Serum Osteocalcin and Bone Mineral Density as Markers of Post-menopausal Osteoporosis: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Tirthal Rai ◽  
Usha Adiga ◽  
Rishabh Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Post Menopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Post Menopausal

Osteocalcin (OC) and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements determine the bone mass and microarchitecture of bone. Both are used for diagnosing osteoporosis and their role as a biomarker in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) remains controversial. To determine the relationship between serum OC and PMO and compare BMD vs OC, a metaanalysis was carried forward with case-control studies. Studies reporting mean/median and standard deviation of osteocalcin in post-menopausal women with and without osteoporosis were included. From the same studies, BMD measurements in both groups were included. Fifteen studies were included with 1864 postmenopausal women. We found significant increase in serum OC (Standardized Mean Difference of 0.918 and SE of 0.476 (p=0.054), confidence interval (CI) (-0.015 to 1.852) and significant decrease in BMD values (SMD of -2.321 and SE of 0.345 (p= <0.001) (CI - 2.998 to -1.643)) in PMO. T score also significantly decreased in PMO (SMD <0 (-3.785). Heterogeneity was observed in all parameters analyzed for more than 90%. We concluded that in our metanalysis, there was a significant increase in serum osteocalcin levels with SMD> 0 and significantly low BMD/t score levels with SMD <0 in postmenopausal osteoporotic women as compared to healthy postmenopausal women. Osteocalcin gives the current status of bone remodeling and is not influenced by multiple factors whereas BMD measures the bone mass, yet techniques vary and are influenced by many factors. SMD < 0 alone cannot be used to detect osteoporosis or predict osteoporotic fractures. Increased osteocalcin and low BMD/T score after menopause together are good indicators to detect osteoporosis. This conjunction can economically burden the patient and thus our study concludes that SMD > 0 serum osteocalcin solely can be implemented as a promising marker for diagnosing osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Comparison of bone mineral density and serum minerals in pre and post-menopausal women

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasmita Mishra ◽  
M. Manju ◽  
B. D. Toora ◽  
S. Mohan ◽  
B. P. Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Serum Minerals ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Mineral Levels

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones, increasing the risk of sudden and unexpected fractures. Literally meaning “porous bone”, it results in an increased loss of bone mass and strength. The disease often progresses without any symptoms or pain. Though the exact cause is not known it can be prevented. After age 35, bone breakdown outpaces bone build-up, resulting in a gradual loss of bone mass. Once this loss of bone reaches a certain point, a person has osteoporosis. After menopause, bone resorption (breakdown) outpaces the building of new bone. </span><span lang="EN-US">Osteoporosis is a silent disease, reflected only in a low bone density, till a fracture occurs.</span><span lang="EN-US">One of the most rapidly emerging health problems in the postmenopausal women is osteoporosis. It is now realized that, osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India in the elderly women population. Aim:</span><span lang="EN-GB">To study the correlation between serum minerals and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in pre and postmenopausal women.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">This study was designed to find out the serum mineral levels and its correlation with bone mineral density in pre and post-menopausal women. The present study was a cross-sectional study. 40 women from each group i.e. premenopausal and postmenopausal women were selected for the study with no medical, surgical or gynaecological abnormalities. The Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was measured by Bone Densitometer and classified as normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis according to T-score. Serum minerals were measured in autoanalyser. </span><span lang="EN-US">The data was analyzed using Microsoft excel 2007. For the comparison of values between the groups, students ‘t’ test was used, for the correlation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Around 80% of the post-menopausal women are osteoporotic. BMD scores were significantly low in postmenopausal women according to T-score along with significantly decreased Serum mineral levels when compared to premenopausal women. There was significant positive correlation between T-score and serum calcium and magnesium levels in postmenopausal women.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Our study suggests that peri and postmenopausal women should take magnesium rich foods also like whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables (especially dark-green, leafy vegetables) every day which will help to provide recommended intakes of magnesium and maintain normal storage levels of this mineral. If these foods are not available or serum levels are too low supplementation can be given in the form of tablets.</span></p>

scholarly journals Influence of Number of Parity on Bone Mineral Density among Postmenopausal Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Irin Parveen Alam ◽  
Mohd Azharul Haque ◽  
Saleha Begum Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Age Range

Introduction- Osteoporosis is a common disease of postmenopausal women and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The most important single determining factor is low bone mass. Generally accepted risk factors of osteoporosis in women are low body weight, age, low physical activity and cigarette smoking. The effect of parity is controversial.Objective-The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of parity on bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women.Methods-In this study total 75 postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years of with parity 1-13 were studied. Parity was described as the number of births reported by the women. In Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 33, No. 2, April 2015 this study T score of BMD of different bony sites lumber vertebrae and femur were analyzed. BMD were measured in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine at BSMMU. Correlations between BMD values with parity were detected.Results- The mean age of the patients was 60 years with a standard deviation of ±9.32 years. All patients were within 51 to 70 years age range. A significant negative correlation was found in present study between parity and the T score measurement results obtained from L2, L3, L4, L2-4, Femur neck, Trochantor and Ward’s triangle. This shows mean Tscore of BMD were more negative as number of parity increases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 75-78Introduction- Osteoporosis is a common disease of postmenopausal women and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The most important single determining factor is low bone mass. Generally accepted risk factors of osteoporosis in women are low body weight, age, low physical activity and cigarette smoking. The effect of parity is controversial. Objective-The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of parity on bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women. Methods-In this study total 75 postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years of with parity 1-13 were studied. Parity was described as the number of births reported by the women. In Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 33, No. 2, April 2015 this study T score of BMD of different bony sites lumber vertebrae and femur were analyzed. BMD were measured in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine at BSMMU. Correlations between BMD values with parity were detected. Results- The mean age of the patients was 60 years with a standard deviation of ±9.32 years. All patients were within 51 to 70 years age range. A significant negative correlation was found in present study between parity and the T score measurement results obtained from L2, L3, L4, L2-4, Femur neck, Trochantor and Ward’s triangle. This shows mean Tscore of BMD were more negative as number of parity increases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 75-78

