Organisation and Maintenance of Library Authority Files in Russia and Abroad

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
Anna A. Stukalova ◽  
Natalya A. Balutkina
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web Technology ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Authority File ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
International Authority ◽  
The World ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
National Libraries ◽  
Resource Description ◽  
Rdf Schema

The article provides review of foreign and domestic publications on the problems of creation, development and use of authority files (AF) of names of persons, names of organizations, geographical names and other objects both at the international, national and regional levels. The paper presents analysis of the foreign experience of AF maintenance. The authors note that, due to the availability of universal collections and qualified specialists, AF formation abroad is usually carried out by national libraries. A substantive analysis of foreign publications has shown that national AFs (NAF) are characterized by data variability and diversity of approaches. The authors studied the experience of successful combination of NAF created according to different methods within the framework of the international corporate project — Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). The article notes that most of the Russian libraries do not use AF, since AF, created in republican and regional scientific libraries, as a rule, are not publicly available. At the same time, creation by a separate library of its own AF leads to high labour and material costs, and the formation of a large number of AF leads to the variability of the AFs created for the same objects. The authors conclude that for efficient use of AFs within the country, it is necessary to apply unified methods and rules for creation of authority records. Another way out is the application of the Semantic Web technology, which allows linking AFs created according to different methods. It is necessary to make maximum use of existing dictionaries or create dictionaries based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Resource Description Framework (RDF), RDF Schema (RDFS) and Web Ontology Language (OWL) standards.

Survey of directly mapping SQL databases to the Semantic Web

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Sequeda ◽  
Syed Hamid Tirmizi ◽  
Oscar Corcho ◽  
Daniel P. Miranker
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Resource Description Framework ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Resource Description ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Rdf Schema

AbstractThe Semantic Web anticipates integrated access to a large number of information sources on the Internet represented as Resource Description Framework (RDF). Given the large number of websites that are backed by SQL databases, methods that automate the translation of those databases to RDF are crucial. One approach, taken by a number of researchers, is to directly map the SQL schema to an equivalent Web Ontology Language (OWL) or RDF Schema representation, which in turn, implies an RDF representation for the relational data. This paper reviews this research, and derives a consolidated, overarching set of translation rules expressible as a stratified Datalog program. We present all the possible key combinations in an SQL schema and consider their implied semantic properties. We review the approaches and characterize them with respect to the scope of their coverage of SQL constructs.

scholarly journals Linked Data Technologies and What Libraries Have Accomplished So Far

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming Wang ◽  
Sharon Q Yang
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Query Language ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Library Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
National Libraries ◽  
Resource Description

For the past ten years libraries have been working diligently towards Linked Data and the Semantic Web. Due to the complexity and vast scope of Linked Data, many people have a hard time to understand its technical details and its potential for the library community. This paper aims to help librarians better understand some important concepts by explaining the basic Linked Data technologies that consist of Resource Description Framework (RDF), the ontology, and the query language. It also includes an overview of the achievements by libraries around the world in their efforts to turn library data into Linked Data including those by Library of Congress, OCLC, and some other national libraries. Some of the challenges and setbacks that libraries have encountered are analyzed and discussed. In spite of the difficulties, there is no way to turn back. Libraries will have to succeed.

scholarly journals Standartinių bibliotekų metaduomenų modelių ir struktūrų pateikimo semantiniame saityne iniciatyvos

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Dunsire ◽  
Mirna Willer
Keyword(s):  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Authority File ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Knowledge Organization System ◽  
Universal Decimal Classification ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Decimal Classification ◽  
Rdf Schema

