Effect of dietary replacement of alfalfa with urea-treated almond hulls on intake, growth, digestibility, microbial nitrogen, nitrogen retention, ruminal fermentation, and blood parameters in fattening lambs1

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Imani Rad ◽  
Y. Rouzbehan ◽  
J. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Stovers of Four Varieties of Common Vetch on Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Lambs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Yafeng Huang ◽  
Cory Matthew ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Zhibiao Nan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

This study evaluated common vetch stover as a feed in mixed rations for growing lambs. Four common vetch varieties were compared with alfalfa (control) for their effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention. Male Hu lambs (n = 50) aged 3 months, with a mean body weight of 17.5 ± 0.34 kg were allocated randomly to one of the five dietary treatments, making 10 lambs per treatment. The experiment lasted 67 days with a 10-day adaptation period and a 50-day fattening period, and with the final 7 days used for a nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance trial. All diets contained 30.0% maize straw and 50.0% concentrate, with different forage sources (on a fed basis): 20.0% alfalfa hay (control), 20.0% local common vetch variety 333A (C333A) stover, or 20.0% stover of one of three improved common vetch varieties: Lanjian No. 1 (CLJ1), Lanjian No. 2 (CLJ2), or Lanjian No. 3 (CLJ3). For stover quality, CLJ1 stover had the greatest crude protein (CP), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) content and the least cell wall contents, while C333A stover had the least CP, IVOMD, and ME contents and the greatest cell wall contents. Sheep fed the control diet had a greater average daily gain (ADG), apparent digestibility of organic matter (DOM), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and nitrogen retention, and greater ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration than lambs fed the C333A or CLJ3 diet, but similar performance to lambs fed the CLJ1 and CLJ2 diets. The feed conversion ratio and predicted CH4 emission per unit of DOM intake and ADG of the control, CLJ1, and CLJ2 diets was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for the other diets. Based on these results, stovers of varieties CLJ1 and CLJ2 can be recommended as an alternative to alfalfa hay and for use in a legume crop rotation with cereals on the Tibetan plateau.

scholarly journals Relations of Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Matters to Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Fluid of Dairy Cows at Different Milk Stages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyuan Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Guobin Luo ◽  
Hangshu Xin ◽  
Yonggen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether relationships exist between odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) originating from milk fat and the corresponding data of ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial populations, and base contents that were used to mark microbial protein in rumen. Nine lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body weights and parity were selected in this study, and the samples of rumen and milk were collected at the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. The rumen and milk samples were collected over three consecutive days from each cow, and the ruminal and milk OBCFA profiles, ruminal fermentation parameters, bacterial populations, and base contents were measured. The results showed that the concentrations of OBCFAs, with the exception of C11:0 and C15:0, were significantly different between milk and rumen (p < 0.05). The concentrations of anteiso-fatty acids in milk were higher than those in rumen, and the contents of linear odd-chain fatty acids were higher than those of branched-chain fatty acids in both milk and rumen. Significant relationships that existed between the concentrations of C11:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C15:0, and anteiso-C17:0 in rumen and milk (p < 0.05). The total OBCFA content in milk was positively related to the acetate molar proportion but negatively correlated with isoacid contents (p < 0.05). The populations of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefacients, and Eubacterium ruminantium were significantly related to milk C13:0 contents (p < 0.05). The adenine/N ratio was negatively related to milk OBCFA content (p < 0.05) but positively associated with the iso-C15:0/iso-C17:0 ratio (p < 0.05). Milk OBCFAs were significantly correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, ruminal bacterial populations, and base contents. Milk OBCFAs had the potential to predict microbial nitrogen flow, and the prediction equations for ruminal microbial nitrogen flow were established for OBCFAs in dairy milk.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Tannin Sources on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Performance, Nitrogen Utilization, and Blood Parameters in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Xu ◽  
Cao ◽  
Wang ◽  
Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study investigated the effect of tannin sources on nutrient intake, digestibility, performance, nitrogen utilization, and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows. Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design, with each period lasting 28 days. Cows were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: Control diet (CON, a totally mixed ration without tannin supplements), control diet supplemented with 3% bayberry condensed tannins (BCT), control diet supplemented with 3% Acacia mangium condensed tannins (ACT), and control diet supplemented with 3% valonia hydrolyzed tannins (VHT). Dietary treatments did not significantly affect nutrient intake, milk yield or composition, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen utilization efficiency, or plasma concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, total protein, and globulin, or the albumin-to-globulin ratio. Tannin supplements decreased the apparent total tract nutrient digestibility to varying degrees and significantly decreased the milk and blood urea nitrogen contents (p < 0.05). Tannin supplements altered nitrogen excretion routes in lactating dairy cows, and BCT significantly decreased the urinary nitrogen excretion (p = 0.04). Compared with the CON, ACT, and VHT diets, BCT yielded the highest nitrogen retention and nitrogen retention-to-digestible nitrogen ratio despite having a similar nitrogen utilization efficiency (p < 0.05). Bayberry condensed tannin supplementation may be a potential way to improve nitrogen utilization and reduce concerns regarding nitrogen excretion in dairy cows.

