scholarly journals The reality of Palestinian-European trade relations: العلاقات التجارية الفلسطينية الأوروبية الواقع والشراكة

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Fares Mohammed Abu Jameh
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
European Trade ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at unveiling the reality of Palestinian-European trade relations and at identifying the mechanisms and programs pursued by the European Union to support Palestinian territories. This research studies the impact on economic sectors, productive activities and the access to European trade support for Palestinians by identifying the behavior and the nature of relations between the two sides and the extent of its development. The study revealed the reality of the Palestinian European Economic Partnership and the most important items that express the priority given to Palestine.  The research manipulates the descriptive analysis approach, it shows the size and nature of changes in the foreign Palestinian trade with the European Union during the period from 1994 until 2014. It makes use of the latest studies, ideas, previous literature analysis, reports and statistics issued in this area to enrich the study. The study revealed some significant findings: the period in which commercial exchange rate is at best came in line with the availability of an appropriate atmosphere and political optimism. Despite the improved performance of the European support, the Israeli siege and enormous losses of the Palestinian economy might explain the noticeable deceleration in the economic growth rates of the last years.  The results unveiled also that the agreements, lines of donations, mechanisms of cooperation, the European Neighborhood agreement. are still below the required level due to the Israeli arbitrary measures, particularly with regard to restricted commercial activity. And this is not consistent with the hypothesis that the Palestinian-European partnership agreement is the only influential item in Palestinian-European economic relations.

scholarly journals British-Slovak Foreign Trade Relations: Consequences of Brexit

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Marcel Kordos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The possibility of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union has never been more realistic and up-to-date since joining the European Communities (EC) as it is today. The UK is facing a unique situation. At present, this depends solely on the capabilities of European and British government officials, who negotiate the terms of withdrawal and future cooperation between the two entities. The main goal of this paper is based on the British – Slovak trade relations development analysis to figure out their impact within the Brexit consequences on the future Slovak economy and its current status in international economic relations. The paper also provides a basic overview of Brexit process and its possible impact on the EU's further functioning. Basic data will be drawn from generally accepted institutions, evaluating the UK and Slovak trade and economic performance. To accomplish this goal, methods such as analysis and comparison to illustrate the UK-Slovak foreign trade development, synthesis and logical deduction to discuss the Brexit impact on Slovak economic environment in the future are to be used; data from scientific and professional publications, periodical and non-periodical press. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed that because of the size of economic relations between Slovakia and the United Kingdom and the number of goods and services being exported to the UK, the «hard» Brexit will be very unfavourable for Slovak foreign trade due to the possible tariffs being imposed. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that it can cause a significant weakening and slowdown in the Slovak economy. Either way, the upcoming Brexit process, that is the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union, would have a major impact not only on British, European but also on the world economy. The impact of Brexit on Slovakia's economy will not only be in reducing the possible growth of the economy, but also in employment and price increases. Keywords: EU single market, Britain's withdrawal from the EU, foreign trade policy instruments analysis, international economics, Slovak economy slowdown prediction, Slovak foreign trade commodity structure analysis.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of tariff preferences on the foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
D. E. Barsegyan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the impact of tariff preferences on foreign trade between two countries. The analysed measures were: dynamics of the Russian Federation’s exports to the Republic of Serbia, dynamics of the Russian Federation’s imports from the Republic of Serbia, tariff preferences applied between countries. The article provides statistical data on the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia for 2010–2019 and their dependence on the application of tariff preferences, as well as indicators of trade between the EAEU and the EAEU member states with the Republic of Serbia for 2017–2019. The paper analyses the possible directions of Serbia’s participation in the EAEU and the European Union, assesses the benefits of creating a free trade zone between the EAEU and Serbia, as well as the costs of Serbia’s integration into the European Union. The importance of tariff preferences in the development of foreign trade relations between Russia and Serbia is shown.

scholarly journals Impact of Brexit on the trade of Hungarian agricultural and food products

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Miklós Vásáry
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Effects ◽  
The Uk

