Concentrations of minerals in pig feed ingredients commonly used in China1

Abstract Mineral concentrations were determined in 13 different feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets. Ingredients included corn and 4 corn co-products: corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn germ meal, and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Wheat, wheat bran, and wheat shorts were also included, and 5 oilseed meals including soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal were used as well. Corn grain contained 88.7% dry matter (DM) and 0.46% K (DM basis). Greater concentrations of DM, ash, Ca, P, nonphytate P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were observed in corn gluten feed, corn DDGS, and corn germ meal compared with corn grain (P < 0.05). In general, minerals in corn DDGS were approximately three times greater than in corn grain and about 90% of the total P in corn DDGS was in the nonphytate bound form. Corn gluten meal had the least concentrations (P < 0.05) of most minerals, but the greatest (P < 0.05) concentrations of Fe (373.55 mg/kg, DM basis), Cu (11.88 mg/kg, DM basis), and Se (0.92 mg/kg, DM basis). On a DM-basis, concentrations of DM, Ca, P, phytate bound P, and Fe in wheat grain were 88.2%, 0.10%, 0.34%, 0.16%, and 53.48 mg/kg, respectively. Wheat bran contained more (P < 0.05) K, Mg, Cl, Fe, Zn, and Mn compared with wheat and wheat shorts. On a DM-basis, 2.72% K was observed in soybean meal, which was more (P < 0.05) than in the other oilseed meals. However, rapeseed meal had the greatest (P < 0.05) concentration of ash (9.37%), Ca (1.01%), P (1.05%), and Fe (526.49 mg/kg) among the oilseed meals, but only 16.2% of the total P in rapeseed meal was non-phytate P. In contrast, more than 50% of the P in soybean meal and peanut meal was non-phytate P. The least (P < 0.05) concentration of Cu (6.73 mg/kg, DM basis) was observed in rapeseed meal and the greatest (P < 0.05) concentration (32.75 mg/kg) was analyzed in sunflower meal. Concentrations of most minerals in soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal varied considerably compared with published values. In conclusion, the concentration of minerals in 13 commonly used feed ingredients were analyzed and results indicated considerable variation among and within feed ingredients for most minerals, which for some minerals may be a result of differences in minerals in the soil in which the ingredients were grown, but processing likely also contributes to differences among ingredients.

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Net energy content of rice bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal, and sunflower meal in growing pigs

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.17.0829 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 1481-1490 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yakui Li ◽

Zhongchao Li ◽

Hu Liu ◽

Jean Noblet ◽

Ling Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Energy Content ◽

Peanut Meal ◽

Corn Germ ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Net Energy ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Corn Gluten Feed ◽

Gluten Feed

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Use of Corn Gluten Feed and Cottonseed Meal to Replace Soybean Meal and Corn in Diets for Pond-Raised Channel Catfish

North American Journal of Aquaculture ◽

10.1080/15222055.2011.568857 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Menghe H. Li ◽

Edwin H. Robinson ◽

Brian G. Bosworth ◽

Daniel F. Oberle ◽

Penelope M. Lucas

Keyword(s):

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Channel Catfish ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Corn Gluten Feed ◽

Gluten Feed

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Net energy content of rice bran, defatted rice bran, corn gluten feed, and corn germ meal fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 1877-1888 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhiqian Lyu ◽

Yakui Li ◽

Hu Liu ◽

Enkai Li ◽

Peili Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Energy Content ◽

Corn Germ ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Net Energy ◽

Defatted Rice Bran ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Corn Gluten Feed ◽

Gluten Feed

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The impact of substituting soybean meal and sunflower meal with a mixture of white lupine seeds and rapeseed meal on rabbit doe milk yield and composition, and the growth performance and carcass traits of their litters

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.12.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 236 ◽

pp. 187-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Z. Volek ◽

T.A. Ebeid ◽

L. Uhlířová

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

White Lupine ◽

The Impact

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Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in cereal grains and co-products in growing pigs

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 1148-1155

Author(s):

Su A Lee ◽

Jong Young Ahn ◽

Ah Reum Son ◽

Beob Gyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Corn Gluten Meal ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Corn Gluten Feed ◽