scholarly journals 84 Effect of incorporating forage pea (c.v. Pisium sativum L.) into cereal hay on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility when fed to beef heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Alex Pursley ◽  
Bill Biligetu ◽  
Tom Warkentin ◽  
Bart Lardner ◽  
Greg B Penner
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Protein Supply

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion rate of pea hay in barley and oat hay when fed to beef cattle. Six ruminally-cannulated heifers (407 ± 38 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square with a 2 × 3 factorial design and 25-d periods. Treatments included barley or oat hay blended with pea hay to achieve inclusion rates of 0, 15, or 30% (DM basis). Pea inclusion increased DMI (P = 0.03) by 0.75 kg/d, and generally reduced sorting (P ≤ 0.006) against NDF and ADF compared to the cereal-only treatments. Pea inclusion decreased CP digestibility by 2.87% relative to cereal-only treatments, but did not affect the predicted microbial protein supply or nitrogen retention (P ≥ 0.77). Pea inclusion did not affect total ruminal SCFA concentration, but increased the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate and decreased the molar proportion of propionate (P ≤ 0.01). While cereal type did not affect DMI (P = 0.36) or total SCFA concentration (P = 0.61), use of oat hay improved DM digestibility (67.73 vs. 63.22% for oat and barley, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) and increased nitrogen retention (P = 0.03) when compared to barley. Overall, incorporating pea into cereal hay increased DMI, reduced CP digestibility, and altered ruminal fermentation.

scholarly journals In vitro Effect of Essential Oils on Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Nitrogen Yield of High Concentrate Dairy Cow Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Seyed Masoud Davoodi ◽  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Ali Reza Vakili ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Vitro Effect

Present study was conducted to investigate the effect of including plant essential oils on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial nitrogen synthesis of a dairy cow diet rich in concentrate. The treatments consisted of the diet alone (control; BD) as well as containing 50 and 100 μl L-1 essential oil of thyme (BDT), mint (BDM), savory (BDS), or a mixture of the essential oils at the rate of 1:1:1 (BDmix). Essential oils decreased gas production at 24, 48 and 96 h of incubation compared with that of BD. However, mint at the rate of 50 or 100 μl L-1 resulted an increase in the microbial nitrogen when compared to BD, BDS and BDT. The nitrogen content of truly undegraded residu (NDFN) content and NH3-N concentration were lower, while the dry matter digestibility was greater in the BDmix, regardless of dosage levels, as compared with the control. The inclusion of a mixture of essential oils at 50 μl L-1 to the basal diet caused intensified dry matter disappearance, in comparison to other treatments. Results showed that the synergetic effects of essential oils together in a dairy cow diet of rich in concentrate can alter rumen microbial fermentation and improve microbial protein yield.

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