Village Festivals and Rites in Croatian Naive Art

Author(s):  
Софья Антоновна Лагранская

Хорватское наивное искусство, зародившееся в небольшом селе Хлебине, неотделимо от обрядности, без которой невозможно представить течение деревенской жизни. Яркие и декоративные работы крестьянских художников крепко спаяны не только с народным искусством, но и с самим сельским бытом, с его ритмично повторяющимися циклами. В картинах хорватских живописцев особое внимание уделяется изображению различных семейных и календарных праздников. Прослеживаются в творчестве хлебинской школы и элементы архаических обрядов, сохранившиеся в культуре южных славян. Традиционные для хорватской деревни ритуалы не могли не оказать влияния на художников, они послужили плодородной почвой для создания яркой подстекольной живописи. Связь наивного и народного искусства по мере углубления в проблематику становится всё более и более явственной. Мышление хорватских наивных художников архетипично в том смысле, что под определенными образами и темами их творчества есть глубокая мифологическая основа: угадывается целый комплекс смыслов, присутствует ощущение первозданности природы и хрупкого слоя крестьянской цивилизации. Обращение к образам и символам земледельческих обрядов и праздников - это не просто дань традиции хлебинской школы, это внутренняя потребность выражения себя в этой вечной для художников, живущих на берегах Дравы, теме бытия крестьянского мира. Croatian naive art developed in the small village of Hlebine is inseparable from the rituals of village life. The bright, ornamental works of peasant artists are firmly tied not only to folk art, but also to rural life and its repetitive cycles. In the paintings of these Croatian artists specific attention is paid to the depiction of family and calendar holidays. Traditional Croatian village life has had a strong impact on the artists has served as fertile soil for the creation of bright colored painting. Elements of archaic rituals that are still preserved in the culture of the South Slavs may be seen in their works. The connection between naive and folk art becomes clearer as we delve deeper into it. The thinking of Croatian naive artists is archetypal in the sense that a deep mythological basis underlies certain images and themes of their work. A complex of meanings may be intuited; there is a sense of primeval nature and the fragile layer of peasant civilization. The appeal to images and symbols of agricultural rites and holidays is not just a tribute to the tradition of the Hlebine school; for artists living on the banks of the Drava it derives from an inner need to express themselves in these eternal themes of the peasant world.

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Popek

The article discusses the federalist concepts of the Bulgarian economist Boncho Boev, formulated during the Bulgarian-Serbian rapprochement in 1904. The creation of a South-Slavic State would take place through the economic integration of Serbia and Bulgaria, which, by improving their economic position, would simultaneously strengthen their political situation and join Macedonia. Boev’s views are presented on the basis of speeches given during the Student Balkan Congress in Sofia on 6–8 March (22–24 February old style) 1904, and subsequently published in the Journal of the Bulgarian Economic Society as “Посещението на Сръбски крал и сръбско-българското сближение” [The Visit of the King of Serbia and the Serbian-Bulgarian Rapprochement] and “Балканската федерация като идеал на сръбско-българската младеж” [The Balkan Federation as the Ideal of the Bulgarian-Serb Youth].


Author(s):  
Zinaida V. Pushina ◽  
Galina V. Stepanova ◽  
Ekaterina L. Grundan

Zoya Ilyinichna Glezer is the largest Russian micropaleontologist, a specialist in siliceous microfossils — Cenozoic diatoms and silicoflagellates. Since the 1960s, she systematically studied Paleogene siliceous microfossils from various regions of the country and therefore was an indispensable participant in the development of unified stratigraphic schemes for Paleogene siliceous plankton of various regions of the USSR. She made a great contribution to the creation of the newest Paleogene schemes in the south of European Russia and Western Siberia, to the correlations of the Paleogene deposits of the Kara Sea.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
E. V. Fomchenko ◽  

