1645 - Impact of organic rearing on the gastrointestinal microbiota of swine

The gill and gastrointestinal tract are primary entry routes for pathogens. The symbiotic microbiota are essential to the health, nutrition and disease of fish. Though the intestinal microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has been extensively studied, information on the mucosa-associated microbiota of this species, especially the gill and gastrointestinal mucosa-associated microbiota, is lacking. This study aimed to characterize the gill and gastrointestinal mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota, as well as the intestinal metabolite profiles in the New Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (NEW GIFT) strain of farmed adult Nile tilapia by high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics. The diversity, structure, composition, and predicted function of gastrointestinal microbiota were significantly different across gastrointestinal regions and sample types (Welch t-test; p < 0.05). By comparing the mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that Pelomonas, Ralstoniapickettii, Comamonadaceae, and Staphylococcus were significantly enriched in the mucosa-associated microbiota, whereas many bacterial taxa were significantly enriched in the digesta-associated microbiota, including Chitinophagaceae, Cetobacterium, CandidatusCompetibacter, Methyloparacoccus, and chloroplast (LDA score > 3.5). Furthermore, Undibacterium, Escherichia–Shigella, Paeniclostridium, and Cetobacterium were dominant in the intestinal contents and mucosae, whereas Sphingomonasaquatilis and Roseomonasgilardii were commonly found in the gill and stomach mucosae. The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) analysis revealed that the predictive function of digesta-associated microbiota significantly differed from that of mucosa-associated microbiota (R = 0.8152, p = 0.0001). In addition, our results showed a significant interdependence between specific intestinal microbes and metabolites. Notably, the relative abundance values of several potentially beneficial microbes, including Undibacterium, Crenothrix, and Cetobacterium, were positively correlated with most intestinal metabolites, whereas the relative abundance values of some potential opportunistic pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Mycobacterium, Escherichia–Shigella, Paeniclostridium, Aeromonas, and Clostridiumsensustricto 1, were negatively correlated with most intestinal metabolites. This study revealed the characteristics of gill and gastrointestinal mucosa-associated and digesta-associated microbiota of farmed Nile tilapia and identified a close correlation between intestinal microbes and metabolites. The results serve as a basis for the effective application of targeted probiotics or prebiotics in the diet to regulate the nutrition and health of farmed tilapia.

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Probiotics and Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Significant Roles of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1070

Author(s):

Alok K. Paul ◽

Anita Paul ◽

Rownak Jahan ◽

Khoshnur Jannat ◽

Tohmina A. Bondhon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Autoimmune Disorder ◽

Cartilage Degradation ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Lactobacillus Spp

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can lead to disability conditions with swollen joints, pain, stiffness, cartilage degradation, and osteoporosis. Genetic, epigenetic, sex-specific factors, smoking, air pollution, food, oral hygiene, periodontitis, Prevotella, and imbalance in the gastrointestinal microbiota are possible sources of the initiation or progression of rheumatoid arthritis, although the detailed mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. are commonly used as alleviating agents or food supplements to manage diarrhea, dysentery, develop immunity, and maintain general health. The mechanism of action of Lactobacillus spp. against rheumatoid arthritis is still not clearly known to date. In this narrative review, we recapitulate the findings of recent studies to understand the overall pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and the roles of probiotics, particularly L. casei or L. acidophilus, in the management of rheumatoid arthritis in clinical and preclinical studies.

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Gastrointestinal microbiota imbalance is triggered by the enrichment of Vibrio in subadult Litopenaeus vannamei with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 533 ◽

pp. 736199

Author(s):

Pengsheng Dong ◽

Haipeng Guo ◽

Yanting Wang ◽

Ruoyu Wang ◽

Heping Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

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Effect of TiO2 on Selected Pathogenic and Opportunistic Intestinal Bacteria

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-021-02843-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik ◽

Dominik Szwajgier ◽

Klaudia Gustaw

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Bacterial Strain ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Food Additive ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Food Grade ◽

The Eu

AbstractFood-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2) containing a nanoparticle fraction (TiO2 NPs-nanoparticles) is widely used as a food additive (E171 in the EU). In recent years, questions concerning its effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota have been raised. In the present study, we examined interactions between bacteria and TiO2. The study involved six pathogenic/opportunistic bacterial strains and four different-sized TiO2 types: three types of food-grade E171 compounds and TiO2 NPs (21 nm). Each bacterial strain was exposed to four concentrations of TiO2 (60, 150, 300, and 600 mg/L TiO2). The differences in the growth of the analyzed strains, caused by the type and concentration of TiO2, were observed. The growth of a majority of the strains was shown to be inhibited after exposure to 300 and 600 mg/L of the food-grade E171 and TiO2 NPs.

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Culture-Independent Analysis of Indomethacin-Induced Alterations in the Rat Gastrointestinal Microbiota

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00378-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 6707-6715 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Andrew B. Dalby ◽

Daniel N. Frank ◽

Allison L. St. Amand ◽

Alison M. Bendele ◽

Norman R. Pace

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Small Subunit Rrna ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Independent Analysis ◽

Culture Independent

ABSTRACT Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for a variety of inflammatory conditions; however, the benefits of this class of drugs are accompanied by deleterious side effects, most commonly gastric irritation and ulceration. NSAID-induced ulceration is thought to be exacerbated by intestinal microbiota, but previous studies have not identified specific microbes that contribute to these adverse effects. In this study, we conducted a culture-independent analysis of ∼1,400 bacterial small-subunit rRNA genes associated with the small intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats treated with the NSAID indomethacin. This is the first molecular analysis of the microbiota of the rat small intestine. A comparison of clone libraries and species-specific quantitative PCR results from rats treated with indomethacin and untreated rats revealed that organisms closely related to Enterococcus faecalis were heavily enriched in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of the treated rats. These data suggest that treatment of NSAID-induced ulceration may be facilitated by addressing the microbiological imbalances.

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The microbiome and ophthalmic disease

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370218813616 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 244 (6) ◽

pp. 419-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Adam D Baim ◽

Asadolah Movahedan ◽

Asim V Farooq ◽

Dimitra Skondra

Keyword(s):

Ocular Surface ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Age Related ◽

Microbiome Research ◽

Ophthalmic Diseases ◽

Ophthalmic Disease

Progress in microbiome research has accelerated in recent years. Through the use of 16S rRNA assays and other genomic sequencing techniques, researchers have provided new insights about the communities of microorganisms that inhabit human and animal hosts. There is mounting evidence about the importance of these ‘microbiotas’ in a wide variety of disease states, suggesting potential targets for preventative and therapeutic interventions. Until recently, however, the microbiome received relatively little attention in ophthalmology. This review explores emerging research on the roles that ocular and extraocular microbiotas may play in the pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. These include diseases of the ocular surface as well as autoimmune uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and primary open angle glaucoma. Many questions remain about the potential impacts of microbiome research on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ophthalmic disease. In light of current findings, we suggest directions for future study as this exciting area of research continues to expand. Impact statement This review describes a growing body of research on relationships between the microbiome and eye disease. Several groups have investigated the microbiota of the ocular surface; dysregulation of this delicate ecosystem has been associated with a variety of pro-inflammatory states. Other research has explored the effects of the gastrointestinal microbiota on ophthalmic diseases. Characterizing the ways these microbiotas influence ophthalmic homeostasis and pathogenesis may lead to research on new techniques for managing ophthalmic disease.

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