Straipsnyje aptariamos naujausios bibliotekų metaduomenų modelių ir struktūrų, tarp jų – IFLA standartų „Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records“ (FRBR) („Funkciniai reikalavimai bibliografiniams įrašams“), „Functional Requirements for Authority Data“ (FRAD) („Funkciniai reikalavimai autoritetiniams duomenims“) ir „Interna­tional Standard Bibliographic Description“ (ISBD) („Tarptautinis standartinis bibliografinis aprašas“) kartu su juos palaikančia infrastruktūra pateikimo semantiniame saityne iniciatyvos. FRBR peržiūros grupė, pasitelkdama RDF, RDF schemą (RDF Schema – RDFS), Paprastą žinių organizavimo sistemą (Simple Knowledge Organization System – SKOS) ir Saityno ontologijų kalbą (Web Ontology Language – OWL), šiuo metu rengia FRAD bei FRBR entiteto ir santykio modelio pateiktis „Išteklių aprašo modeliu“ (Resource Description Framework – RDF) grindžiamoms taikomosioms programoms, atitinkamais atvejais nustatydama abiejų modelių sankirtas. ISBD/XML tyrimų grupė tiria ISBD pateikimo RDF galimybes. Pagal IFLA Vardų erdvių projektą kuriama administracinė ir techninė infrastruktūra, kuri padėtų įgyvendinti šias iniciatyvas ir skatintų kitas tarnybas perimti šiuos standartus. Straipsnyje apibūdinamos ir panašios tokių susijusių išorinių standartų, kaip RDA, REICAT (naujosios Italų kata­logavimo taisyklės) ir CIDOC CRM, iniciatyvos. DCMI RDA laikina darbo grupė kartu su RDA jungtiniu vykdomuoju komitetu rengia su FRBR ir FRAD suderintas RDA struktūrinių elementų semantinio saityno pateiktis ir kontroliuoja­mus metaduomenų turinio žodynus. REICAT irgi grindžiamos FRBR, o į objektą orientuota FRBR versija susieta su CRM, kuris, savo ruožtu, pateikiamas RDF. CRM būtinumas iš pradžių buvo grindžiamas muziejų bendruomenei skirtų metaduomenų reikalingumu: dabar siekiama jį pritaikyti ir archyvams, galiausiai sukuriant modelį, kuris būtų bendras visoms pagrindinėms kultūros informacijos sritims: archyvams, bibliotekoms ir muziejams. Žodynų sutapties schemos (Vocabulary Mapping Framework – VMF) projekto metu sukurta semantinio saityno priemonė, automatiškai nustatanti skirtingų informacijos bendruomenių, įskaitant leidėjus, metaduomenų modelių sankirtas. Priemonės pagrindą sudaro keletas standartų, tarp kurių - CRM, FRAD, FRBR, MARC2I ir RDA. Straipsnyje aptariama šių iniciatyvų svarba, susijusi su gausių turtingų profesionaliai sukurtų minėtus standartus ati­tinkančiais formatais (pvz., UNIMARC ir MARC2I) saugomų metaduomenų pateikimu kaip susietų duomenų, taip pat su tokiomis problemomis, kaip statistinėms ir semantinėms išvadoms daryti būtina kritinė masė, integravimas su vartotojų ir kompiuterių kuriamais metaduomenimis, autentiškumas, teisingumas bei patikimumas. Straipsnyje aptariamos ir iniciaty­vos, kuriomis siekiama kaip susietus duomenis teikti kontroliuojamiems žodynams, tokiems kaip Dewey dešimtainė klasifi­kacija (Dewey Decimal Classification – DDC), ISBD, Kongreso bibliotekos vardų autoritetinis failas (Library of Congress Name Authority File – LCNAF), Kongreso bibliotekos dalykinės rubrikos (Library of Congress Subject Headings – LCSH), Rameau (Prancūzų dalykinės rubrikos). Universalioji dešimtainė klasifikacija (Universal Decimal Classification – UDC) ir Virtualus tarptautinis autoritetinis failas (Virtual Authority File – VIAF). Ir, galiausiai, straipsnyje aptariama galima visų šių iniciatyvų įtaka metaduomenų kūrimo procesams ir jų valdymo sistemoms.

scholarly journals Logical Foundations of RDF(S) with Datatypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 535-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Bruijn ◽  
S. Heymans
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Resource Description Framework ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Logical Foundations ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Resource Description ◽  
Rdf Schema

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a Semantic Web standard that provides a data language, simply called RDF, as well as a lightweight ontology language, called RDF Schema. We investigate embeddings of RDF in logic and show how standard logic programming and description logic technology can be used for reasoning with RDF. We subsequently consider extensions of RDF with datatype support, considering D entailment, defined in the RDF semantics specification, and D* entailment, a semantic weakening of D entailment, introduced by ter Horst. We use the embeddings and properties of the logics to establish novel upper bounds for the complexity of deciding entailment. We subsequently establish two novel lower bounds, establishing that RDFS entailment is PTime-complete and that simple-D entailment is coNP-hard, when considering arbitrary datatypes, both in the size of the entailing graph. The results indicate that RDFS may not be as lightweight as one may expect.

scholarly journals Petri nets on the semantic web guidelines and infrastructure

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Gasevic
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Uml Profiles ◽  
Community Effort ◽  
Model Sharing ◽  
Petri Net Markup Language ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Resource Description