The article deals with such a modern phenomenon of culture and art — as performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the performative features as characteristics of modern artistic creativity and their influence on the development of folk culture. The tendency for turning to ritual, ceremonial types of folk art, whereby the communication is put forward, is considered on the example of the creative activity of the folklore ensemble "Rosstan". The article notes such performative characteristics as the creation of an event and atmosphere, space and communication organization, the interaction of the audience, that provide conditions for perception and response. The author relies on the works of such scientists as: E. Fischer-Lichte, V. Turner, A. Ya. Flier, L. N. Zakharova, L. V. Demina and others. In the process of studying following methods were used: generalization, comparison and also dialectical, historical and logical once. Modern features in folk culture, expressed in the interaction of traditional and innovative folkloristics are revealed on the example of the creative activity of "Rosstan". The revival of folk culture, the realization of its creative potential is possible through the development of cultural traditions and the creation of innovations related to ancient ritual forms of interaction, which should be adapted to the present and be understood by modern generation.


2006 ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Dzelebdzic

The present paper deals with personal names mentioned by Demetrios Chomatenos which can with some certainty be identified as Slavic in origin. For the greater part, these are well-known Slavic names, often of Common Slavic origin, also attested in other Slavic languages. A couple of uncommon names is also attested, such as Svinjilo and Svinja (Sb?niloz, Sbina). Among the names of non-Slavic origin, it is the Saints' names that are most commonly found, but some others are attested as well, like Kuman, Sarakin or Kandid all of them well known among the South Slavs. The Slavonic ethnicity of the carriers of these names can as a rule be established by tracing their family relations. In the course of the 11th and 12th centuries, family names became quite common and stable in Byzantium, at least with aristocratic families. As first noted by Jacques Lefort, some paroikoi on the territories belonging to the monasteries of the Holy Mountain had family names, too, but these tended to appear sporadically and to disappear after some time. Demetrios Chomatenos' judicial decisions show that at that period family names were carried by the majority of the inhabitants of Byzantine Macedonia, Epirus and other regions (including women, sometimes even monks), not only the members of the elite. However, the Slavic population of these regions still often stuck to the ancient custom of naming a person only with a personal name sometimes supplemented by a patronymic. This notwithstanding, more than twenty persons did have, apart from their Slavic name, another one, usually of Christian origin. Although the data do not always allow for an unequivocal identification of the functions of each of these names, it can be safely assumed that they are not instances of double personal names, but rather that the name of Christian origin functions as a personal name, the Slavic one as a family name. This is quite certain for the family of Svinjilos from Berroia (Ponem. Diaph. 81) and very probable for the family of Ljutovojs (Litobonz) from Skoplje (59). People with double names are usually persons of some importance, members of local aristocracy, imperial clerks or high representatives of the clergy, which is indicated by the fact that their names are often preceded by epithets like megaliphaestatoz, pansebastoz sebastoz, kyr or by administrative titles like arch?n. Family names are usually not grammatically different from personal names, mostly because it was common to simply take a personal name of an ancestor as the family name without further modifications, just like in Byzantine families. Chomatianos' judicial decisions yield only two derived family names, both formed from a Slavic stem with the Greek suffix -poyloz (Bogdanopoyloz, Serbopoyloz). Family names among the Slavs are attested at the same period in Dalmatian towns, whereas they are virtually unknown in the areas predominantly inhabited by Serbs, as evident from the Chrysobulls of Decani and other Serbian medieval documents.


Author(s):  
F. Sacristán - Romero

The objectives of satellites HISPASAT are oriented towards the search to satisfy necessities derived from the transport of television and radio signals. It tries the supplying of a basic and safe support of communications for the defence and security of the national territory, the creation of an infrastructure of channels for official networks, routes of data, restoration of connections, rural telephony. Also is wanted to foment the provision of television channels for the Hispanic community in the south and center of America and the broadcasting of services of television for people in general.


The A. C. Saunders site (41AN19) is an important ancestral Caddo settlement in the upper Neches River basin in Anderson County in East Texas. The site is one of only a few ancestral Caddo sites with mound features in the upper Neches River basin, particularly those that are known to date after ca. A.D. 1400, but this part of the upper Neches River basin, including its many tributaries, such as Caddo Creek just to the south and west, was widely settled by Caddo farmers after that time. These Caddo groups left behind evidence of year-round occupied settlements with house structures, middens, and outdoor activity areas, impressive artifact assemblages, as well as the creation of numerous cemeteries, most apparently the product of use by families or lineage groups.