Gluten Feed

Objective: The objective was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in cereal grains and various co-products fed to growing pigs.Methods: Ten feed ingredients tested were barley (9.3% CP), lupin kernels (31.1% CP), and wheat (11.3% CP) as cereal grains, and 2 sources of corn gluten feed produced in China (21.6% CP) and Korea (24.6% CP), corn gluten meal (65.3% CP), lupin hulls (11.6% CP), rice bran (14.5% CP), soybean meal (44.8% CP), and wheat bran (15.4% CP) as co-products. Ten experimental diets were formulated to contain each ingredient as a sole source of N and an N-free diet was used to correct basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. All diets also contained 0.5% Cr2O3 as an indigestible index. A replicated 11×6 incomplete Latin square design with 11 dietary treatments, 6 periods, and 22 animals was employed. Twenty-two barrows with an initial body weight of 64.6±4.9 kg were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. An experimental period consisted of a 4-d adaptation period and a 2-d collection period.Results: The SID of CP in the barley, lupin kernels, wheat, 2 sources of corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, lupin hulls, rice bran, soybean meal, and wheat bran were 84.7%, 90.5%, 90.4%, 77.4%, 74.6%, 89.5%, 90.4%, 74.4%, 86.9%, and 63.4% (standard error of the mean [SEM] = 5.3, p = 0.006), respectively. The respective SID values of Lys were 75.5%, 88.4%, 83.9%, 74.7%, 62.4%, 80.3%, 83.9%, 78.5%, 88.0%, and 71.2% (SEM = 3.3, p<0.001), and the SID values of Met were 83.6%, 88.7%, 89.4%, 85.7%, 78.3%, 88.9%, 89.4%, 85.3%, 91.1%, and 77.0% (SEM = 2.4, p<0.001), respectively.Conclusion: The ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids varies among the feed ingredients fed to pigs.

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The comparative digestibility of feed ingredients by cattle and sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s030822960003172x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 209-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Coyle ◽

F. P. O'Mara ◽

M. J. Drennan ◽

M. Rath ◽

P. J. Caffrey

Keyword(s):

Feed Ingredients ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Corn Gluten Feed ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Gluten Feed ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Most measurements of digestibility are earned out with sheep rather than cattle because of the smaller amounts of feed and faeces involved. Yet the results are most often used with cattle. It is widely believed that digestibility in sheep is poorer than cattle with low digestibility feedstuffs and better with high digestibility feedstuffs, but that the magnitude of the differences is small. However, this belief is largely based on work with forages and there have been few direct comparisons between cattle and sheep fed concentrate ingredients. The objective of this experiment was to compare the digestibility by cattle and sheep of five samples of concentrate ingredients: citrus pulp, molassed beet pulp, corn gluten feed, barley and grain screenings.

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60 Occurrence of Mycotoxins in 2019 US Corn-based Feed Ingredients

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 36-37

Author(s):

Erin F Schwandt ◽

Paige N Gott ◽

Erika G Hendel ◽

Shelby M Ramirez ◽

G Raj Murugesan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Sample Mean ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Type A Trichothecenes ◽

Contamination Levels ◽

La Jolla ◽

Gluten Feed ◽

Corn Grain

Abstract Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are detrimental to animal health and productivity. This study investigated occurrence and contamination levels of mycotoxins in the 2019 US corn harvest, including corn grain and corn byproduct feed ingredients (distillers dried grains, gluten feed, etc.). Corn samples from the 2019 harvest and corn DDGS and other byproducts from October 2019 through April 2020 were screened via the LC-MS/MS technique for the presence of six major mycotoxin groups: aflatoxins, type A trichothecenes, type B trichothecenes (B-Trich), fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A. Parameters of the main toxins found were compared to the two prior harvest years using the Kruskal-Wallis Test (Prism7, GraphPad, La Jolla, CA) and are presented in Table 1. Mean toxin count per sample in corn grain was similar in 2019 as 2018, with just over two toxins per sample. Mean B-Trich level (parts per billion, ppb) was elevated in 2019 from 2017. Fumonisin contamination increased in 2019 compared to 2017, and prevalence was similar to 2018. Zearalenone contamination and prevalence were similar in 2019 compared to 2018 levels. Co-contamination in corn byproduct feeds was steady, averaging nearly three toxins per sample. Mean B-Trich contamination was higher than the 2017 crop, and FUM contamination was higher in 2019 than 2017 and 2018. Zearalenone levels in 2019 byproducts are the highest seen in the past three years. Preliminary results of the 2019 corn-based feed ingredients survey suggest mycotoxin occurrence and contamination levels are approaching those observed in the challenging 2018 crop. Furthermore, there are continued concerns for co-contamination and greater ZEN contamination that may impose negative effects on growth, health and reproductive performance in ruminants.

