The first detection of Botryosphaeria sinensis on white lupine

Fungal strain MF KP-12.1, which is similar in morphological and cultural characteristics to Botryosphaeria fungi, was isolated from the seeds of white lupine variety Dega grown in Oryol region in 2018. Phylogenetic analysis of the large rRNA subunit (LSU), elongation factor-1α (TEF) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fragments was used to accurately identify the isolated strain as B. sinensis. When 2-week-old white lupine plants were treated under laboratory conditions with mycelial suspension of B. sinensis MF KP-12.1, plant damage reached 67 % on day 3, and 100 % plant death was observed on day 10. Pathogenicity of B. sinensis MF KP-12.1 was confirmed by re-isolation of the strain from damaged plant tissue. This is the first detection of B. sinensis on white lupine, which has not been previously reported as a host for this fungus. It is also the first detection of B. sinensis in Russia.

WHITE LUPINE IN FULL-COMPLETE FEEDS

The article is devoted to the current problem of providing rations with a source of protein with a high biological value. Such a source is suggested to be white lupine and products of its processing. Since, white lupine exceeds the protein content of peas, vetch and other legumes by more than 10%. And the significant content of fat in its composition allows, when using it, to reduce or completely abandon the use of sunflower oil in the diet. This favorably distinguishes white lupine from soybean and sunflower meal and cake, as well as partially animal feed, which are currently used as the main sources of fodder protein. This statement is confirmed in our experiments. As a result, it was found that the use of white lupine in the structures of complete feeds can improve the nutritional value of rations. It has a positive effect on the increase in live weight in animals with the inclusion of native white lupine in the structure of the diet in an amount of 10% to 33%, respectively, with a content of lupine in the diet of 20%, the increase in live weight is 95% higher. Provides a decrease in the cost of the resulting complete feed, when lupine is included in its structure in an amount of 10% by 4.35% and with a lupine content of 20%, the cost of 1 kg of compound feed is reduced by 14.49%. The use of white lupine allowed the experimental animals to use the food efficiently. The lowest costs were observed in the 3 test group. Energy costs were lower by 48.80%, crude protein by 47.22% and digestible protein by 51.3%. In the 2 experimental groups, the costs of metabolic energy, crude protein and digestible protein were lower by 25.00%, 26.38% and 39.20, respectively. Thus, the inclusion of white lupine in the structure of the diet helps to improve the nutritional value of rations, to reduce the cost of nutrients and feed, improving the economic indicators of the maintenance of animals.

STUDY OF PROTEIN AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LUPINE SEEDS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES

Исследования фракционного состава белков и жирнокислотного состава масел безалкалоидных и малоалкалоидных сортов люпина для производства кормов и продуктов питания являются актуальными в современных социально-экономических условиях, когда требуется найти альтернативу соевым продуктам. В данной работе изучались фракционный состав белков и жирнокислотный состав масла семян 11 образцов малоалкалоидных сортов люпина отечественной селекции трех видов: белого, желтого и узколистного. Самое высокое содержание сырого протеина выявлено в образцах семян желтого люпина, в семенах белого люпина содержание сырого протеина было немного ниже, а все исследованные образцы сортов узколистного люпина характеризовались самым низким содержанием сырого протеина. Суммарное количество растворимых белков в семенах люпина было высоким и изменялось от 84,21 до 92,45 %. Во всех исследованных образцах сортов белого люпина преобладала альбуминовая фракция, в семенах сортов узколистного и желтого люпина – глобулиновая фракция. Содержание сырого жира в семенах разных сортов изменялось от 4,62 до 9,28%. Обнаружены различия в жирнокислотном составе масла семян люпина разной видовой принадлежности. Жирнокислотный состав семян характеризовался преобладанием олеиновой кислоты в масле семян сортов белого люпина, при явном преобладании линолевой кислоты в сортах желтого и узколистного люпина. Researches of protein fractional composition and fatty-acid composition of nonalkaloid and low-alkaloid lupine varieties oils for food production are actual in modern social and economic conditions, when it is required to find an alternative for soybean products. In the present work, the protein fractional composition and fatty acid composition of seeds of 11 low-alkaloid lupine varieties of domestic selection of three species: white, yellow and narrow-leaved lupine were investigated. The highest content of crude protein was detected in seed samples of yellow lupine, the crude protein content in white lupine seeds was slightly lower, and all the studied samples of narrow-leaved lupine were characterized by the lowest crude protein content. The total amount of soluble proteins in lupine seeds was high and varied from 84,21 to 92,45 %. In all examined samples of white lupine varieties the albumin fraction dominated, while in seeds of narrow-leaved and yellow lupine varieties the globulin fraction dominated. The crude fat content in the seeds of the different varieties varied from 4,62 to 9,28%. Differences were found in the fatty acid composition of lupin seed oil of different species. The fatty-acid composition of seeds was characterized by the predominance of oleic acid in the oil of white lupine varieties, with a clear predominance of linoleic acid in yellow and narrow-leaved lupine varieties.

