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2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 711-719
Author(s):  
Enehizena Osaro Ogie ◽  
Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire ◽  
Egho Eseoghene Valentine ◽  
Cedric Odaro ◽  
Joy Akpesiri Egho ◽  
...  

Objective: Drinking water contaminated with toxic metals can be a leading cause of infertility in males. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some toxic metals and trace elements in drinking water and reproductive hormone levels in males who drink water from these sources in Sabongida-Ora , Edo State, Nigeria. Material and Methods: A total of 90 subjects consisting of 30 subjects who drink borehole water, 30 subjects who drink water from hand-dug well, and 30 subjects who drink table water, aged between 18 and 45 years, were recruited for this study. Serum reproductive hormones were analyzed using ELISA method. Blood lead, cadmium, serum zinc, and copper were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Blood Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in hand-dug, borehole and treated water consumers while serum Zn level was significantly lower P<0.05) in hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than treated table water consumers. The serum Cu level was not significantly different between the groups.  The reproductive hormones were significantly lower among hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than treated table water consumers (p<0.05), while PROL(P<0.05) was significantly higher among hand-dug well, borehole water consumers than treated water consumers. Serum PROL correlated positively with Pb (r=0.443; P<0.05) and negatively with serum Zn (r=-0.404; P<0.05) while T correlated positively (r=0.542; P<0.005) with Zn. Similarly, FSH correlated negatively with Pb (r=-0.398; P<0.05) and positively with Zn (r=0.422;P<0.05), while LH correlated inversely with Cd (r=-0.622;P<0.05) and positively with Zn (r=0.745; P<0.05). Expectedly, Cd and Pb were higher while Cu and Zn were lower in hand-dug well water consumers than borehole water consumers. Conclusion: Water consumption from hand-dug wells may have adverse reproductive sequelae among consumers.


Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-849
Author(s):  
Jehan A. Mohammad ◽  
Ammar A. Y. Almulathanon ◽  
Fatimah Haitham Fathi

Metformin and glibenclamide may have beneficial effects on the levels of trace elements in diabetic patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of metformin and glibenclamide on the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The metformin-treated patients showed significantly lower serum Cu levels compared with the untreated and glibenclamide groups. In addition, treatment with metformin was associated with a significant increase in serum concentrations of Zn compared to the newly diagnosed patients, whereas it did not show a noticeable alteration in the serum level of Mg. In contrast, the glibenclamide treated group revealed significantly higher Zn and Mg levels compared with the newly diagnosed group, while the serum level of Cu was not significantly modified. In conclusion, treatment with metformin led to a reduction in serum Cu and an increase in serum Zn concentrations, whereas glibenclamide treatment displayed enhancement in serum Zn and Mg levels.


Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Coşkun ◽  
Anna Carobene ◽  
Aasne K. Aarsand ◽  
Fehime B. Aksungar ◽  
Mustafa Serteser ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Trace elements (TrEL) are nutritionally essential components in maintaining health and preventing diseases. There is a lack of reliable biological variation (BV) data for TrELs, required for the diagnosis and monitoring of TrEL disturbances. In this study, we aimed to provide updated within- and between-subject BV estimates for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se). Methods Weekly serum samples were drawn from 68 healthy subjects (36 females and 32 males) for 10 weeks and stored at −80 °C prior to analysis. Serum Zn, Cu and Se levels were measured using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Outlier and variance homogeneity analyses were performed followed by CV-ANOVA (Røraas method) to determine BV and analytical variation estimates with 95% CI and the associated reference change values (RCV) for all subjects, males and females. Results Significant differences in mean concentrations between males and females were observed, with absolute and relative (%) differences for Zn at 0.5 μmol/L (3.5%), Cu 2.0 μmol/L (14.1%) and Se 0.06 μmol/L (6.0%). The within-subject BV (CVI [95% CI]) estimates were 8.8% (8.2–9.3), 7.8% (7.3–8.3) and 7.7% (7.2–8.2) for Zn, Cu and Se, respectively. Within-subject biological variation (CVI) estimates derived for male and female subgroups were similar for all three TrELs. Marked individuality was observed for Cu and Se. Conclusions The data of this study provides updated BV estimates for serum Zn, Cu and Se derived from a stringent protocol and state of the art methodologies. Furthermore, Cu and Se display marked individuality, highlighting that population based reference limits should not be used in the monitoring of patients.


BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Tzer Gau ◽  
Bhakti Chavan ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Brian C. Clark ◽  
Zelalem T. Haile

Abstract Background Serum zinc (Zn) levels have been shown to be associated with functional status; however, it is not clear whether this association differs by other sociodemographic characteristics. We examined the association between serum Zn levels and physical functioning difficulty in a representative sample of older adults in the US. Design and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on participants 50 years and older from the 2011–12 and 2013–14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n = 1136). Serum Zn levels were analyzed as tertiles. The main outcome of interest was physical functioning difficulty, defined as self-reported difficulty of basic physical functioning that included walking, transferring, dressing, and feeding. Results Mean Zn levels (SE) were 0.67(0.1), 0.81(0.1), and 0.98(0.1) μg/mL in the low, middle, and high Zn groups, respectively. Approximately 24.9% participants reported physical functioning difficulty. In the multivariable model, we found a significant multiplicative interaction between sex and serum Zn (P for interaction =0.028) and between education and serum Zn (P for interaction = 0.001) on basic physical functioning difficulty. The stratified analysis revealed that among men, compared to those with low serum Zn, the odds of having physical functioning difficulty were lower in men who had high serum Zn [aOR 0.43 (95% CI: 0.25–0.76)]. For women, compared to those with low serum Zn the odds of having physical functioning difficulty were higher in women who had middle serum Zn [aOR 2.67 (1.58–4.50)]. Among individuals with less than high school education, the odds of having physical functioning difficulty were lower in those who had middle serum Zn compared to those who had low serum Zn [aOR 0.48 (0.26–0.89)]. However, the odds of having physical functioning difficulty were higher in those who had middle serum Zn compared to those who had low serum Zn for individuals with high school [aOR 5.72 (1.92–17.00)] and beyond high school education [aOR 1.77 (1.05–2.97)], respectively. Conclusion Sex and educational attainment interact with serum Zn levels to influence basic physical functioning difficulty in older adults.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Sheida Shabanian ◽  
Abolfazl Khoshdel ◽  
Majid Dezfuli ◽  
Fatemeh Famouri

Background and aims: Preterm birth can cause high morbidity and mortality in women. Previous evidence has confirmed the association between zinc (Zn) deficiency in x women and some pregnancy complications. This study investigated the association between serum Zn concentration in pregnant women and preterm birth. Methods: This case-control study focused on evaluating 76 pregnant women with preterm birth (case group) and 62 pregnant women with term birth (control group) and was conducted in the obstetrics ward of Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran in 2014. The Zn level was measured by spectrophotometry and data were analyzed by SPSS, version 15. Results: The prevalence of Zn deficiency was 95.6%. The mean of serum Zn concentration was 39.62±11.83 and 59.81±8.8 in the preterm and term delivery groups, respectively (P<0.001). Similarly, the mean of serum Zn concentrations was 43.06±15.6 and 50.46±13.8 in women with and without the rupture of pregnancy membranes, respectively (P=0.01). Based on the findings, the serum Zn concentration was not significantly associated with parity (P=0.634). Conclusion: Although a decrease in the serum Zn concentration could lead to premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy and preterm birth, it could not be considered as the main factor for preterm birth. In addition, Zn deficiency was highly prevalent in pregnant women. Therefore, nutritional interventions should be performed to prevent complications due to the deficiency of micronutrients such as Zn so that to increase health maintenance in mothers and children.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Takic ◽  
Milica Zekovic ◽  
Brankica Terzic ◽  
Aleksandar Stojsavljevic ◽  
Mirjana Mijuskovic ◽  
...  

