scholarly journals Tool geometry analysis for plunge milling of lead-free CuZn-alloys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Baier ◽  
Lukas Kokozinski ◽  
Daniel Schraknepper ◽  
Thomas Bergs
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Plunge Milling ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Pilot Hole ◽  
Electrical Connector ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

Plunge milling is a critical process step in mass manufacturing of rectangular shapes in electrical connector components. These shapes are manufactured by drilling a pilot hole and subsequent plunge milling with a radial offset (pitch) one or more times. The plunged cavity serves as guidance for the final broaching cut. In light of new legislative initiatives, the electronics industry is forced to use lead-free Cu-Zn-Alloys for mass manufacturing of these connectors. The plunging tool is deflected due to the higher cutting forces experienced in machining of lead-free CuZn-alloys in comparison to alloys with lead. This results in an offset of the milled cavity and negatively impacts tool guidance in the subsequent broaching process. Therefore, the geometric tolerances cannot be met. In this paper, the effect of tool geometry and cutting parameters on the workpiece geometry in plunge milling is investigated. The effect of the microstructure of the work-piece materials CuZn37, CuZn42 and CuZn21Si3P on the tool deflection and cutting force components is examined. The tools used vary regarding the design of the corner in terms of the corner chamfer and the inner shaft thickness. Friction between chips in the tools inner flutes and the cavity walls reduced workpiece accuracy. Improvements were achieved by reducing the width of the cutting corner chamfers, using large inner flutes and applying low cutting parameters.

Surface Roughness and Cutting Force Components Evaluation in Hard Turning by Differently Shaped Cutting Tools

2016 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Samardžiová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

There is a difference in machining by the cutting tool with defined geometry and undefined geometry. That is one of the reasons of implementation of hard turning into the machining process. In current manufacturing processes is hard turning many times used as a fine finish operation. It has many advantages – machining by single point cutting tool, high productivity, flexibility, ability to produce parts with complex shapes at one clamping. Very important is to solve machined surface quality. There is a possibility to use wiper geometry in hard turning process to achieve 3 – 4 times lower surface roughness values. Cutting parameters influence cutting process as well as cutting tool geometry. It is necessary to take into consideration cutting force components as well. Issue of the use of wiper geometry has been still insufficiently researched.

scholarly journals Trochoidal Milling and Neural Networks Simulation of Magnesium Alloys

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Zagórski ◽  
Monika Kulisz ◽  
Mariusz Kłonica ◽  
Jakub Matuszak
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Multilayered Perceptron ◽  
Force Components

This paper set out to investigate the effect of cutting speed vc and trochoidal step str modification on selected machinability parameters (the cutting force components and vibration). In addition, for a more detailed analysis, selected surface roughness parameters were investigated. The research was carried out for two grades of magnesium alloys—AZ91D and AZ31—and aimed to determine stable machining parameters and to investigate the dynamics of the milling process, i.e., the resulting change in the cutting force components and in vibration. The tests were performed for the specified range of cutting parameters: vc = 400–1200 m/min and str = 5–30%. The results demonstrate a significant effect of cutting data modification on the parameter under scrutiny—the increase in vc resulted in the reduction of the cutting force components and the displacement and level of vibration recorded in tests. Selected cutting parameters were modelled by means of Statistica Artificial Neural Networks (Radial Basis Function and Multilayered Perceptron), which, furthermore, confirmed the suitability of neural networks as a tool for prediction of the cutting force and vibration in milling of magnesium alloys.

Numerical Model for Prediction of Cutting Forces in a Vibratory Drilling Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawel Glaa ◽  
Kamel Mehdi ◽  
Moez Ben Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Forced Vibrations ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

The drilling operation is considered by manufacturers as complex and difficult process (rapid wear of the cutting edge as well as problems of chip evacuation). Faced with these failures, manufacturers have shifted in recent years towards the drilling process assisted by forced vibrations. This method consist to add an axial oscillation with a low frequency to the classical feed movement of the drill so as to ensure good fragmentation and better chip evacuation. This paper presents a model for prediction of cutting forces during a drilling operation assisted by forced low-frequency vibration. The model allows understanding the interaction between the tool and the workpiece and identifying numerically the three-dimensional evolution of the cutting force components generated by the vibratory drilling operation. The effects of cutting parameters, tool parameters and those of forced vibrations on the cutting forces distributions will be discussed.

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Tool Geometry and Cutting Conditions Using Tool Wear Prediction Model for End Milling Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kalidass ◽  
P. Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Machining Parameter

Tool wear of a cutting tool has a significant impact on the tool life and surface quality of the finished product. Tool wear is influenced by many factors such as cutting parameters, tool geometry, coating type, work piece material, chatter, and cutting condition. In the present work, the design of experiments (DOE) technique has been used for four factors at five levels to conduct experiments. Tool wear is taken as the response variable measured during end milling, while helix angle, spindle speed, feed and depth of cut are taken as the input parameters. The material and tool selected for this study are AISI 304 stainless steel and uncoated solid carbide end mill cutter respectively. The tool wear was measured using tool maker's microscope. The experimental values are used in six sigma software for finding the coefficients to develop the regression model. The direct and interaction effect of the machining parameter with tool wear were analyzed using contour graphs, which helped to select process parameters for reducing tool wear and also ensure quality of milling.

