scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Management of Rhizoctonia Fragariae the Pathogen of Black Root Rot of Strawberry Plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Brwa Azad Aziz ◽  
Qasim Abdulla Marzani
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
And Control ◽  
Important Disease

Strawberry plants are susceptible to a large number of pests and diseases and this can affect the quality and yield value of the fruit. Black root rot is an important disease of strawberry caused by a complex of fungi including Rhizoctonia. The most recognizable species of Rhizoctonia are R. solani and R. fragariae which are multinucleate and binucleate species, respectively. This work is aimed to isolate, identify and control the strawberry root rot caused by R. fragariae. Infected strawberry samples were collected from Erbil, Slemani, Duhok and Garmiyan Provinces. The identification of isolated fungi was achieved by using traditional methods along with molecular methods using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the later method, specific primers were designed and used to identify Rhizoctonia species. Several disease management options, including biological by using two species of Trichoderma, and chemical methods using Pristine fungicide, were also investigated. Sampling of strawberry plants revealed that the disease is prevalent in Kurdistan region and the isolated fungi, R. solani, Rhizoctonia sp., and R. fragariae, were pathogens of the disease causing crown and root rot of strawberry. PCR amplification was confirmed the identification of the species of Rhizoctonia. The results of control methods revealed that the most effective treatments were achieved using the fungicide followed by the use of the combination of T. harzianum and T. viride.

Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tomato and Control Methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusret Ozbay ◽  
Steven E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Microdochium tabacinum, Confirmed as a Pathogen of Alfalfa in Gansu Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Wen ◽  
Tingyu Duan ◽  
Michael J. Christensen ◽  
Zhibiao Nan
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Diseased Root ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

A crown and root rot complex was detected in the alfalfa (Medicago sativa ‘Longdong’) fields of Huanxian County. The symptoms of the diseased plants were characterized, and 11 fungal species were obtained from the roots. These fungi included isolates that resembled the genus Microdochium. An isolate of this type, designated MP313, was proven to infect alfalfa, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Isolate MP313 was examined by microscopy and the morphological characteristics indicated that it was similar to members of the genus Microdochium. Sequence analyses of the 28S large subunit as well as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of MP313 revealed 98 to 100% similarity to the corresponding regions of M. tabacinum. A polymerase chain reaction assay based on the ITS region of the rDNA was developed to amplify a 304-bp fragment from DNA concentrations as low as 20 fg/μl, which was sensitive enough to detect isolate MP313 in diseased root samples. Taken together, these results confirmed that M. tabacinum was one of a complex of fungi associated with crown and root rot in the alfalfa samples collected in Gansu Province. This is the first report of M. tabacinum being a pathogen of alfalfa in China.

scholarly journals Doenças do álamo

FLORESTA ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUISE LARISSA MAY-DE MIO ◽  
LILIAN AMORIM
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternaria Tenuis ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
Important Disease

A cultura do álamo no Brasil, assim como no resto do mundo, enfrenta sérios desafios em relação a pragas e doenças. No que se refere a doenças, a ferrugem das folhas, causada por Melampsora medusae, é a mais importante da cultura. A doença provoca pústulas nas folhas, aonde são produzidos urediniósporos em grande número, responsáveis pela disseminação, podendo ocasionar epidemias no verão. Com o avanço da doença, a queda das folhas é antecipada, interferindo no crescimento da árvore e armazenamento de energia para o próximo ciclo. Além da ferrugem, outras manchas foliares como as causadas por Septoria, Alternaria tenuis e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides já foram detectadas no Brasil. A mancha de Septoria é a mais importante pois o patógeno causa cancros nos galhos e tronco das árvores. Também são relatadas na literatura manchas foliares causadas por Marssonina spp, Taphrina spp e Venturia spp, além de diversos cancros e algumas podridões radiculares. Abstract The poplar crop in Brazil, as in the rest of the world, has been attacked by a number of pests and diseases. The leaf rust, caused by Melampsora medusae is the most important disease. It causes pustules in leaves, which produces uredinospores in large quantities which spreads the disease causing epidemics in the summer time. After several cycles of the pathogen, the plant is early defoliated, grows poorly and retains less energy for the next year. Besides this disease, other leaf diseases caused by Septoria, Alternaria tenuis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides have already been detected in Brazil. Leaf spot caused by S. musiva is the most important because the pathogen causes cankers in stems and branches. Other diseases have already been mentioned in different publications such as leaf spots caused by Marssonina spp, Taphrina spp, and Venturia spp, as well as several cankers and some root rot.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Control of Black Root Rot of Peony (Paeonia lactiflora) on Continuous Cropping

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Yong Choi ◽  
Kyeng-Seok Park ◽  
Ki-Jae Kim ◽  
Jae-Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Paeonia Lactiflora ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Genetic Identification of Eggs Purportedly From the Extinct Labrador Duck (Camptorhynchus Labradorius)

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 962-968
Author(s):  
Glen Chilton ◽  
Michael D. Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control

Abstract Material extracted from inside the shells of nine purported Labrador Duck (Camptorhynchus labradorius) eggs was subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. For each egg, partial sequences of one to three mitochondrial genes (12S, ND2, and control region) were compared with sequences derived from a Labrador Duck specimen and representatives of several other waterfowl species. Sequences from six eggs were consistent with those of the Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator), whereas the sequences from one egg was most consistent with that of the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima). The remaining two eggs yielded sequences consistent with that of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) or a domestic duck. Regrettably, none of the eggs provided additional information about the breeding grounds of the extinct Labrador Duck. To our knowledge, this is the first report of DNA extraction and amplification from old eggshells of birds. Identification génétique d'œufs présumés provenir de l'espèce disparue Camptorhynchus labradorius

scholarly journals Activity of metalaxyl-M+mancozeb, fosetyl-Al, and phosphorous acid against Phytophthora crown and root rot of apricot and cherry caused by Phytophthora palmivora

