Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury in an Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Itaricely de Assis ◽  
Jonathan Estevam dos Santos ◽  
Maria Valadares Sinicio Abib ◽  
Luana Furtado Bueno ◽  
Manuela de Mendonça Figueirêdo Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Stage 1

BACKGROUND: Medical devices can cause pressure injuries. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) in an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed among adult patients (at least 18 years of age) admitted to an ICU in a referral hospital in Brazil between December 2019 and February 2020. The skin of patients who consented to participate was assessed for the presence of an MDRPI, and the use of all medical devices was noted. Other independent variables (sociodemographic variables, medical history, pressure injury risk factors, medications, and length of hospitalization) were abstracted from the medical records. Bivariate data analysis included Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test; odds ratio and a confidence interval of 95% also were established. Correlation among independent variables and MDRPI was determined using the ρ Spearman correlation test, and a hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis was performed using statistically significant variables from the bivariate analysis. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The 125 study participants ranged in age from 15 to 97 years (mean, 63.02 ± 19.2), 76 (60.8%) were men, and 76 (60.8%) were White. Of the 125 participants, 43 (34%) experienced MDRPI; the total number of MDRPIs was 58 (3 patients had 3 injuries, and 7 patients had 2 injuries). Of those 58 MDRPIs, 46 were stage 1, and 12 were stage 2. Polypharmacy (> 4 medications) was a significant risk factor for MDRPI. Use of a nasal catheter, cord for orotracheal tube fixation, oximeter, intra-abdominal pressure equipment, and indwelling urinary catheter was significantly associated with the presence of MDRPI. Renal and respiratory diseases and the presence of infection were positively related to the presence of MDRPI. CONCLUSION: Medical device-related pressure injury was prevalent in this patient population. Most of these injuries were stage 1, which suggests that frequent monitoring and device repositioning (when possible) may help prevent more serious injuries. Additional research involving other hospitals in Brazil is needed to increase the understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of MDRPIs in patients in the ICU.

Nosocomial Sepsis and its Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Yadav ◽  
SP Yadav ◽  
P Kanodia ◽  
N K Bhatta ◽  
R R Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nosocomial Sepsis

Introduction: Nosocomial sepsis is a common and serious infection of neonates who are admitted in intensive care unit. They lead to significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and resource limited countries. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a suitable environment for disseminating the infections and, hence, needs preventive intervention. The study was carried out to determine the risk factors for nosocomial sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a seven bedded teaching and referral hospital NICU. All neonates in NICU who did not have any sign of infection at admission and remained hospitalized for at least 48 hours were observed. Nosocomial sepsis was diagnosed according to the CDC criteria. Risk factors for nosocomial sepsis were analyzed with Chi-square test and Logistic regression model. P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Low birth weight (both preterm and IUGR) and mechanical ventilation were found to be related with nosocomial sepsis. Conclusions: Low birth weight and mechanical ventilation were the most important risk factors fornosocomial sepsis.

scholarly journals Risk factors for monoinfections and coinfections with HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in northern Spanish prisoners

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PALLÁS ◽  
C. FARIÑAS-ÁLVAREZ ◽  
D. PRIETO ◽  
J. LLORCA ◽  
M. DELGADO-RODRÍGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Hepatitis C Viruses ◽  
Hcv Coinfection ◽  
Strength Of Association

A cross-sectional study was conducted in prisons of Cantabria (northern Spain) from June 1992 to December 1994. Inmates were asked to participate in a survey on prevalence and risk factors for monoinfections and coinfections with HIV, HBV and HCV. Crude and multiple odds ratios of risk factors were calculated (by polychotomous logistic regression). Prevalence of coinfections was higher than that of monoinfections. IDU risk factors were the main independent variables associated with monoinfections and coinfections with these agents. The strength of association increased with the degree of coinfection for IDU risk factors and penal status, e.g. duration of injecting drug use for more than 5 years yielded an adjusted OR ranging from 1·3 (95% CI: 0·4–5·1) for HBV monoinfection to 180 (95% CI: 61·0–540·0) for HIV–HBV–HCV coinfection. In comparison, sexual behaviours were less important than IDU risk factors.

scholarly journals Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with drug use in truck drivers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: A cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Moura Pereira ◽  
Antonio Padua Mansur ◽  
Julio Yoshio Takada ◽  
Vilma Leyton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables

Abstract Background: The irregular routine of truck drivers favors the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be exacerbated by the use of illicit drugs. This study analyzed the association between the previous use of illicit drugs by truck drivers with the health risk variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 2,071 truck drivers who traveled through the state of São Paulo between 2010 and 2016. Socioeconomic and occupational variables, risk factors for CVD, use of illicit drugs were analyzed. Clinical and toxicological tests were also carried out. The stepwise logistic regression model was used for adjusted analysis. The dependent variable was previous use of illicit drugs, and the independent variables were those with p<0.1 at bivariate analysis.Results: The average age of the truck drivers was 42.27 ± 11.07 years, and the use of illicit drugs, at least once while working, was reported or detected in 388 (18.7%) drivers. Compared to non-users, drug users were younger (37.25 ± 9.45 vs. 43.43 ± 11.1 years; p <0.001) and single (43.3% vs. 28.4%; p <0.001). The independent variables age [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 - 0.95; p<0.001)], smoking [OR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39 - 3.44; p = 0.001)], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.626 (95% CI: 1.06 - 2.49; p = 0.026)] and hours of driving per day [OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01 - 1.15; p = 0.012)] were also associated with the use of illicit drugs.Conclusion: The use of illicit drugs was higher in young and single drivers and was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and more driving hours, which are risk factors for NCDs, CVD and traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Mortality Predictors and Associated Factors in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fernanda G. de M. Soares Pinheiro ◽  
Eduesley Santana Santos ◽  
Íkaro Daniel de C. Barreto ◽  
Carleara Weiss ◽  
Andreia C. Vaez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Charlson Score ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbance

Background. Mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been associated to an array of risk factors. Identification of risk factors potentially contribute to predict and reduce mortality rates in the ICU. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with the mortality and to analyze the survival. Method. A cross-sectional study conducted in two clinical and surgical ICU in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. We enrolled 316 patients with at least 48 h of hospitalization, minimum age of 18 years old, sedated or weaned, with RASS ≥ −3, between July 2017 and April 2018. We categorized data in (1) age and gender, (2) clinical condition, and (3) prevalence of delirium. Data from enrolled patients were collected from enrollment until death or ICU discharge. Patients’ outcomes were categorized in (1) death and (2) nondeath (discharge). Results. Twenty-one percent of participants died. Age (53 ± 17 years vs. 45 ± 18 years, p<0.01), electrolyte disturbance (30.3% vs 18.1%, p=0.029), glycemic index (33.3% vs 18.2%, p=0.008), tube feeding (83.3% vs 67.1%, p=0.01), mechanical ventilation (50% vs 35.7%, p=0.035), sedation with fentanyl (24.2 vs 13.6, p=0.035), use of insulin (33.8% vs 21.7%, p=0.042), and higher Charlson score (2.61 vs 2.17, p=0.041) were significantly associated with death on the adjusted model. However, the regression model indicated that patients admitted from the emergency (HR = 0.40, p=0.006) and glycemic index alterations (HR = 1.68, p=0.047) were associated with mortality. There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.540) in survival between patients with and without delirium, based on the survival analysis and length of hospitalization. Conclusion. The prevalence of death was 21%, and age, electrolyte disturbance, glycemic index, tube feeding, mechanical ventilation, sedation with fentanyl, use of insulin, and higher Charlson score were associated with mortality.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk factors of Hypoglycaemia in Neonates at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bereket Yismaw Fantahun ◽  
Ikram Nurussen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Abstract Background Hypoglycaemia is a common metabolic abnormality seen in neonates that can cause preventable death. Its overall incidence has been estimated to be 1 to 5 per 1,000 live births, with higher incidence in at-risk populations. There is limited data regarding its prevalence and risk factors in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycaemia in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted from June 17 to August 3, 2018 at SPHMMC, NICU. Neonates whose age was less than 48hrs and admitted to NICU were enrolled. Sociodemographic, maternal and neonatal factors were collected using structured questionnaire. Blood glucose was measured using glucometer with a test strip. Random blood glucose level < 47mg/dl was taken as a cut-off point to define hypoglycaemia. The data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results Neonatal hypoglycaemia was detected in 25% (49/196) of the neonates. Birth weight, duration of labor, maternal age, time of feeding initiation, hypothermia and respiratory distress syndrome were associated with hypoglycaemia. From these factors, maternal age, birth weight and hypothermia were found to be independent predictors of the outcome. Conclusion Hypoglycaemia was prevalent in neonates admitted to the NICU of SPHMMC and was associated with low birth weight and hypothermia. These findings calls for early detection of hypoglycaemia, prevention of hypothermia and early initiation of feeding to prevent neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Prevalence and risk factors for burnout syndrome among Brazilian intensive care unit professionals: A multicenter cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Regis Goulart Rosa ◽  
Renata Kochhann ◽  
Rafaela Moraes de Moura ◽  
Mariana Martins Siqueira Santos ◽  
Daniel Sganzerla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of dysnatremia in sick newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2369
Author(s):  
Farogh Hassan ◽  
Vasanth N. Kumar ◽  
Imran Asghar ◽  
Lata Jha ◽  
Indranil Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The objective of the study was to study the prevalence and various risk factors of dysnatremia in sick newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: Cross sectional study conducted in Paediatric Department of tertiary care hospital from February 2016 to October 2016 which includes 384 neonates admitted to NICU during the study period. After informed consent, detailed history was taken and clinical examination carried out in both cases and controls. Blood investigations were done to diagnose sodium levels in sick neonates. Based on the corrected sodium values, the subjects were classified as having hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 meq/l), hypernatremia (serum sodium >145 meq/l) or normonatremia (serum sodium 135 to 145 meq/l).Results: The mean (SD) (range) serum sodium in sick newborns measured was 136.72 (6.7) (115-165) meq/l at a median (range) age of 56.97 (1-545) hours. Out of 384 sodium values obtained, 285 (74.2%) were sent on ≤3 days, 64 (16.7%) between 4th to the 6th day and 35 (9.1%) were sent on ≥7 days. The overall frequency of dysnatremia in 384 sodium values from 384 patients was 142 (37%). Hyponatremia was observed in 117 (30.5%) and hypernatremia in 25 (6.5%) of sodium values. Hyponatremia observed in term, low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight neonates were 16.4%, 25.2%, 67.2% and 100% respectively whereas hypernatremia were 10.1%, 4.6%, 3.4% and 0% respectively. Various risk factors for hyponatremia namely; prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, renal failure, birth asphyxia, sepsis, meningitis, vomiting/ nasogastric drainage.Conclusions: Hyponatremia are common in sick newborns in NICU.