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PSX-13 Effects of supplementing sugar-based byproducts on ingestive behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters in small ruminants

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 458-459

Author(s):

Marina de Paula Almeida ◽

Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira ◽

João Paulo Ismério Monnerat dos Santos ◽

João Vitor Fernandes Clemente ◽

Maria Gabriela da Conceição ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Ruminants ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Corn Gluten Feed ◽

Resting Time ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Gluten Feed ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Corn Grain

Abstract A duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design evaluated the effects of replacing ground corn grain (GCG) by sugar-based byproducts plus corn gluten feed (SBB-CGF) on ingestive behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters in small ruminants. Four ruminally cannulated wether sheep and four wether goats (72 and 65 ± 2.3 kg BW, respectively) were individually allocated to 8 pens, over 4 periods of 19-d each (12 d adaptation plus 7 d of sample collection) to receive a diet containing 50% roughage (bermudagrass hay; Cynodon sp.) and 50% concentrate (80% GCG, 16% soybean meal, and 4% premix) with 4 levels of inclusion of SBB-CGF in replacement of GCG (0, 33, 66, and 100%, DM basis). Corn gluten feed was used with SBB to maintain the diets isonitrogenous. Ruminal fluid was collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after the morning feeding, whereas ingestive behavior was assessed on the d 12 of each period for 24 h. Resting time linearly increased with greater inclusion levels of SBB-GCF (P = 0.04; 15.6, 15.7, 16.0, 16.8 h/d). Rumination time was greater (P = 0.001), whereas resting time was lower (P = 0.002) for wether sheep vs. goats (6.5 vs. 4.3 h/d and 15 vs. 17 h/d, respectively). Ruminal concentrations of ammonia-N (P = 0.05; 13.3, 13.2, 10.4, and 10.4 mg dL-1), acetate (P = 0.001; 58.9, 49.6, 48.5, and 43.1 mM), and acetate:propionate ratio (P < 0.001; 3.6, 2.4, 2.0, and 1.9 mM) linearly decreased, whereas propionate concentrations (P = 0.01; 17.9, 23.0, 30.6, and 28.8 mM) linearly increased with greater levels of SBB-GCF in the diet. In conclusion, sugar-based byproducts plus corn gluten feed can replace ground corn grain up to 100% in the diets of goats and sheep consuming a 50:50 roughage:concentrate diet without compromising the ingestive behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters.

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ENERGY AND PROTEIN INGREDIENTS FOR USE IN PIAPARA (Megaleporinus obtusidens) DIETS: NUTRITIVE VALUE AND INTESTINAL MORPHOMETRY

Boletim do Instituto de Pesca ◽

10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

Author(s):

Renata Akemi TANAKA ◽

Viviane do Nascimento Santana de ALMEIDA ◽

Carolina Vasconcelos Tavares de FARIAS ◽

Luana Camargo SOUSA ◽

Gabriela Castellani CARLI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Corn Germ ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Intestinal Morphometry

The apparent digestibility coefficients for crude protein (ADCCP), dry matter (ADCDM), and gross energy (ADCGE) of ingredients were determined for piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens). Test diets were formulated to contain 69.5% of reference diet, 0.5% of chromium oxide, and 30% of test ingredients. The protein ingredients evaluated were tilapia processing residue meal (TPRM), feather and poultry blood meal (FPBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), cottonseed meal (CM), corn gluten meal (CGM), and soybean meal (SM); the energy ingredients tested were corn (C), corn germ meal (CGRM), rice meal (RM), wheat bran (WB), and sorghum (S). Groups of 30 piaparas were fed twice daily during five days with test diets. Intestinal morphometry of fish were also evaluated. Digestibility coefficients of protein and energy ingredients were highest for soybean meal (ADCDM = 85.8%; ADCCP = 95.2%; and ADCGE = 87.2%) and corn (ADCDM = 94.5%; ADCCP = 76.2%; and ADCGE = 89.3%), respectively. Of the energy test ingredients analyzed, corn had the highest digestibility coefficients and induced beneficial changes on intestinal morphology compared to sorghum and corn germ meal. All protein ingredients showed potential for use in piapara diets, except meat and bone meal .

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