Finite Element Analysis of Burr Formation in Micro-Machining

2014 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Juan Huang ◽  
Yong Hua Xiong ◽  
Jin Gui Huang ◽  
Gui Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Burr Formation ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Micro Cutting ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
General Law

In the process of micro-cutting for the precision small parts, one of the main problems is the micro burrs. The finite element software Abaqus was used to simulate the micro-cutting process of aluminum 2024-T3. To create this model, Johnson-Cook (J-C) model was used to establish the material model, and Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method was used to separate the chip from work-piece. The contact friction models which was used between chip and tool was the modified Coulomb friction law. The formation process of micro burrs was simulated dynamically, and the effect of different cutting parameters and tool geometry parameters on burrs forming was analyzed. Furthermore, the general law was obtained. The results provide the guidance for optimizing the tool geometry parameters and cutting parameters to reduce the burrs in micro-cutting with the high surface quality.

Modelling and Analysis of Relationship between Cutting Parameters Surface Roughness and Cutting Forces Using Response Surface Methodology when Hard Turning with Coated Ceramic Inserts

2016 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Maňková ◽  
Marek Vrabeľ ◽  
Jozef Beňo ◽  
Mária Franková
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

Experimental research and modeling in the field of turning hardened bearing steel with hardness of 62 HRC using TiN coated mixed oxide ceramic inserts is presented. The main objective of the article is investigation the relationship between cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) and output machining variables (surface roughness and cutting force components) through the response surface methodology (RSM). The mathematical model of the effect of process parameters on the cutting force components and surface roughness is presented. Moreover, the influence of TiN coating on above mentioned variables was monitored. The design of experiment according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal matrix (32) was applied for trials. Pearson´s correlation matrix was used to examine the dependence between the factors (f, vc) and the machining variables (surface roughness and cutting force components). The results show how much surface roughness and cutting force components is influenced by cutting speed and feed in hard turning with coated ceramics.

An Experimental Investigation of the Cutting Force in High Speed Ball-End Rough Milling of Cr12MoV

2012 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Zi Ye Liu ◽  
Chuan Zhen Huang ◽  
Xin Qiang Zhuang ◽  
Bin Zou ◽  
Han Lian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Rough Milling ◽  
Force Components

An orthogonal test was carried out so as to analyze the cutting force in high speed rough milling with ball-end cutting tools. The wave form of the cutting force components was analyzed. The range analysis was performed to investigate the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting force. The analysis results show that the depth of cut and feed rate have the most significant effect on the resultant force. An empirical equation to describe the resultant cutting force was developed.

Impact of Tool Geometry on Cutting Dynamics

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achala V. Dassanayake ◽  
C. Steve Suh
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Unstable System ◽  
Edge Angle ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

Machining stability in response to changing tool geometry is studied using a 3D turning model that considers coupled tool-workpiece dynamics subject to nonlinear regenerative cutting forces [1]. As tool geometry varies with the specified tool angles, values of tool rake angle, side cutting edge angle, and inclination angle are considered in the study as the controlled parameters. In the presented model, cutting force components in the X, Y, and Z directions vary with the variations of tool geometry, thus resulting in changes in cutting dynamics — a major feature not attainable using 1D models. It is found that tool geometry does have a significant effect on machining stability. In contrast to commonly used stability charts that are created by considering varying cutting speed and depth-of-cut (DOC), the study makes an observation that tool geometry can be a variable effective in restoring an unstable system back to stability without having to resort to changing cutting speed, feed rate or DOC.

Researches on Milling Machining of Planar Thin Wall Parts

2015 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Ionuţ Gabriel Ghionea ◽  
Ioan Tănase ◽  
Adrian Ghionea
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Thin Walls ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

In the paper are presented some experimental and by simulation results obtained in the machining by milling of plane surfaces of thin walls parts. Two case studies are considered: when the thin wall is vertical and then the thin wall is horizontal positioned. Some values of the cutting force components are established using a modern dynamometer and a data acquisition system. The elastic deformation values of the machined part are also determined by experimental tests and simulated in a FEM analysis. Depending on the data that geometrically define the part and the cutting tools, their materials and the cutting parameters, are set values of the cutting forces and powers. There are presented the results of values comparison obtained by measuring during the processes with those established by applying FEM. Both case studies results lead to some remarks and useful recommendations for determining the machining parameters and the needed conditions for the technological system in the processing of parts with thin walls and minimum deformations.

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