scholarly journals Lactoferrin beneficially influences the recovery of physiological and behavioral indexes in mice exposed to acute gamma-irradiation

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ю. Копаева ◽  
И.Б. Алчинова ◽  
М.В. Нестеренко ◽  
А.Б. Черепов ◽  
И.Ю. Зарайская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Compensatory Effect

Целью настоящей работы стало исследование эффектов лактоферрина (Лф) человека у мышей после острого гамма-облучения в сублетальной дозе. Методы. Исследование было проведено на 2-2,5-месячных самцах мышей линии C57Bl/6. Животные из экспериментальных групп были подвергнуты общему воздействию гамма-излучения в дозе 7,5 Гр. Сразу после облучения и повторно через 24 часа после него часть животных получила инъекцию Лф (внутрибрюшинно, 4 мг на животное). Было изучено влияние Лф на выживаемость и среднюю продолжительность жизни мышей. Для оценки общей двигательной и исследовательской активности использовали тест «Открытое поле». Результаты. Введение Лф позволило увеличить выживаемость и среднюю продолжительность жизни облученных мышей в течение эксперимента. Происходила более быстрая нормализация динамики изменения массы тела. Кроме того, Лф оказал компенсаторное действие на исследовательскую активность облученных животных. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of human lactoferrin (Lf) in mice exposed to acute gamma-irradiation at a sublethal dose. Methods. C57Вl/6 2-2.5-month-old male mice were used for the experiments. Animals from experimental groups were exposed to whole-body gamma-radiation at a dose of 7.5 Gy. Some animals received an intraperitoneal injection of Lf (4 mg per animal) immediately and then at 24 hours after the irradiation. The effect of Lf on survival rate and life span was studied. The open field test was used to assess locomotor and research activity. Results. The Lf administration increased the survival rate and life span of irradiated mice during the experiment. The dynamics of body weight normalized faster. In addition, Lf exerted a compensatory effect on the research activity of irradiated animals.

scholarly journals CTRP12 ablation differentially affects energy expenditure, body weight, and insulin sensitivity in male and female mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. E146-E162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Y. Tan ◽  
Xia Lei ◽  
Hannah C. Little ◽  
Susana Rodriguez ◽  
Dylan C. Sarver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Homozygous Deletion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Female Mice

Secreted hormones facilitate tissue cross talk to maintain energy balance. We previously described C1q/TNF-related protein 12 (CTRP12) as a novel metabolic hormone. Gain-of-function and partial-deficiency mouse models have highlighted important roles for this fat-derived adipokine in modulating systemic metabolism. Whether CTRP12 is essential and required for metabolic homeostasis is unknown. We show here that homozygous deletion of Ctrp12 gene results in sexually dimorphic phenotypes. Under basal conditions, complete loss of CTRP12 had little impact on male mice, whereas it decreased body weight (driven by reduced lean mass and liver weight) and improved insulin sensitivity in female mice. When challenged with a high-fat diet, Ctrp12 knockout (KO) male mice had decreased energy expenditure, increased weight gain and adiposity, elevated serum TNFα level, and reduced insulin sensitivity. In contrast, female KO mice had reduced weight gain and liver weight. The expression of lipid synthesis and catabolism genes, as well as profibrotic, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress genes were largely unaffected in the adipose tissue of Ctrp12 KO male mice. Despite greater adiposity and insulin resistance, Ctrp12 KO male mice fed an obesogenic diet had lower circulating triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. In contrast, lipid profiles of the leaner female KO mice were not different from those of WT controls. These data suggest that CTRP12 contributes to whole body energy metabolism in genotype-, diet-, and sex-dependent manners, underscoring complex gene-environment interactions influencing metabolic outcomes.

Dosimetry and pathology of 237Np in female rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sontag ◽  
R. Wirth ◽  
A. Luz ◽  
E. Schäffer ◽  
V. Volf
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 10-12-week old and weigh ing about 240 g, were injected intravenously with 237Np nitrate. In the toxicological study 77 rats served as controls and 28 rats per group received single doses of 5.2 and 26 kBq, respectively, per kg body weight. In addition, 12 rats of each injection level, sacrificed at defined points in time, were used for dosimetric studies. During the whole life-span the body weight and 237Np whole body-content of each animal were recorded. After death a detailed pathological examination was made of each animal in the cronical study. One day after injection 48% of the injected activity was in the skeleton, 9.3% in the liver, 3% in the kidneys and 4.4% in the rest of the organs. Whereas in all organs the activity decreased very fast, the half-life in the skeleton was about 1400 days. The bodyweights were comparable in the three groups, but the life span decreased from 800 days (control group) to 644 days after injection (26 kBq kg -1 body weight group). The main lesions in the female rats were mammary tumors (73%) and pituitary gland tumors (52%). With increasing activity the incidence of pituary gland tumors decreased and that of osteosarco mas increased from 1.3% (control group) to 32% (26 kBq kg-1 body weight group), whereas the remaining lesions showed no influence on the activity.

scholarly journals Radiation protection by an isoflavone, genistein: A study on the survivability of mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lal Bhatia ◽  
Ajay Gaur ◽  
Avadhesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Radioprotective Effect ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Different Doses

The radioprotective effects of an acute administration of the isoflavone genistein (4?, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone), have been investigated in the present study. Male mice were administered with different doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of genistein 24 hours prior to 8 Gy gamma irradiation and the 200 mg/kg dose of genistein was determined to offer the maximum survivability and was used as an optimum dose for further experimentation. The 0.5 ml dose of genistein (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to 2 different groups of mice, 15 minutes and 24 hours prior to gamma irradiation. In the mice treated with genistein with the optimum dose 24 hours before irradiation, a significant increase in 30 day survival has been recorded in contrast to the mice treated with genistein 15 minutes before the irradiation. The longer survivability (i. e. 20% for a period of more than 30 days) has been observed in the 24 hour group as compared to that of 15 minutes (i. e. 20% for 22 days). Although the radioprotective effect of genistein was evident in both groups, it was of greater magnitude in the group with a longer interval, indicating thereby an efficacy with longer retention with the possible minimum toxicity, unlike hitherto known other radioprotective agents.

