scholarly journals One of the methods of root selection in solving trigonometric equations

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
З.Г. Гончарова ◽  
Т.Ю. Дёмина ◽  
Е.В. Неискашова ◽  
В.В. Демин

При подготовке учащихся 10-11 классов к профильному ЕГЭ по математике возникают трудности при отборе корней тригонометрического уравнения, которые принадлежат заданному промежутку. Существует несколько методов отбора корней, но идеального не существует – у каждого из этих методов есть свои слабые стороны. Мы хотим предложить метод, который, на наш взгляд, позволяет учащимся более успешно производить отбор корней в тригонометрических уравнениях. В школьном курсе математики для отбора корней чаще всего используются тригонометрический круг или отбор корней с помощью двойного неравенства, определяющего заданный промежуток. Ситуация в реальных заданиях усложняется тем, что заданный диапазон для значений корней выходит за рамки одного круга. Это обстоятельство усложняет отбор корней на самой окружности, т.к. требует от учащихся более сложной ориентации на ней. Если значение корня не может быть явно записано в радианной мере, то отбор корней с помощью двойного неравенства становится проблематичным. Экзаменационная работа по математике базового уровня состоит из одной части, включающей 20 заданий с кратким ответом. Все задания направлены на проверку освоения базовых умений и практических навыков применения математических знаний в повседневных ситуациях. Ответом к каждому из заданий 1-20 является целое число, конечная десятичная дробь, или последовательность цифр. When preparing students in grades 10-11 for the profile USE in mathematics, there are difficulties in selecting the roots of the trigonometric equation that belong to a given interval. There are several methods of root selection, but there is no perfect one – each of these methods has its own weaknesses. We want to propose a method that, in our opinion, allows students to more successfully select the roots in trigonometric equations. In a school mathematics course, the most common way to select roots is to use a trigonometric circle or to select roots using a double inequality that defines a given interval. The situation in real tasks is complicated by the fact that the specified range for the values of the roots goes beyond one circle. This fact complicates the selection of roots on the circle itself, since it requires students to have a more complex orientation on it. If the root value cannot be explicitly written in the radian measure, then selecting the roots using the double inequality becomes problematic. The basic level math exam paper consists of one part, including 20 tasks with a short answer. All tasks are aimed at testing the development of basic skills and practical skills of applying mathematical knowledge in everyday situations. The answer to each of the tasks 1-20 is an integer, a finite decimal, or a sequence of digits.

Author(s):  
Helena Rocha

Proof plays a central role in developing, establishing and communicating mathematical knowledge. Nevertheless, it is not such a central element in school mathematics. This article discusses some issues involving mathematical proof in school, intending to characterize the understanding of mathematical proof in school, its function and the meaning and relevance attributed to the notion of simple proof. The main conclusions suggest that the idea of addressing mathematical proof at all levels of school is a recent idea that is not yet fully implemented in schools. It requires an adaptation of the understanding of proof to the age of the students, reducing the level of formality and allowing the students to experience the different functions of proof and not only the function of verification. Among the different functions of proof, the function of explanation deserves special attention due to the illumination and empowerment that it can bring to the students and their learning. The way this function of proof relates to the notion of simple proof (and the related aesthetic issues) seems relevant enough to make it, in the future, a focus of attention for the teachers who address mathematical proof in the classroom. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The notion of ‘simple proof’ - Hilbert's 24th problem’.


2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Carol E. Malloy ◽  
D. Bruce Guild

IN WHAT WAYS WOULD YOU LIKE YOUR middle-grades students to experience problem solving in the mathematics curriculum? Do you want the curriculum to capture the excitement of geometry and measurement, algebra, statistics, and number relationships? Do you want it to help students understand and build new mathematical knowledge and explore new mathematical relationships? Do you want the curriculum to be filled with opportunities for students to ponder, create, and critique arguments about mathematics? If this is your vision for your students, then you should be pleased with, and excited by, the Problem Solving Standard in Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 2000).


