systems.

In situ ruminal crude protein degradability of by-products from cereals, oilseeds and animal origin

2013 ◽  
Vol 153 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Habib ◽  
N.A. Khan ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
M. Bezabih
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
By Products ◽  
Protein Degradability

Comparison of three 15N methods to correct for microbial contamination when assessing in situ protein degradability of fresh forages1

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 5053-5062 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamoun ◽  
H. Ammar ◽  
A. Théwis ◽  
Y. Beckers ◽  
J. France ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Protein Degradability

In situ ruminal digestibility of red osier dogwood in finishing beef heifers

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M.S. Gomaa ◽  
L.Y. Wei ◽  
G.M. Mosaad ◽  
H. Aamer ◽  
T.W. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Protein Degradability

An in situ study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding red osier dogwood (ROD) on ruminal digestion of barley, ROD, and barley silage in beef heifers. Heifers were fed diets that varied by substituting ROD for barley silage at 0%, 3%, 7%, or 10%. Slowly degradable fraction and effective degradability (ED) of ROD crude protein (CP) linearly (P < 0.02) increased with increasing ROD. The ED of CP of barley and barley silage was reduced (P < 0.01) by feeding ROD. These results indicate that feeding ROD potentially reduces ruminal protein degradability, thereby improving protein efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of the correction of particle microbial contamination and particle transit model in the rumen on in situ protein evaluation of grass hays

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Guevara-González ◽  
J. González ◽  
J. M. Arroyo ◽  
V. J. Moya ◽  
O. Piquer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Degradation Pattern ◽  
Ryegrass Hay ◽  
Variable Errors ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Effects of considering the particle comminution rate (kc) in addition to particle rumen outflow (kp) and the ruminal microbial contamination on estimates of by-pass and intestinal digestibility of DM, organic matter and crude protein were examined in perennial ryegrass and oat hays. By-pass kc-kp-based values of amino acids were also determined. This study was performed using particle transit, in situ and 15N techniques on three rumen and duodenum-cannulated wethers. The above estimates were determined using composite samples from rumen-incubated residues representative of feed by-pass. Considering the comminution rate, kc, modified the contribution of the incubated residues to these samples in both hays and revealed a higher microbial contamination, consistently in oat hay and only as a tendency for crude protein in ryegrass hay. Not considering kc or rumen microbial contamination overvalued by-pass and intestinal digestibility in both hays. Therefore, non-microbial-corrected kp-based values of intestinal digested crude protein were overestimated as compared with corrected and kc-kp-based values in ryegrass hay (17.4 vs 4.40%) and in oat hay (5.73 vs 0.19%). Both factors should be considered to obtain accurate in situ estimates in grasses, as the protein value of grasses is very conditioned by the microbial synthesis derived from their ruminal fermentation. Consistent overvaluations of amino acid by-pass due to not correcting microbial contamination were detected in both hays, with large variable errors among amino acids. A similar degradation pattern of amino acids was recorded in both hays. Cysteine, methionine, leucine and valine were the most degradation-resistant amino acids.

scholarly journals Sunflower meal and spring pea ruminal degradation protection using malic acid or orthophosphoric acid-heat treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Díaz-Royón ◽  
J. M. Arroyo ◽  
M. D. Sánchez-Yélamo ◽  
J. González
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

The effects of solutions of malic or orthophosphoric acids (0.752 Eqg/kg of feed) and heat to protect proteins of sunflower meal (SFM) and spring pea (SP) against ruminal degradation were studied using particle transit, 15N infusion, in situ and electrophoretic techniques. Three wethers fitted with rumen and duodenum cannulae were successively fed three isoproteic diets including SFM and SP, untreated or treated with malic or orthophosphoric acids. Incubations of tested meals were only performed while feeding the respective diet. Estimates of the ruminally undegraded fraction (RU) and its intestinal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter (only for RU), crude protein and starch (only in SP) were obtained considering ruminal microbial contamination and particle comminution and outflow rates. When corrected for microbial contamination, estimates of RU and intestinal digestibility decreased in all tested fractions for both feeds. All RU estimates increased with the protective treatments, whereas intestinal digestibility-dry matter also increased in SFM. Low intestinal digestibility-crude protein values suggested the presence of antitrypsin factors in SP. Protective treatments of both feeds led to consistent increases in the intestinal digested fraction of dry matter and crude protein, being only numerically different for SP-starch (60.5% as average). However, treatments also reduced the organic matter fermentation, which may decrease ruminal microbial protein synthesis. Electrophoretic studies showed albumin disappearance in both SFM and SP, whereas changes in other RU proteins were more pronounced in SP than SFM.

Ruminal crude protein degradability parameters of some feedstuffs using in situ technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
M Besharati ◽  
A Taghizadeh ◽  
H Janmohamadi ◽  
G A Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
By Products ◽  
Disposal Problem ◽  
Protein Degradability

The in situ technique has been used widely for estimating ruminal nutrient degradation and to provide estimates of both the rate and extent of disappearance of feed constituents (Mehrez and Ørskov, 1977), because it is a relatively simple, low-cost method compared with methods involving intestinally cannulated animals. This technique provides a useful means to estimate rates of disappearance and potential degradability of feedstuffs and feed constituents. The technique involves suspending bags containing different feedstuffs in the rumen and measuring nutrient disappearance at various time intervals. Hence, it also may provide an advantage compared with laboratory methods because it involves digestive processes that occur in the rumen of a living animal; however, several factors affect estimates of nutrient digestion and need to be controlled for this technique to be standardised. Feeding by-products to dairy cows and other livestock will probably continue to increase in the future. By-product feeds fed to dairy cows and other livestock prevents a waste disposal problem for industry and reduces the amount of concentrate that must be included in the diet to ensure maximum animal performance. The object of this study was to estimate in situ crude protein degradability of dried grape by-product (DGB), noodle waste (NW), tomato pomace (TP), apple pomace (AP) and grape pomace (GP) using the in situ technique.

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