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Türkölmez Şahimerdan ◽  
Derviş Sibel
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
And Control

Crown and root rot, caused by the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora, has become a destructive disease of apricot and cherry in eastern Turkey. There are no currently registered fungicides labeled for its control. In greenhouse experiments conducted in 2012 and 2013, 1-year-old potted apricot rootstock Zerdali and cherry rootstock Mahaleb plants were treated either with foliar spray of fosetyl-Al (140, 160, and 180 g a.i./100 l) or phosphorous acid (187.5, 200, and 215 g a.i./100 l) or soil drench of 100 ml of metalaxyl-M (= mefenoxam)+mancozeb (12+192, 16+256, and 20+320 g a.i./100 l) one day after wound inoculation of crowns and roots. In both years, phosphorous acid at 200 and 215 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 160 and 180 g a.i./100 l, and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Zerdali by 70.68–80.00% and crown rot severity on both Zerdali and Mahaleb, by 68.32–91.96 and 74.21–82.60%, respectively, compared with phosphorous acid at 187.5 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 140 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l and control. Moreover, fosetyl-Al at 180 g a.i./100 l and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Mahaleb compared to fosetyl-Al at 140 and 160 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l, phosphorous acid treatments and control in 2012, providing the best control of the disease by 88.00–90.68%. Two/three phosphorous acid foliar applications at 200 g a.i./100 l suppressed symptom development when field applications were made on a curative basis in 2014 and 2015.

Genetic Variants of Progesterone Receptor in Etiology of Preterm Delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kolanowska ◽  
Grażyna Kurzawińska ◽  
Agata Szpera-Goździewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Drews ◽  
Zbyszko Malewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Diagnostic Indicator

Abstract Background: Preterm delivery (PTD) accounts for around 11% of pregnancies worldwide. Unfortunately, no diagnostic indicator, specific mechanism or genetic predisposition has yet been identified. One of the hypotheses suggest local or functional progesterone decrease as a potential reason for preterm uterine contractions leading to preterm delivery. It is believed that any change in progesterone receptor DNA may be crucial for higher risk of preterm delivery due to abnormal response to prostaglandins, normally inhibited by properly built progesterone. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between progesterone gene polymorphisms (PROGINS and +331G/A) and preterm birth. Methods and Results: A total of 230 women were enrolled, including 115 cases of preterm deliveries (between 22 and 36 weeks of gestation) and 115 healthy mothers of full-term infants. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood sample. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was carried out in a final volume of 25µl. Genotyping was assayed by PCR. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted with p<0.05 accepted as statistically significant. For both PROGINS (Alu ins/del) and +331G/A (rs10895068) polymorphisms were equally frequent in case and control group. The prevalence of PGR alleles in both groups was also comparable.Conclusion: The results of our study showed no association between progesterone gene polymorphisms (PROGINS and +331G/A) and risk of preterm delivery. Identifying mechanisms to prolong the length of gestation, particularly in women at risk for preterm delivery, will improve both maternal and fetal outcomes.

scholarly journals Characterization and Genetic Mapping of Black Root Rot Resistance in Gossypium arboreum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2642
Author(s):  
Iain W. Wilson ◽  
Philippe Moncuquet ◽  
Marc Ellis ◽  
Rosemary G. White ◽  
Qian-Hao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Population ◽  
Important Disease

Black root rot (BRR) is an economically important disease of cotton and other crops, especially in cooler regions with short growing seasons. Symptoms include black discoloration of the roots, reduced number of lateral roots and stunted or slow plant growth. The cultivated tetraploid Gossypium species are susceptible to BRR. Resistance to BRR was identified in G. arboreum accession BM13H and is associated with reduced and restricted hyphal growth and less sporulation. Transcriptome analysis indicates that BM13H responds to infection at early time points 2- and 3-days post-inoculation, but by day 5, few differentially expressed genes are observed between infected and uninfected roots. Inheritance of BM13H resistance to BRR was evaluated in an F6 recombinant inbred population and shows a single semi-dominant locus conferring resistance that was fine mapped to a region on chromosome 1, containing ten genes including five putative resistance-like genes.

Characterization of a cDNA for Rhesus Monkey Protein C Inhibitor – Evidence for N-Terminal Involvement in Heparin Stimulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (04) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-P Radtke ◽  
José A Fernández ◽  
Bruno O Villoutreix ◽  
Judith S Greengard ◽  
John H Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Reactive Center ◽  
Protein C Inhibitor ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SummarycDNAs for protein C inhibitor (PCI) were cloned from human and rhesus monkey 1 liver RNAs by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Sequencing showed that rhesus monkey and human PCI cDNAs were 93% identical. Predicted amino acid sequences differed at 26 of 387 residues. Pour of these differences (T352M, N359S, R362K, L3631) were in the reactive center loop that is important for inhibitory specificity, and two were in the N-terminal helix (M8T, E13K) that is implicated in glycosaminoglycan binding. PCI in human or rhesus monkey plasma showed comparable inhibitory activity towards human activated protein C in the presence of 10 U/ml heparin. However, maximal acceleration of the inhibition of activated protein C required 5-fold lower heparin concentration for rhesus monkey than for human plasma, consistent with the interpretation that the additional positive charge (E13K) in a putative-heparin binding region increased the affinity for heparin.

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