Protective effects of erdosteine against nephrotoxicity caused by gamma radiation in male albino rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Elkady ◽  
IM Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Radiation Induced

The aim of this study was focused on investigating the possible protective effect of erdosteine against gamma radiation-induced renal lesions in male albino rats. Twenty-eight albino rats were divided into four equal groups as follows: control group, irradiated group (animals subjected to whole-body gamma irradiation at a dose of 5 Gy), treated group (each rat received 100 mg/kg body weight once daily, orally by gastric tube, erdosteine for 1 week), and treated irradiated group (each rat received 100 mg/kg body weight once daily, orally by gastric tube, erdosteine for 1 week, then exposed to whole-body gamma irradiation at a dose of 5 Gy). The results revealed that the administration of erdosteine to rats before irradiation significantly ameliorated the changes occurred in kidney function (creatinine and urea) compared with irradiated group. Also the changes in serum tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6 activities were markedly improved compared with the corresponding values of irradiated group. Kidney catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and reduced glutathione concentration showed approximately normal level when compared with the irradiated group. The histopathological results showed distinctive pattern of renal lesions in irradiated group, while in treated irradiated group the renal tissues showed relatively well-preserved architecture. Erdosteine acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent or ameliorate the toxic effects of gamma irradiation as shown in the biochemical and histopathological changes and might provide substantial protection against radiation-induced inflammatory damage.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Gomisin N in High-Fat-Induced Drosophila Obesity Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7209
Author(s):  
Joo Young Lee ◽  
Ji Hye Lee ◽  
Chong Kun Cheon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gomisin N

Gomisin N (GN) is lignin derived from Schisandra chinensis that has been reported to exhibit hepato-protective, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its role in whole-body energetic homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we employed Drosophila melanogaster as a diet-induced obese model to elucidate the effects of GN on lipid and glucose metabolism by measuring climbing activity, triglyceride levels, and lifespan under a rearing condition of a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 20% coconut oil, with or without GN. Constant exposure of flies to an HFD resulted in increased body weight and decreased climbing activity, along with a shortened life span. Importantly, the administration of GN to HFD groups lowered their body weight and induced a specific upregulation of lipid storage droplet (Lsd)-2 and hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl), in addition to improved lifespan. Importantly, GN in HFD groups appeared to downregulate heat shock protein Hsp90 family member (dGRP94), a key regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, which may also contribute to improved life span in the presence of GN. Taken together, these in vivo findings suggest that GN could serve as a useful agent for the prevention and treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Combining a High Dose of Metformin With the SIRT1 Activator, SRT1720, Reduces Life Span in Aged Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2037-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dushani L Palliyaguru ◽  
Robin K Minor ◽  
Sarah J Mitchell ◽  
Hector H Palacios ◽  
Jordan J Licata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sharp Reduction ◽  
Antidiabetic Drug ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Sirt1 Activator

Abstract SRT1720, a sirtuin1-activator, and metformin (MET), an antidiabetic drug, confer health and life-span benefits when administered individually. It is unclear whether combination of the two compounds could lead to additional benefits. Groups of 56-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with either SRT1720 (2 g/kg food), a high dose of MET (1% wt/wt food), or a combination of both. Animals were monitored for survival, body weight, food consumption, body composition, and rotarod performance. Mice treated with MET alone did not have improved longevity, and life span was dramatically reduced by combination of MET with SRT1720. Although all groups of animals were consuming similar amounts of food, mice on MET or MET + SRT1720 showed a sharp reduction in body weight. SRT1720 + MET mice also had lower percent body fat combined with better performance on the rotarod compared to controls. These data suggest that co-treatment of SRT1720 with MET is detrimental to survival at the doses used and, therefore, risk-benefits of combining life-span-extending drugs especially in older populations needs to be systematically evaluated.

Evaluation of a New Preparation of Urokinase

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
C.R.M Prentice ◽  
K.M Rogers ◽  
G.P McNicol
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Initial Dose ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agent ◽  
Thromboplastic Activity

SummaryThe pharmacological effect of a new preparation of urokinase (Leo) has been studied, both in vitro and in six patients suffering from thrombo-embolic disorders. It was a non-toxic, effective fibrinolytic agent if given in sufficient dosage. A regimen consisting of an initial dose of 7,200 ploug units per kg body weight, followed by hourly maintenance therapy with 3,600 ploug units per kg intravenously, gave satisfactory evidence of whole body fibrinolytic activity. The preparation had minor but insignificant thromboplastic activity both when assayed in the laboratory and when given to patients.

scholarly journals Genetic Regulation of Life Span, Metabolism, and Body Weight in Pohn, a New Wild-Derived Mouse Strain

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yuan ◽  
Kevin Flurkey ◽  
Qingying Meng ◽  
Mike C. Astle ◽  
David E. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Genetic Regulation
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