Background: Desaturation and elongation are critical processes in endogenous metabolic fatty acid pathways. Zinc (Zn) is a cofactor for desaturases and elongases enzymes. There is limited evidence regarding the relationships between biomarkers of Zn status, nutritional intake, plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).Objective: To examine the relationships between dietary and serum levels of Zn and Cu/Zn ratio and to explore associations of these micronutrients with PUFA profile and estimated desaturase and elongase enzyme activities in serum phospholipids among HD patients.Methods: This study included 40 adult patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Repeated 24-h recalls were applied for dietary intake assessment. Serum concentration of Zn and Cu were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase and elongase activities were calculated from product-precursor fatty acid ratios.Results: Inadequate dietary Zn intake was found in 55% of HD patients. They all had serum Zn concentration below the reference value of 60 μg/dL (mean 38.8 ± 7.72 μg/dL). Adequate zinc intake was accompanied with significantly higher intake of energy, total fats, SFA, MUFA and proteins. There was no correlation between Zn serum status and Zn intake estimates. Serum Cu/Zn ratio was high, (2.76 ± 0.68), directly and significantly associated with HD period, CRP, BMI, VFA, and inversely with Kt/V, albumin, iron, and iPTH. The n-6/n-3 ratio in plasma phospholipids was elevated (12.25 ± 3.45) and patients with inadequate Zn intake had lower n-3 PUFA intake and status compared to those with adequate intake. Serum Zn concentrations were inversely correlated with linoleic/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio (LA/DGLA) (p = 0.037), related to D6-desaturase activity (p = 0.033) and directly with DGLA relative abundances (p = 0.024). Cu status was inversely associated with EPA level (p = 0.03) and estimates of elongase activity (p = 0.001). Furthermore, positive relationship was found between the Cu/Zn ratio and determined elongase value (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Findings of this study underpin the high prevalence of Zn deficiency and inadequate n-3 PUFA intake and status among subjects undergoing HD. The results obtained indicate that the assessment of Zn status should be a standard parameter of nutritional status screening in HD patients while emphasizing the importance of Cu/Zn determination. Although further research is warranted, Zn and-n-3 PUFA supplementation in HD patients might be beneficial for the prevention and attenuation of adverse health outcomes


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi ◽  
Hedieh Moradi Tabriz ◽  
Mansoureh Togha ◽  
Shadi Ariyanfar ◽  
Zeinab Ghorbani ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Without an adequate immune response, SARS-CoV2 virus can simply spread throughout the body of the host. Two of the well-known immunonutrients are selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). Se and Zn deficiency might lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, and viral entry into the cells by decreasing ACE-2 expression; three factors that are proposed to be involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Thus, in the current study we aimed at evaluating the correlation between serum Se and Zn status and COVID-19 severity. Methods Eighty-four COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this observational study. Patients were diagnosed based on an infectious disease specialist diagnosis, using WHO interim guidance and the recommendations of the Iranian National Committee of Covid-19. The patients with acute respiratory tract infection symptoms were checked for compatibility of chest computed tomography (CT) scan results with that of Covid-19 and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for corona virus infection. The severity of Covid-19 was categorized into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe) using CDC criteria. Serum Zn and Se level of all subjects was measured. The severity of the disease was determined only once at the onset of disease. Results According to the results of linear regression test, there was a significant association between Zn and Se level and COVID-19 severity (β = − 0.28, P-value = 0.01 for Se; β = − 0.26, P-value = 0.02). However the significance disappeared after adjusting for confounding factors. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant negative association between serum Zn, Se and CRP level (r = − 0.35, P-value = 0.001 for Se; r = − 0.41, P-value < 0.001 for Zn). Conclusion Results suggest that increasing levels of Se and Zn were accompanied by a decrease in serum CRP level. However, the significant association between Se, Zn, and disease severity was lost after adjusting for confounding factors.


