Risk factors for monoinfections and coinfections with HIV, 
hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in northern Spanish 
prisoners

A cross-sectional study was conducted in prisons of Cantabria (northern Spain) from June 1992 to December 1994. Inmates were asked to participate in a survey on prevalence and risk factors for monoinfections and coinfections with HIV, HBV and HCV. Crude and multiple odds ratios of risk factors were calculated (by polychotomous logistic regression). Prevalence of coinfections was higher than that of monoinfections. IDU risk factors were the main independent variables associated with monoinfections and coinfections with these agents. The strength of association increased with the degree of coinfection for IDU risk factors and penal status, e.g. duration of injecting drug use for more than 5 years yielded an adjusted OR ranging from 1·3 (95% CI: 0·4–5·1) for HBV monoinfection to 180 (95% CI: 61·0–540·0) for HIV–HBV–HCV coinfection. In comparison, sexual behaviours were less important than IDU risk factors.

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Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with drug use in truck drivers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: A cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21248/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Moura Pereira ◽

Antonio Padua Mansur ◽

Julio Yoshio Takada ◽

Vilma Leyton

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Truck Drivers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables

Abstract Background: The irregular routine of truck drivers favors the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be exacerbated by the use of illicit drugs. This study analyzed the association between the previous use of illicit drugs by truck drivers with the health risk variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 2,071 truck drivers who traveled through the state of São Paulo between 2010 and 2016. Socioeconomic and occupational variables, risk factors for CVD, use of illicit drugs were analyzed. Clinical and toxicological tests were also carried out. The stepwise logistic regression model was used for adjusted analysis. The dependent variable was previous use of illicit drugs, and the independent variables were those with p<0.1 at bivariate analysis.Results: The average age of the truck drivers was 42.27 ± 11.07 years, and the use of illicit drugs, at least once while working, was reported or detected in 388 (18.7%) drivers. Compared to non-users, drug users were younger (37.25 ± 9.45 vs. 43.43 ± 11.1 years; p <0.001) and single (43.3% vs. 28.4%; p <0.001). The independent variables age [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 - 0.95; p<0.001)], smoking [OR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39 - 3.44; p = 0.001)], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.626 (95% CI: 1.06 - 2.49; p = 0.026)] and hours of driving per day [OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01 - 1.15; p = 0.012)] were also associated with the use of illicit drugs.Conclusion: The use of illicit drugs was higher in young and single drivers and was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and more driving hours, which are risk factors for NCDs, CVD and traffic accidents.

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Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury in an Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study

Wound Management & Prevention ◽

10.25270/wmp.2021.11.2632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Itaricely de Assis ◽

Jonathan Estevam dos Santos ◽

Maria Valadares Sinicio Abib ◽

Luana Furtado Bueno ◽

Manuela de Mendonça Figueirêdo Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Medical Device ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Pressure Injury ◽

Stage 1

BACKGROUND: Medical devices can cause pressure injuries. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) in an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed among adult patients (at least 18 years of age) admitted to an ICU in a referral hospital in Brazil between December 2019 and February 2020. The skin of patients who consented to participate was assessed for the presence of an MDRPI, and the use of all medical devices was noted. Other independent variables (sociodemographic variables, medical history, pressure injury risk factors, medications, and length of hospitalization) were abstracted from the medical records. Bivariate data analysis included Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test; odds ratio and a confidence interval of 95% also were established. Correlation among independent variables and MDRPI was determined using the ρ Spearman correlation test, and a hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis was performed using statistically significant variables from the bivariate analysis. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The 125 study participants ranged in age from 15 to 97 years (mean, 63.02 ± 19.2), 76 (60.8%) were men, and 76 (60.8%) were White. Of the 125 participants, 43 (34%) experienced MDRPI; the total number of MDRPIs was 58 (3 patients had 3 injuries, and 7 patients had 2 injuries). Of those 58 MDRPIs, 46 were stage 1, and 12 were stage 2. Polypharmacy (> 4 medications) was a significant risk factor for MDRPI. Use of a nasal catheter, cord for orotracheal tube fixation, oximeter, intra-abdominal pressure equipment, and indwelling urinary catheter was significantly associated with the presence of MDRPI. Renal and respiratory diseases and the presence of infection were positively related to the presence of MDRPI. CONCLUSION: Medical device-related pressure injury was prevalent in this patient population. Most of these injuries were stage 1, which suggests that frequent monitoring and device repositioning (when possible) may help prevent more serious injuries. Additional research involving other hospitals in Brazil is needed to increase the understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of MDRPIs in patients in the ICU.