Temida ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Jovan Ciric

In the nineties of the last century it was noticed in the U.S.A. that suddenly the number of crimes with violence in the inter-racial and inter-ethnical conflicts rose. Also the phenomenon of ignition of churches, religious and sacral objects, especially in the south of the U.S.A., objects which were used by black people, was recorded. Directly in relation to that - the term ?hate crimes? then arose in science and became outspread very quickly, primarily in criminology. Several events, and above all the murder of a young homosexual in Wyoming influenced for both the violence and the crimes commited towards the homosexuals and all due to the prejudices towards this sexual minority to be included in this term. Today, this term is used not only in the U.S.A. and not only in a criminological sense, but also in a purely legal sense to denote the crimes which were carried out under the influence of hate towards a correspondent racial, ethnical or sexual minority. This term is linked also to the terminology and thus the problems which are related to the ?hate speech?. The author of this paper writes about how this term arose in the first place and which problems emerge related to hate crimes and primarily in relation to the issues of expansion of democracy and tolerance, and also education, primarily among the police force and the young population. The author also ascertains that only with the law, no great effects in the battle against this phenomenon can be achieved and that before the criminal-legal intervention some other measures have to be approached, like the creation of an atmosphere of tolerance and the education of the citizens about the phenomenon of hate crimes.


Author(s):  
Ketki Kinkar ◽  
Anuj Zore ◽  
Krishna Somani ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Prasad Bhosale ◽  
...  

In today’s rapidly changing society, people are under immense pressure. Mental illnesses have a growing incidence. In this paper, we are validating the correlation between thoughts in pre-sleep cognitive state and the succeeding day. We studied our thesis on nine individuals over a period of 3 months, and a substantial relationship between cognitive presleep and post-sleep thoughts was observed. We can conclude from our research that keeping positive presleep thoughts have a strong impact on efficiency and mindset for the succeeding day. Advances in studies on pre-sleep and post-sleep thoughts can therefore bring light on how this cognition impacts our waking life, which can further motivate the creation of innovative techniques for reducing stress and anxiety during sleep and boosting healthy sleep cognition.


Author(s):  
Antoni Biosca Bas

Resum: L’obra del poeta alacantí del segle XVI Josep Gosalbes de Cunedo ha passat a l’oblit. Alguns aspectes de la seua vida i obra mereixen atenció, com a mínim, per haver tractat temes propis de la seua terra. Alguns dels seus poemes tracten l’antiga Governació d’Oriola, al sud del regne de València, i celebren la creació del bisbat d’Oriola, motiu pel qual l’autor descriu el territori amb gust renaixentista. La seua amistat amb l’humanista Just Lipsi marca la seua biografia, on guerres i presó també estan presents.Paraules clau: poesia llatina; Renaixement; Oriola; Alacant; Just LipsiAbstract: The work of the 16th. century poet from Alicante Joseph Gosalbes of Cunedo has been forgotten. Some aspects of his life and work deserve attention, at least because he had written about topics of their own land. Some of his poems deal with the former Region of Orihuela, in the south of Valencia kingdom, and celebrate the creation of the diocese of Orihuela, so the author describes this territory in a Renaissance style. His friendship with the humanist Justus Lipsius mark his biography, where wars and prison are also present.Keywords: Latin poetry; Renaissance; Orihuela; Alicante; Justus Lipsius


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-29
Author(s):  
Mariana Armond Dias Paes ◽  

This article examines the arguments used in an 1835 court case filed before the Court of Appeals of Rio de Janeiro. This analysis highlights t hat: a) the considerable number of African slaves and the existence of a shared culture in the South Atlantic had a strong impact on freedmen’s and freedwomen’s experiences of freedom; b) masters resisted freedpersons demands for rights and tried to sust ai n dependency relations; and c) in a context of precariousness of freedom, it was paramount to be recognized by the community as a free person and access to land played a central role in this recognition


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