scholarly journals Comparison of Bone Mineral Density, T-Scores and Serum Zinc between Diabetic and Non Diabetic Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 043-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka R Siddapur ◽  
Anuradha B Patil ◽  
Varsha S Borde
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

ABSTRACT Context: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a public health problem. Diabetics are at increased risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. Zinc (Zn) has a role in collagen metabolism, and its levels are altered in diabetes. Aims: The aim was to compare bone mineral density (BMD), T-score and serum Zn between diabetic and nondiabetic postmenopausal women with osteoporosis to see if they influence increased fracture risk in diabetes. Settings and Design: It is a cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum. Materials and Methods: Thirty type 2 diabetic and 30 age-matched (aged 45-75 years) nondiabetic Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) confirmed postmenopausal osteoporotics were included from January 2011 to March 2012. Serum Zn was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean and standard deviation of the parameters of the two groups were computed and compared by unpaired Student's t-test. Relationship between variables was measured by Karl Pearson's correlation co-efficient. A statistical significance is set at 5% level of significance (P < 0.05). Results: T-score was significantly higher in diabetics compared with nondiabetics(−2.84 ± 0.42 vs. −3.22 ± 0.74) P < 0.05. BMD and serum Zn of diabetics showed a significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: Type 2 diabetic postmenopausal osteoporotics have a higher T-score than the nondiabetics. High BMI in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may contribute to high BMD and may be a protective factor against zincuria. Increased fracture risk in T2DM could be due to other factors like poor bone quality due to hyperglycemia rather than BMD. Strict glycemic control is of paramount importance.

scholarly journals Semi-automated approach in the evaluation of low bone mass using clavicle radiogrammetry technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
U Snekhalatha ◽  
D Ashok Kumar ◽  
Padma Javasan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Right

Background: Low bone mineral density increasing with age is a universally observed phenomenon. This leads to osteoporosis, which is a regressive change that occurs in the bone and it is diagnosed before the occurrence of fractures. The dual energy x -ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered to be the standard measurement for the detection of bone mineral density (BMD).Objectives: To measure the various bone mass indices in the clavicle bone by radiogrammetric method from a posterior-to-anterior (PA) view of chest digital X-ray using semi- automated method.Methods: Forty women whose mean age was found to be 46.05±15.53 years were included in this study. For the total population (n=40), the right femur BMD was acquired by DXA scanner. The digital chest radiographs were taken for all the subjects. In all cases, the geometrical variables such as periosteal width (CLR-D), endosteal width (CLR-d), cortical thickness (CLR-CT) and percentage cortical thickness %(CLR-CT) were measured in the right clavicle bone region by semi-automated method approach developed in MATLAB software.Results: The CLR-CT (r=0.77) as well as with % CLR-CT (r=0.72) has provided statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01) with the total hip BMD in the total population studied. The pre-menopausal and post-menopausal of the studied population demonstrated a high significance value of (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The semi-automated measurement of low bone mass indices in clavicle radiogrammetry will be useful in the evaluation of low bone mass in post-menopausal women and elderly aged population. This method can be used as a screening tool for mass population, especially in rural India.

Relation between Circulating Vitamin k2 level and Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Women

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina M Abdel Aziz ◽  
Hala A Saleh ◽  
Neven M Taha ◽  
Mohga A Elbadawy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Menopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Objective We aimed to measure the serum level of vitamin k2 in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients to determine its role in the disease. Patients and Methods Our study was designed as a cross sectional study, with 15 postmenopausal osteoporotic patients (with reduced bone mineral density BMD), aged between 54-58 years old compared to 15 healthy controls (with normal BMD at all of lumbar spine, femoral neck and hip) matched in age with the patients. All participants were subjected to full medical history taking, physical examination and functional assessment of the activity of daily livings (ADL). Biochemical assays of thyroid stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, total calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Kidney and liver function tests and serum levels of vitamin k2 were performed. Results The patients showed highly significantly lower vitamin k2 levels (P &lt; 0.05) and non-significant correlations between vitamin k2 and the activity of daily living (ADL) nor the other laboratory assessment parameters (P &gt; 0.05) among the patient’s group. Conclusion Vitamin K deficiency is highly prevalent in the majority of our patients and should be considered an associating factor in the etiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Vitamin k2 deficiency could result in a decrease in the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, so vitamin k2 levels should be checked in post-menopausal osteoporosis and any deficiency must be treated and corrected to improve the bone mineral density.

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