As a result of the longer preparation process, 51.9% of voters voted in the UK on 23 June 2016 in the form of a referendum to leave the European Union. Although the negotiation process has begun, many decisive points and principles - the negotiators' agreement on the post-exit process - have not decided at the beginning of 2019. The fact that the United Kingdom officially withdraws from the European Union will significantly transform bilateral trade relations. Through the – till now – fruitful cooperation, both sides were able to take advantages and thus have achieved substantial economic benefits, economic and welfare growth. It seems that the UK has been more in need of its trade, so it is becoming increasingly important on what conditions the new cooperation will operate. But it may also be important to see how the British exit will affect Hungary. Within this framework, one specific area of trade policy, the analysis and evaluation of agri-food processes, should be carried out. Although there is a significant geographical distance between the two countries, there has been a growing and significant commercial activity due to the favorable trade effects. The purpose of this study is to structure the trade effects between the agri-food industry. In addition, there is a need to organize the affected branches and expected effects too.

scholarly journals The impact of the Sanctions and Counter Sanctions on the Russian and EU Member States Economies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Cebotari
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the consequences of the diplomatic conflict that began in 2014 between the European Union and the Russian Federation caused by the political and military crisis in Ukraine. In March 2014, the leaders of the European Union condemned the actions of Russia in Ukraine and imposed the first restrictive measures against Russian Federation. In turn, Russia took retaliatory measures materialised in an import ban on certain agricultural food products from the EU. The aim of this research is to identify and evaluate the impact of the sanctions and countersanctions on the economy of the Russian Federation and on bilateral trade between Russia and EU member states. This article will focus on the following main objectives: analyzing the evolution of trade relations between the two major powers in the period 2014-2019, determining the factors that may explain the decline in bilateral trade during the period mentioned above and the factors that may explain why some EU Member States have suffered higher losses than others. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were used. Official documents, academic articles and studies conducted by various prestigious think-tanks were analysed. Also, th

scholarly journals UNEMPLOYMENT AND SECTORAL COMPETITIVENESS IN SOUTHERN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES. FACTS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Cristina Dimian ◽  
Mirela Ionela Aceleanu ◽  
Bogdan Vasile Ileanu ◽  
Andreea Claudia Șerban
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Output Fluctuations ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
The Impact

This article addresses the problem of the main factors driving sectoral unemployment in the Mediterranean countries most affected by this phenomenon. The choice of the four countries (Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal) relies on the fact that they are dealing with the highest unemployment rates in the European Union and a certain typology of the economic structure. The originality of our research is offered by its direction, less tackled until now, namely the focus on the particularities of the economic sectors, trying to capture differences between them. The importance and the impact of the results are supported by the methods used to produce them, indicators and econometric models that are on trend and bring extra information to available studies. Descriptive statistics and mismatch indexes are used to outline the economic and labour market structure, while the econometric models built on panel data capture the impact of factors such as GVA growth, specialization and labour market mismatches on the unemployment rate at six economic sectors level. Our paper makes three contributions to the literature. First, we have demonstrated that agriculture is the sector of activity less sensitive to output fluctuations in terms of unemployment and can become a buffer for the jobless in times of recessions. Second, we have proved that industry, as a whole, is highly responsive to economic developments and bad specialization could worsen unemployment situation in this sector. Third, we showed that educational mismatches have a significant impact on unemployment in those sectors of activity that employ low educated workforce.

Distinctiveness of the Marks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilanah Fhima ◽  
Dev S. Gangjee
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Marks ◽  
Likelihood Of Confusion ◽  
European Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scope Of Protection ◽  
Practical Level

The role of distinctiveness is perhaps the least understood element of the likelihood of confusion analysis. Obscure in its origins, the idea that the more distinctive a mark is, the more likely confusion should be has been repeatedly accepted by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), but this is also strongly criticised by commentators and UK judges in particular. This chapter seeks to understand the role that distinctiveness plays in the assessment of confusion, explaining how it entered the European trade mark system and critically evaluating its role. On a practical level, this chapter seeks to understand the impact of distinctiveness through examples of levels of distinctiveness that have and have not been accepted to result in enhanced protection, and also to consider how tribunals have dealt with the overlap between distinctiveness for registrablity and likelihood of confusion purposes. However, the chapter ends with a note of warning: although it is possible to find a significant number of cases where distinctiveness is employed to enhance the scope of protection trade marks, in the vast majority of cases, this factor is either not mentioned or deemed irrelevant.

scholarly journals Ethical and procedural issues for applying researcher-driven multi-national paediatric clinical trials in and outside the European Union: the challenging experience of the DEEP project

