scholarly journals Testing the Slippery Slope Framework in the Scope of Fiscal Sociology: A Study on the Classification of Income Levels

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-93
Author(s):  
Rana DAYIOĞLU ERUL
Keyword(s):  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Fiscal Sociology

scholarly journals How Marketing Instruments Affect Consumer Behavior in Times of Economic Turbulence

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naďa Birčiaková ◽  
Jana Stávková ◽  
Martin Souček
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Brand Quality ◽  
Radial Graphs

This article analyzes the behavioural changes in groups of consumers and households on the market with individual commodities, based on the classification of individual reasonable consumption. Consumers expressed the degree of influence in their decision-making on satisfying their needs through selected key marketing factors such as price, brand, quality, habits and experience, advertising, recommendation from friends and relatives, packaging, discounts, new items, and so on. The analysis sought to determine whether the changes in the economic situation in the Czech Republic have an impact on the degree of marketing instrument influence on consumer behavior and decision-making. To express the degree of influence 10 point opinion scale is used. Thanks to the investigation taking place in 2007 with 609 respondents and in 2013 with 516 respondents, it was possible, it was possible to deal with the search for evidence of differences in the importance of individual factors using the Wilcoxon test. In 2013, attention was also paid to the degree of influence of some marketing tools such as price, quality and discount events on consumer behavior and decision-making in selected groups of households created by different income levels and different level of education achieved by the head of the household. The influence is expressed by radial graphs.

scholarly journals Frequency of use of the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 diagnostic categories for mental and behavioural disorders across world regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Faiad ◽  
B. Khoury ◽  
S. Daouk ◽  
M. Maj ◽  
J. Keeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Aims.The study aimed to examine variations in the use of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) diagnostic categories for mental and behavioural disorders across countries, regions and income levels using data from the online World Psychiatric Association (WPA)-World Health Organization (WHO) Global Survey that examined the attitudes of psychiatrists towards the classification of mental disorders.Methods.A survey was sent to 46 psychiatric societies which are members of WPA. A total of 4887 psychiatrists participated in the survey, which asked about their use of classification, their preferred system and the categories that were used most frequently.Results.The majority (70.1%) of participating psychiatrists (out of 4887 psychiatrists) reported using the ICD-10 the most and using at least one diagnostic category once a week. Nine out of 44 diagnostic categories were considerably variable in terms of frequency of use across countries. These were: emotionally unstable personality disorder, borderline type; dissociative (conversion) disorder; somatoform disorders; obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD); mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of alcohol; adjustment disorder; mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of cannabinoids; dementia in Alzheimer's disease; and acute and transient psychotic disorder. The frequency of use for these nine categories was examined across WHO regions and income levels. The most striking differences across WHO regions were found for five out of these nine categories. For dissociative (conversion) disorder, use was highest for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) and non-existent for the WHO African Region. For mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of alcohol, use was lowest for EMRO. For mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of cannabinoids, use was lowest for the WHO European Region and the WHO Western Pacific Region. For OCD and somatoform disorders, use was lowest for EMRO and the WHO Southeast Asian Region. Differences in the frequency of use across income levels were statistically significant for all categories except for mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of alcohol. The most striking variations were found for acute and transient psychotic disorder, which was reported to be more commonly used among psychiatrists from countries with lower income levels.Conclusions.The differences in frequency of use reported in the current study show that cross-cultural variations in psychiatric practice exist. However, whether these differences are due to the variations in prevalence, treatment-seeking behaviour and other factors, such as psychiatrist and patient characteristics as a result of culture, cannot be determined based on the findings of the study. Further research is needed to examine whether these variations are culturally determined and how that would affect the cross-cultural applicability of ICD-10 diagnostic categories.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

Interpreting HVEM of muscle-cell impulse networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Paul DeCosta ◽  
Kyugon Cho ◽  
Stephen Shemlon ◽  
Heesung Jun ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Structural Networks

Introduction: The analysis and interpretation of electron micrographs of cells and tissues, often requires the accurate extraction of structural networks, which either provide immediate 2D or 3D information, or from which the desired information can be inferred. The images of these structures contain lines and/or curves whose orientation, lengths, and intersections characterize the overall network.Some examples exist of studies that have been done in the analysis of networks of natural structures. In, Sebok and Roemer determine the complexity of nerve structures in an EM formed slide. Here the number of nodes that exist in the image describes how dense nerve fibers are in a particular region of the skin. Hildith proposes a network structural analysis algorithm for the automatic classification of chromosome spreads (type, relative size and orientation).

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Ultrastructural Classification of Pituary Adenomas

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-258
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
Sarasa Bharati Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Organelle ◽  
Null Cell ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Null Cell Adenoma ◽  
Growth Hormone Cell ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
Organelle Morphology

Adenoaas of the pituitary are no longer classified based on their tinctorial affinity to dyes. With the advent of the newer methods of sophisticated technology, it is now possible to classify. These depending upon the type of hormone secreted based either on histochemical techniques or on ultrastructural characteristics. The latter provides an insight into the cytoplasmic organelle morphology which offers a delightful feast to the eye as well.This paper presents the ultrastructural characters of the pituitary adenoma as seen in Madras. 171 adenomas (124 males and 47 females) were seen during 1972-1989, classified at the light microscope level as 159 chromophobe, 2 basophilic, 4 eosinophilic and 6 mixed adenomas.Ultrastructural examination showed that the sparsely granular prolactin cell adenoma is the commonest adenoma to be encountered closely followed by the growth hormone cell adenoma, null cell adenoma, the mixed cell adenoma and others.

Consistency in Latency Measurements and Interpretation of ABR Tracings

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne O. Olsen ◽  
Terri L. Pratt ◽  
Christopher D. Bauch
Keyword(s):  
The Other

Multichannel ABR recordings for 30 otoneurologic patients were reviewed independently by three audiologists to assess interjudge consistency in determining absolute latencies and overall interpretation of ABR results. Four months later, the tracings were reviewed a second time to evaluate intrajudge consistency in interpretation of ABR waveforms. Interjudge agreement in marking latencies for waves I, III, and V within 0.2 ms was on the order of 90% or better. Intrajudge consistency was slightly higher. Only rarely did inter- or intrajudge differences in latency measurements exceed 0.3 ms. Agreement in overall interpretation of ABR results as "normal" or "abnormal" was unanimous for 90% of the patients. Across pairs of judges, the agreement for "normal" and "abnormal" classification of the ABR tracings was 97%. Intrajudge consistency for "normal" and "abnormal" categorization of the ABR results was 100% for one judge, 97% for the other two judges.

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