This paper gives the Petri net ontology as the most important element in providing Petri net support for the Semantic Web. Available Petri net formal descriptions are: metamodels, UML profiles, ontologies and syntax. Metamodels are useful, but their main purpose is for Petri net tools. Although the current Petri-net community effort Petri Net Markup Language (PNML) is XML-based, it lacks a precise definition of semantics. Existing Petri net ontologies are partial solutions specialized for a specific problem. In order to show current Petri net model sharing features we use P3 tool that uses PNML/XSLT-based approach for model sharing. This paper suggests developing the Petri net ontology to represent semantics appropriately. This Petri net ontology is described using UML, Resource Description Framework (Schema) RDF(S) and the Web Ontology Language-OWL.

Integrating Heterogeneous Enterprise Data Using Ontology in Supply Chain Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-102
Author(s):  
Kamalendu Pal
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Rdf Graph ◽  
Semantic Web Technology ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Resource Description

Many industries prefer worldwide business operations due to the economic advantage of globalization on product design and development. These industries increasingly operate globalized multi-tier supply chains and deliver products and services all over the world. This global approach produces huge amounts of heterogeneous data residing at various business operations, and the integration of these data plays an important role. Integrating data from multiple heterogeneous sources need to deal with different data models, database schema, and query languages. This chapter presents a semantic web technology-based data integration framework that uses relational databases and XML data with the help of ontology. To model different source schemas, this chapter proposes a method based on the resource description framework (RDF) graph patterns and query rewriting techniques. The semantic translation between the source schema and RDF ontology is described using query and transformational language SPARQL.

Data Confidentiality on the Semantic Web

2008 ◽  
pp. 3309-3320
Author(s):  
Csilla Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semantic Web Technologies ◽  
Inference Problem ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Resource Description

This chapter investigates the threat of unwanted Semantic Web inferences. We survey the current efforts to detect and remove unwanted inferences, identify research gaps, and recommend future research directions. We begin with a brief overview of Semantic Web technologies and reasoning methods, followed by a description of the inference problem in traditional databases. In the context of the Semantic Web, we study two types of inferences: (1) entailments defined by the formal semantics of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the RDF Schema (RDFS) and (2) inferences supported by semantic languages like the Web Ontology Language (OWL). We compare the Semantic Web inferences to the inferences studied in traditional databases. We show that the inference problem exists on the Semantic Web and that existing security methods do not fully prevent indirect data disclosure via inference channels.

Semantic E-Business Challenges and Directions

2011 ◽  
pp. 1421-1428
Author(s):  
Giorgos Laskaridis ◽  
Konstantinos Markellos ◽  
Penelope Markellou ◽  
Angeliki Panayiotaki ◽  
Athanasios Tsakalidis
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Business Challenges ◽  
Resource Description

The emergence of semantic Web opens up boundless new opportunities for e-business. According to Tim Berners-Lee, Hendler, and Lassila (2001), “the semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation”. A more formal definition by W3C (2001) refers that, “the semantic Web is the representation of data on the World Wide Web. It is a collaborative effort led by W3C with participation from a large number of researchers and industrial partners. It is based on the resource description framework (RDF), which integrates a variety of applications using eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for syntax and uniform resource identifiers (URIs) for naming”. The capability of the semantic Web to add meaning to information, stored in such way that it can be searched and processed as well as recent advances in semantic Web-based technologies provide the mechanisms for semantic knowledge representation, exchange and collaboration of e-business processes and applications.

A Tutorial on RDF with Jena

2011 ◽  
pp. 116-140
Author(s):  
Wan-Yeung Wong ◽  
Tak-Pang Lau ◽  
Irwin King ◽  
Michael R. Lyu
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Resource Description Framework ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Resource Description ◽  
Standard Framework

This chapter gives a tutorial on resource description framework (RDF), its XML representation, and Jena, a set of Java-based API designed and implemented to further simplify the manipulation of RDF documents. RDF is a W3C standard which provides a common framework for describing resources in the World Wide Web and other applications. Under this standard framework with the Jena, different resources can be manipulated and exchanged easily, which leads to cost reduction and better efficiency in business applications. In this tutorial, we present some basic concepts and applications of RDF and Jena. In particular, we use a television object to illustrate the usage of RDF in describing various resources being used, the XML syntax in representing the RDF, and the ways Jena manipulate various RDF documents. Furthermore, complete programming codes with detailed explanations are also presented to give readers a better understanding of Jena. References are given at the end for readers’ further investigation.

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