Author(s):  
Paul Ernest

This paper explores the ethics of the mathematics teacher, starting from the ethical obligations that all human being and professionals share towards those in their care. Most notably this involves a duty of care for students, since teachers can be the most influential persons after their parents. The ethics of mathematics teaching is analysed as concerning the aims of school mathematics, the selection of pedagogy, and the selection of content. The equal treatment of all students is also a central principle, although there are ethical dilemmas posed by the spread of achievement levels in mathematics. The ethical content of school mathematics itself is also considered, although this is a controversial issue. The paper notes that the modern tendency is for teachers to be viewed almost as technicians delivering the centrally decided mathematics curriculum. This paper argues that teachers have ethical agency which can and should still be exercised while meeting professional and institutional obligations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
E. N. Perevoshckikova ◽  
A. V. Bychkov

Introduction. The article highlights the methodical aspects of preparing a future teacher of mathematics for the development of assignments for students, presents various methods of involving students in the activity of developing assignments at the stage of formalization of a real situation, reveals the features of building an educational module aimed at formation of students' competencies in developing tasks for the formalization stage when solving tasks. The article reveals the stages of formations of actions that are part of the modeling, and drawing up adequate exercises on their basis.Materials and Methods. The study is based on a systematic approach that allows us to consider the learning process as a system aimed at the methodological preparation of students for the design of tasks for the formation of schoolchildren's ability to model; the activity approach provides a phased formation of the actions that are part of the modeling; a modular approach that ensures the construction of an educational module for the formation of new competencies in the design of tasks in future mathematics teachers, aimed at the formation of modeling actions in schoolchildren; a competence-based approach, on the basis of which the methodical foundations of the formation of new competencies in students are identified.Results. It was found that the process of methodical preparation of future teachers for the development of assignments for students should be built taking into account the specifics of future professional activities; the structure of practical lessons within the educational module should be built in accordance with the activity approach, which ensures the gradual formation of the actions that are part of the modeling. The organization of students' work on the analysis of the structure and content of tasks presented in the works of domestic and international studies, will allow students to be included in the work on identifying the composition of actions necessary to solve practice-oriented tasks, on the selection of situations, for the formalization of which mathematical knowledge and skills are needed to model, for constructing the plot of practice-oriented tasks. The methods of organizing the activities of students at motivational and content stages are highlighted, examples of constructed tasks are given.Discussion and Conclusions. The article discusses the stages of identifying the actions that are part of the formalization in the process of analyzing real situations, formulates methods for including students in the activity of drawing up the conditions of the problem and formulating various questions for schoolchildren, allowing them to be included in the compilation of a meaningful and mathematical model of the situation presented in task. The conclusion formulated in the article is that in the process of forming new competencies in future mathematics teachers, it is necessary to organize their activities for the selection of a set of actions that make up the modeling and to drawing up a plot and questions for a practice-oriented task based on the selected actions.


1965 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Clarence Ethel Hardgrove

Some critics of contemporary programs of elementary school mathematics say that the programs neglect computational skills. They say that children are being educated to understand arithmetic but not to do it. Is this a valid criticism? Let us look at the facts.


1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Jenny A. Piazza ◽  
Margaret M. Scott ◽  
Elizabeth C. Carver

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) reflects the importance of understanding the development of knowledge at the K-4 level. The standards document recognizes that current instructional and curricular content must focus on students' active construction of mathematical knowledge. Instructional practices need to be conceptually oriented, involve children actively, emphasize the development of mathematical thinking and application, and include a broad range of content.


1981 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-186
Author(s):  
Mary Jo Doebling

Since few things interest young people as much as automobiles, a unit on buying one creates great enthusiasm. Such a unit has been a repeated success in a consumer mathematics course for eleventh- and twelth-grade students who have taken at least one previous high school mathematics course. Because of the wide variety of abilities in a class, materials should be highly adaptable.


2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Williams

Problem solving is generally recognized as one of the most important components of mathematics. In Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics emphasized that instructional programs should enable all students in all grades to “build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving, solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts, apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems, and monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving” (NCTM 2000, p. 52). But how do students become competent and confident mathematical problem solvers?


1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 686-688

Mathematical modeling is an emerging theme in mathematics education. In addition to giving students a knowledge of the applications of mathematics and a process for applying mathematics in the “real” world, modeling offers teachers an excellent vehicle for introducing and developing students' mathematical knowledge. For these reasons, modeling occupies a prominent place in the recommendations of the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989).


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