Dependence of productivity of white lupine seeds on the foliar dressing with macro- and micronutrient fertilizers

The paper presents the results of the studies on the determination of the effect of foliar dressings with macro- and micronutrient fertilizers on linear growth, the mass of air-dry matter of plants, leaf surface, the formation of a symbiotic apparatus and the yield of seeds of white lupine (Lupinualbus L.) in the conditions of black soils of the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation. The field experiments were carried out in 2018-2020 at the Department of Crop production, Breeding and Horticulture of Belgorod State Agrarian University. The object of the research is a high-intensity variety of white Degas lupine. The subject of the research is microfertilizer Aquamix-TV, potassium sulfate fertilizer (K2SO4), phosphate-potassium monophosphate fertilizer (KH2PO4). The weather during the years of the experiments was hot and dry. During the critical periods of the development of lupine plants, a moisture deficit was observed with the excess of heat. The soil cover of the experimental site was represented by a typical medium-thick low-humus heavy loamy black soil with a granulometric composition. The accounting area of the plot was 18 m2, the replication was fourfold and the placement was systematic. The experiment included six variants: control (without fertilizers), foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV micronutrient fertilizer, foliar dressing with potassium sulfate solution, foliar dressing with potassium monophosphate solution, foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV + potassium sulfate mixture and foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV + monophosphate mixture potassium. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the highest yield of seeds of white lupine variety Dega was obtained on variants with foliar dressing with micronutrient fertilizer Aquamix-TV in combination with potassium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate, which amounted to 3.52 and 3.51 t / ha, respectively, which is 0.52 and 0.51 t / ha or 17.3 and 17.1% more than the control variant.

The effect of new forms of micro-fertilizers on the yield and quality of white lupine

The limiting factor of yield is often the insufficient supply of plants with nutrients during the growing season. In this regard, it is necessary to find new techniques that provide a solution to this problem. The article presents the results of studies of micro-fertilizers on the yield and quality of white lupine grain. The use of Aquamix ST fertilizers and potassium Metaborate contributed to an increase in the yield of white lupine grain by an average of 37.5 and 35.4%. In all variants of applying Aquamix ST, an increase in the protein content in the white lupine grain of the Pilgrim variety was found. The excess over the control varied from 5.0 to 5.8 %. The use of Aquamix ST and potassium Metaborate on vegetative plants reduced the alkaloid content of lupin grain by 24.7 … 34.6%. Treatment of white lupine crops in the budding phase with Aquamix ST and potassium Metaborate increased the carotene content in the grain by 34.3 - 25.0%, respectively. The analysis of the data showed that the maximum amount of lysine and carotene was characterized by a variant that includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Aquamix ST and subsequent treatment of vegetating plants in the budding phase. On average, over the years of research, the use of micro and macro fertilizers led to an increase in feed units and digestible protein with the yield of lupine grain. More valuable in terms of feed were the options that combine high yield with high grain quality. The greatest collection of digestible protein of 1.26 t/ha, feed units of 6.0 t/ha and exchange energy of 54.8 GJ/ha was provided by Aquamix ST in the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment and two treatments for vegetation. Potassium metaborate, used for the treatment of vegetative plants in the budding phase, showed almost the same results.

Productivity and grain quality indicators of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) variety Degas when using sodium selenite

The aim of the research was to study the sodium selenite using various methods effect on the yield and quality of Degas variety white lupine grain. To solve these issues microfield experiment on the experimental plot of the Department of agronomic, biological chemistry and radiology of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy was carried out. Thus, it was found that the use of sodium selenite for foliar treatment of plants contributed to the greatest increase in the yield of white lupine plants. The increase in the grain yield of 27% compared to the control was obtained. The increase in the weight of the beans was revealed by almost 2 times. This indicates the influence of sodium selenite on the processes of fruit formation and the process of laying the seed productivity of lupine plants. The greatest effect of foliar treatment of plants with sodium selenite was found. In this variant, the largest increase in grain yield and the highest content of crude protein in the lupine grain were obtained. It is concluded that the use of selenium affects the formation of beans and grains in them, which determines the increase in plant yield.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS OF PLANTS LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L. AND LUPINUS ALBUS L. OF THE KALININGRAD REGION

The aim of the work was to study the chemical composition of seeds of plants Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., growing in the Kaliningrad region. Lupin is a promising crop due to the high content of biologically valuable protein in its seeds, as well as minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, water - and fat-soluble biologically active substances. The paper considers the amino acid, mineral, and fatty acid composition of seeds, presents data on the content of water-soluble vitamins in them, and shows the component composition of chloroform extracts of seeds. The total number of amino acids (47.72±0.37 and 38.655±0.32%, respectively) was found in the seeds of narrow-leaved and white lupine, and a high content of glutamic acid and asparagine was found. The macronutrient composition, which is dominated by potassium, phosphorus and calcium, was studied. Among the microelements of seeds, manganese, iron, zinc and silicon predominate. A particularly high content of manganese in white lupin seeds (192.14±1.67 mg per 100 g) was noted. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of lupin seed oils showed a high degree of unsaturation with a high content of oleic and linoleic acids. Both types of lupine contain thiamine, pyridoxine, and niacin, while white lupine seeds also contain Pantothenic and folic acids. Сhromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the fraction isolated by chloroform from lupine seeds showed the presence of substances of the terpenes class (farnesene, neofitadiene, γ-tocopherol) and steriodic alcohols (campesterol, β-sitosterol).