scholarly journals Association of health determinants and depressive symptoms with tooth loss in the Serbian adult population: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 985-997
Author(s):  
Dusan Cankovic ◽  
Milos Cankovic ◽  
Snezana Ukropina ◽  
Vesna Mijatovic-Jovanovic ◽  
Sonja Cankovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables

Background/Aim. Oral diseases appear to be the major risk factors for tooth loss, but social factors and other determinants could play an important role as well. The aim of this study was to determine whether the possible independent sociodemographic risk factors and depressive disorders could contribute to the tooth loss in the adult population of Serbia. Methods. This cross-sectional study analysed the 2013 National Health Survey results for the population of Serbia (without the data for Kosovo and Metohia population). The sample was selected to provide the statistically reliable estimates at the national level. Study included 13,519 adults of 20 years of age, or above. The mean age of participants was 49.9 years including 6,998 (51.8%) females and 6,518 (48.2%) males. The number of missing teeth was dependent variable while the independent variables were: gender, age, marital status, education, employment status, Wealth Index, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), milk and milk products intake, fruit intake excluding juices, vegetable and salad intake (excluding potato), and depression. To measure the current depression, the standardized and validated the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 score was used. Edentulism (complete or partial) was defined as a loss of natural teeth. In order to determine the predictors of tooth loss, the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were implemented for all types of tooth loss. Results. The significant differences were observed among the categories of edentulism in relation to independent variables except vegetable and salad intake. The prevalence of all missing teeth was highest in the females, the respondents with a low level of education, inactive, underweight (BMI < 18.5) and respondents with moderately severe depressive episodes (PHQ-8 score 15 to 19). In the multivariate model, we found that the demographic factors (age, living with a partner), socioeconomic factors (primary and secondary education, Wealth Index), smoking, BMI, the PHQ-8 score and the depressive symptoms were significantly associated with partial tooth loss. Conclusion. Study demonstrated that sociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well as the symptoms of depresssion are also important factors related to the tooth loss. This study can help to advance the need for health programs focusing on education, smoking cessation, dietary habits as well as regular visits to the dentist.

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