In Searching of a Reader. The French New Novel in the 1950s

2010 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Aleksey G. Veshnyakov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Short Review ◽  
New Novel ◽  
The 1950S

The article is concerned with the characteristic of the striking trend in the French literature of the second half of the 20th century called “New Novel”. The short review of the main features of new novelists’ poetics in the perspective of a writer and a reader relationship is made on the example of the following works: “Jealousy” by A. Robbe-Grillet, “Planetarium” by N. Sarraute, “Changing” by M. Butor.

scholarly journals Complex urbarchitectonic structures of Pristina and Novi Pazar cities

Spatium ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzemila Beganovic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
New Models ◽  
Urban Organization ◽  
Modern Movement

Contemporary urban development has changed the traditional cities all over the world. In our region, the typical Balkan cities of oriental origin, structure and outlook were almost totally transformed in the second half of the 20th century. Modern movement brought new models of urban organization, different communication concepts and a variety of concepts of modern buildings. Among others, the idea of complex urbarchitectonic structures in urban tissue spread under specific influences and models. After a short review of modern urban development and the idea of complex urban structures, this paper explores urban transformation of less researched cities such as Pristina and Novi Pazar. The focus is on the phenomenon of complex urbarchitectonic structures built in related cities in a short period from 1969-1989. Four complex urbarchitectonic structures will be presented: Kicma and complex in JNA Street in Pristina and Lucne buildings and Jezero buildings in Novi Pazar.

The Apprentice

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Wheeler Winston Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
The Other ◽  
John Ford ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter provides a background on Terence Fisher's career that is regarded by most as that of a journeyman director and by French critics that argued that Fisher was a master filmmaker since the 1950s. It looks at the efforts of David Pirie and others who brought about the first serious critical appraisal of Fisher's work beginning in the late 1960s. It also describes Fisher as the greatest Gothic filmmaker of the second half of the 20th century and British equivalent in terms of style and seriousness of the great American myth-master, John Ford. The chapter mentions The Curse of Frankenstein, in which Fisher creates a real, believable world, and does superb work with Peter Cushing, Christopher Lee, and the other members of the cast. It talks about Fisher's admission toward the end of his life about he had very little affection for science fiction.

César Moscoso Carrasco and Malaria Eradication in Bolivia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Pacino
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Health Organization

César Moscoso Carrasco (1904–1966), a central figure in Bolivia’s mid-20th-century public health system, wanted to liberate Bolivia from malaria. In a career that spanned three decades, he came close to achieving this goal, but ultimately did not live to see successful eradication. Moscoso was one of the first Bolivian public health specialists in malariology, and was recognized by the World Health Organization for his contributions to the field in 1963. At all stages of his career, he fortuitously aligned himself with the individual or organization that could help him accomplish his professional ambitions and his mission of eradicating malaria in Bolivia. He was the founder and director of the National Anti-Malaria Service in 1929, where he made a name for himself working to halt the spread of malaria in Mizque, in the Cochabamba region. In the 1940s, he secured a position with the Rockefeller Foundation, where he had access to resources beyond the scope of the Bolivian government and an international network of public health specialists. Finally, in the 1950s, he headed the newly formed National Service for Malaria Eradication, which was a Bolivian government initiative supported by international organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau. In the 1950s and 1960s, he came the closest to achieving his goal. Unfortunately, he died the same way he lived: fighting a disease, possibly malaria, which he contracted on a visit to Ceylon as a malaria expert and consultant. Moscoso’s life is a window into many aspects of Bolivia’s 20th-century history. First, his life story illustrates both the potential and limitations of the Bolivian healthcare system. Indeed, Moscoso often had to work with international or binational organizations to accomplish the work that he saw as necessary and important. Second, his career shows how political changes in Bolivia impacted healthcare. Since his career spans the Chaco War of 1932–1935, the politically tumultuous 1940s, and the 1952 National Revolution, it provides a personal account of how these events changed healthcare in Bolivia. His story demonstrates the hardships that Bolivian doctors faced as they worked to improve their healthcare system, including low pay, few resources, and little respect from their foreign colleagues.

‘Tutt' ora vivente’: Petrassi and the concerto principle

Tempo ◽  
1995 ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Calum MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Santa Cecilia ◽  
Peter Maxwell Davies

Italian masters seem habitually to survive to a ripe old age. The proverbial example is Verdi, dying at 87, but Gianfrancesco Malipiero had turned 91 by his death in 1973, and his longevity has now been equalled, and seems likely to be surpassed, by Goffredo Petrassi. Long an eminent and respected figure in Italian musical life, and routinely named in the reference books as a significant 20th-century composer, Petrassi has never been well known in this country. His international reputation was at its height in the 1950s and 60s, and probably reached its apogee here with the London premiere, in 1957, of his Sixth Concerto for Orchestra, commissioned by the BBC for the 10th anniversary of the Third Programme. During those decades he travelled, conducted and adjudicated widely; he was closely associated with the ISCM (and was its President in the years 1954–56); as Professor of Composition at the Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in Rome, he exercised a powerful influence on his country's musical life. He is especially celebrated as a teacher: his Italian pupils have included Aldo Clementi, Riccardo Malipiero, the film composer Enrico Morricone and the conductor Zoltán Pesko, but composers of many nations have studied with him. Among his British pupils, one need only instance Peter Maxwell Davies, Cornelius Cardew, and the late Kenneth Leighton to see that his teaching was never stylistically prescriptive.