Author(s):  
John Musaba ◽  
Moses Mukosha ◽  
Lubinda Mukololo ◽  
Bellington Vwalika

Background: Micronutrient deficiency is one of the leading public health problems, particularly in lower-middle-income countries. The link between serum zinc (Zn) levels and urinary tract infections (UTIs) among pregnant women is still poorly understood. We investigated the association between maternal serum Zn levels and UTIs among pregnant women at women and newborn hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among 228 pregnant women aged 18 to 45 years between 1 September and 30 November 2019. Serum Zn levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), whereas UTIs were determined based on the local hospital guidelines. We used the logistic regression model to determine the association between Zn levels and UTIs. The analysis was done at a significance level of 5% and 95% confidence interval.Results: Of the total participants, 118/228 (51.75%) tested positive for UTIs from urine culture. The mean serum Zn levels in the group diagnosed with UTIs were 53.95 ug/dl (SD=35.10), while in those who had no UTIs, it was 50.05 ug/dl (SD=35.10). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found no evidence of an association between serum Zn levels and UTIs (p=0.435).Conclusions: From the study findings, there was no association between serum Zn levels and UTIs. This result suggests that Zn may not have any role in urinary tract infection. Nevertheless, more extensive studies are needed to confirm our findings.


2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110304
Author(s):  
Kazeem S Akinwande ◽  
Oluwakemi Olateru-Olagbegi ◽  
Chika J Okwor ◽  
Chukwuemelie Z Uche ◽  
Bassey B Eni ◽  
...  

Automobile technicians in resource-poor settings often work in poor environments and are exposed to chemicals that put them at risk of ill health and disease. These chemical exposures could affect blood coagulation, leading to bleeding disorders or thrombosis. The present study is aimed at assessing prothrombin test (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin test (aPTT) values, serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations, and blood lead level (BLL) among occupationally exposed automobile technicians compared to unexposed controls. A total of 140 consenting participants comprising 70 automobile technicians and 70 unexposed controls were recruited for this case–control study. A 6-mL blood sample was drawn from each participant for estimation of BLL, serum Zn and Cu concentrations, and PT and aPTT values. Blood lead level, and serum Zn and Cu concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while PT and aPTT values were determined using Innovin PT and Actin FS Activated PTT reagents on the Sysmex CA-101 coagulation analyser. Data were analysed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic and multiple linear regression analyses with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The mean BLL, serum Zn concentration, and PT and aPTT values were significantly higher in automobile technicians compared to controls. Binary logistic regression showed that automobile technicians had higher odds of elevated PT value (OR = 21.769; p = 0.000), aPTT value (OR = 1.348; p = 0.018), BLL (OR = 1.261; p = 0.000) and serum Zn concentration (OR = 1.063; p = 0.005) than unexposed controls. Linear regression showed significant positive association of PT value with BLL and with serum Zn concentration. Higher PT and aPTT values reflect prolonged blood coagulation time among automobile technicians, which indicates impairment of extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways associated with work-related exposures.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Darroudi ◽  
Batool Tayefi ◽  
Habibollah Esmaily ◽  
Fatemeh Sadabadi ◽  
Hamideh Moalemzadeh Haghighi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for the synthesis, storage, and release of insulin. The relationship between serum Zn and MetS is controversial. In this study we have evaluated whether serum Zn levels are associated with hsCRP level according to MetS phenotypes. Method: A total of 9493 individuals (3768 men and 5635 women) were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Association Disorder (MASHAD) study. We measured the concentration of serum Zn by flame atomic absorption (Varian AA240FS) and we divided the subjects into quartile of serum Zn. We used SPSS version 18 statistical analyses for all. GraphPad Prism 6 for figures was used.Results: In this study there were significant differences between quartiles of Zn according to sex. The results showed that the level of serum hs-CRP were higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome who also had a serum Zn >95 µg/dl. In subjects with serum Zn <70 µg/dl, an increase in serum hs-CRP was associated with an increased risk of MetS by 2.2%, 1.022(CI: 1.01-1.034). Moreover, among subjects in the first, second and third quartiles of serum Zn, some phenotypes of metabolic syndrome (WHB, WHT, WTG, WTB, WHBG, WHTG, and WTBG) were associated with a risk of increasing hs-CRP level (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Serum hs-CRP concentrations were related to MetS phenotypes. This relationship was modified by serum Zn level. According to the number of MetS components serum Zn levels decreased as the number of MetS component increased, and low serum zinc levels (Q1) showed an overall greater prevalence of MetS.


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