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Association of health determinants and depressive symptoms with tooth loss in the Serbian adult population: A cross-sectional study

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp171011182c ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (10) ◽

pp. 985-997

Author(s):

Dusan Cankovic ◽

Milos Cankovic ◽

Snezana Ukropina ◽

Vesna Mijatovic-Jovanovic ◽

Sonja Cankovic

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Adult Population ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables

Background/Aim. Oral diseases appear to be the major risk factors for tooth loss, but social factors and other determinants could play an important role as well. The aim of this study was to determine whether the possible independent sociodemographic risk factors and depressive disorders could contribute to the tooth loss in the adult population of Serbia. Methods. This cross-sectional study analysed the 2013 National Health Survey results for the population of Serbia (without the data for Kosovo and Metohia population). The sample was selected to provide the statistically reliable estimates at the national level. Study included 13,519 adults of 20 years of age, or above. The mean age of participants was 49.9 years including 6,998 (51.8%) females and 6,518 (48.2%) males. The number of missing teeth was dependent variable while the independent variables were: gender, age, marital status, education, employment status, Wealth Index, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), milk and milk products intake, fruit intake excluding juices, vegetable and salad intake (excluding potato), and depression. To measure the current depression, the standardized and validated the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 score was used. Edentulism (complete or partial) was defined as a loss of natural teeth. In order to determine the predictors of tooth loss, the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were implemented for all types of tooth loss. Results. The significant differences were observed among the categories of edentulism in relation to independent variables except vegetable and salad intake. The prevalence of all missing teeth was highest in the females, the respondents with a low level of education, inactive, underweight (BMI < 18.5) and respondents with moderately severe depressive episodes (PHQ-8 score 15 to 19). In the multivariate model, we found that the demographic factors (age, living with a partner), socioeconomic factors (primary and secondary education, Wealth Index), smoking, BMI, the PHQ-8 score and the depressive symptoms were significantly associated with partial tooth loss. Conclusion. Study demonstrated that sociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well as the symptoms of depresssion are also important factors related to the tooth loss. This study can help to advance the need for health programs focusing on education, smoking cessation, dietary habits as well as regular visits to the dentist.

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PRRSV: Risikofaktoren und Herdenprävalenz in Deutschland

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.1055/a-0867-8990 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (02) ◽

pp. 132-132

Author(s):

Sebastian Ganz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Klinische Symptome

Nathues C, Janssen E, Duengelhoef A et al. Cross-sectional study on risk factors for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus sow herd instability in German breeding herds. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60 (1): 1–8 In mit PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrom Virus) infizierten Schweinebeständen zeigen die Tiere oftmals ernsthafte klinische Symptome. Die Schwere der Symptomatik hängt von der Virulenz der jeweiligen Virusstämme ab. Deshalb ist die Impfung gegen diesen Erreger sinnvoll und wird empfohlen, auch wenn sie nicht immer klinische Fälle verhindert bzw. das Virus vollends eliminiert. Aufgrund dessen rückt die Prävention durch Verbesserung der innerbetrieblichen Abläufe zunehmend in den Fokus. Um solche Maßnahmen erfolgreich etablieren zu können, ist es wichtig, den epidemiologischen Status der Herde und mögliche Risikofaktoren zu kennen. Ziel der Studie war deshalb, die Prävalenz der Infektion in Sauenbetrieben in Norddeutschland zu eruieren und verschiedene Arbeitsabläufe hinsichtlich des Risikos der Erregerverbreitung zu untersuchen.

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