Melancholy, Hanuš Jelínek and Miloš Marten

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Jana Kantoříková
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Paul Claudel ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The aim of this article is to present the roles of Miloš Marten (1883–1917) in the Czech–French cultural events of the first decade of the 20th century in the background of his contacts with Hanuš Jelínek (1878–1944). The first part of the article deals with Marten’s artistic and life experience during his stays in Paris (1907–1908). The consequences of those two stays to the artist’s life and work will be accentuated. The second part takes a close look at Miloš Marten’s critique of Hanuš Jelínek’s doctoral thesis Melancholics. Studies from the History of Sensibility in French Literature. To interpretate Marten’s reasons for such a negative criticism is our main pursued objective. Such criticism results not only from the rivality between Czech critics oriented to France, but also from different conceptions of the role of critical method and the role of the critic and the artist in the international cultural politics. The third part concludes with the critics’ „reconciliation‟ around 1913 by means of the common interest in the work and personality of Paul Claudel.

scholarly journals Where are all the new antibiotics? The new antibiotic paradox

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Conly ◽  
BL Johnston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
The 1950S

At the beginning of the 20th century, illnesses caused by infectious agents ranked among the most common causes of death in North America and, indeed, worldwide. By the middle of the century, dramatic advances in the diagnosis, management and prevention of infectious diseases had occurred, and hopes were raised that many infectious diseases would be eliminated by the end of the 20th century. Much of this success in the management of infectious diseases was related to a continuous new armamentarium of antibiotics. The discovery of penicillin by Fleming in 1928 followed by the discovery and clinical use of sulphonamides in the 1930s heralded the age of modern antibiotherapy (1,2). Penicillin came into widespread use during the early 1940s. By the 1950s, the 'golden era' of antibiotic development and use was well underway, and multiple new classes of antibiotics were introduced over the next two decades (Table 1) (3).

Illegalising Licitness?

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-683
Author(s):  
Woonkyung Yeo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
State Control ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Economic Transaction

In the mid-20th Century, the practice of bartering was one of the most prevalent forms of economic transaction around the Indonesian Archipelago. The most prevalent and crucial for Indonesian society was the trade conducted along the border between Singapore and Sumatra. The government centred in Jakarta often approved and even encouraged barter with Singapore at the regional and national level. In many cases, however, bartering along the borders was done autonomously by the regional government and traders, and often out of state control. In these circumstances, the central government sometimes “illegalised” barter trade, while the regional government and societies, arguing that their barter transactions were “licit”, issued a challenge to the government’s order. Such tension and conflict over barter in the region was exacerbated by political upheavals such as regional rebellions in the 1950s and the Konfrontasi in the 1960s. This article traces changing policies and discourses regarding “barter” between Singapore and the Indonesian islands (mostly Sumatra) in the mid-20th Century, and highlight how an economic transaction was politicised, and how the ideas of licitness and legality were in confrontation in certain political backgrounds.

scholarly journals “Structural fantasies” in 20th century architectural heritage: The forgotten works of Enrico Castiglioni

Rivista Tema ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol Vol.6 (2020) (N.2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Giannetti
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Phenomenon ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Made In

During the 1950s, the “made in Italy” reinforced concrete structures established itself around the world. As a consequence, fascinating Italian architects turned structural- and construction-based research into novel figurative conceptions. Enrico Castiglioni (1914-2000) was a distinctive interpreter of this collective phenomenon, but, although his work was significantly discussed in the literature of the 1950s and 1960s, it is today completely neglected. This paper presents construction-history surveys, providing a historical and technical narrative of Castiglioni’s built work.

scholarly journals Cognitive Dissonance

Communication ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Jomini Stroud ◽  
Soohee Kim ◽  
Joshua M. Scacco
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Original Theory ◽  
Cognitive Consistency ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The 1950S

Humans strive for cognitive consistency, at least according to the theory of cognitive dissonance and a host of consistency theories that emerged in the mid-20th century. The theory of cognitive dissonance was advanced by Leon Festinger in the 1950s. It proposes that inconsistencies among our beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and/or behavior can give rise to the uncomfortable feeling of cognitive dissonance. Upon experiencing this feeling, humans are motivated to reduce it in order to return to a more consistent state. Although Festinger theorized that cognitive dissonance can occur, he did not suggest that cognitive dissonance always occurs when people are faced with inconsistency. He noted that the experience of dissonance depends upon three factors: (a) the number of consonant elements, (b) the number of dissonant elements, and (c) the importance of each element. A more important dissonant belief will cause more cognitive dissonance than a less important dissonant belief. One dissonant belief and many consonant beliefs will produce less dissonance than many dissonant and many consonant beliefs. The experience of dissonance can motivate people to engage in any of a number of dissonance reduction strategies. The objectives of these strategies are to (a) increase the number and/or importance of consonant elements and/or (b) to decrease the number and/or importance of dissonant elements. This can be done by changing one’s attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. This also can be done by seeking agreeable information and avoiding discrepant information. Over the years, many modifications to the theory have been proposed. Some researchers, for example, have argued that the theory works mainly with respect to cognitive elements related to the self. Despite proposed modifications, scholars continue to draw from the original theory. Although the theory was first introduced and examined by psychologists, it gained traction in the field of communication. The theory was helpful in explaining some earlier patterns observed by those researching the influence of communication, such as the seeming preference citizens displayed for like-minded information. In contemporary communication literature, the theory is most frequently referenced when scholars want to offer an explanation for why an effect may occur. Research is less frequently done specifically on the central tenets of the theory. This article focuses predominantly on articles that have been written in the field of communication rather than attempting to review the numerous studies that have been done on this topic in related fields, such as psychology and political science. Although research did yield articles from many different communication subfields, many citations were from the area of mass media as opposed to interpersonal communication, for example. This article emphasizes recent contributions and those that have garnered considerable attention through high rates of citation.

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