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Giannuzzi ◽  
Mariagrazia Felisi ◽  
Donato Bonifazi ◽  
Hugo Devlieger ◽  
George Papanikolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Clinical Trial Application ◽  
Paediatric Trial ◽  
General Linear Model Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We describe our experience from a multi-national application of a European Union-funded research-driven paediatric trial (DEEP-2, EudraCT 2012-000353-31; NCT01825512). This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the local and national rules on the trial authorisation process in European and non-European countries. National/local provisions and procedures, number of Ethics Committees and Competent Authorities to be addressed, documentation required, special provisions for the paediatric population, timelines for completing the authorisation process and queries received were collected; compliance with the European provisions were evaluated. Descriptive analysis, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test and General Linear Model analysis were used to determine factors potentially influencing the timelines. The Cluster Analysis procedure was used to identify homogenous groups of cases. Result The authorisation process was completed in 7.7 to 53.8 months in European countries and in 17.1 to 27.1 months in non-European countries. The main factors influencing these timelines were the requests for changes/clarifications in European countries and the different national legislations in non-European countries. Conclusion This work confirms that the procedures and requirements for the clinical trial application of a paediatric trial are different. In the European Union, the timeframes for submission were generally harmonised but longer. In non-European countries, delays were caused by national dispositions but the entire authorisation process resulted faster with less requests from ECs/CAs. The upcoming application of Regulation (EU) 536/2014 is expected to harmonise practices in Europe and possibly outside. Networks on paediatric research acting at international level will be crucial in this effort.

scholarly journals The European Integration Challenges of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
O. V. Kuklin ◽  
◽  
R. F. Pustoviit ◽  
M. Y. Kryvoruchko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
European Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article is concerned with an analysis of Ukraine’s European integration challenges, which are considered from the position of the effectiveness of foreign trade, as well as in light of the institutional challenges of the European integration course. According to the results of research, both the dynamics and the structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade relations with the EU Member States, the CIS and Asia countries are analyzed. It is defined that the focus on the European Union market prevented domestic exporters from reaching the pre-crisis levels of 2013. The resource nature of the national exports to the EU is underlined. The high level of interdependence in the sphere of foreign trade relations with former partners of Ukraine in the CIS – the Russian Federation and Belarus, especially in the field of imports of fuel and energy resources, and export of nuclear reactors, boilers, machines, railway locomotives, products of inorganic chemistry, is emphasized. It is determined that Ukraine’s implementation of the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement is at a low level of 43%. The authors characterize the main tendencies in Europe as to the quality of life of the population on the basis of two indicators - the proportion of households that barely make ends meet (Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Cyprus, Portugal, Romania), and have unsatisfactory living conditions (Cyprus, Latvia, Hungary, Portugal, Slovenia) - the values of which are much higher compared to the average level in the EU. The general conclusion on the ambiguity of the issue of the effectiveness of the national economy’s orientedness toward the market of the European Union has been drawn. The need to take into account the multi-vector nature of the modern globalized world in the process of researching the impact of European integration on the economic development of Ukraine is reasoned.

scholarly journals The Impact of European Economic Integration on Migration in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Simionescu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The recent enlargement of the EU (since 2004) and the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union have prompted a growing research interest in the political and academic environment because of the causes and consequences of migration between the CEE countries and those in the Western Europe. In this study, the effects of European economic integration on the number of EU-15 immigrants from the newly integrated EU countries were assessed by econometric techniques. According to panel data models, in the period 2000-2015, the number of migrants from the new member states of the EU has increased, in average, with more than 2200 people only due to their EU membership. This result reflects the positive impact of European economic integration on the number of emigrants from the CEE countries that chose the EU-15 states as destination countries. Moreover, according to some ridge Bayesian regressions, during the period 2004-2015, the EU-15 immigrants coming from the EU-13 states did not negatively affect the economic growth of the EU-15 countries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sanctions Imposed by the European Union against Iran on their Bilateral Trade: General versus Targeted Sanctions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ghodsi ◽  
Huseyin Karamelikli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Union (EU) has been using economic sanctions both as a foreign policy tool and as a liberal alternative to military action. Since 2006, it has been implementing general sanctions against the whole economy of Iran, affecting their trade relations, and since 2007, following the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council, it has also been using smart sanctions targeting Iranian entities and natural persons associated with the country's military activities. In a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, this paper investigates the impact of general and targeted EU sanctions against Iran on quarterly bilateral trade values between the 19 members of the euro area (EA19) and Iran between the first quarter of 1999 and the fourth quarter of 2018. In a robustness NARDL specification, trade between Iran and the 28 members of the EU is analysed. In addition, a gravity model of bilateral trade between Iran and the EU member states is run in a robustness check. The results indicate that the EU's general sanctions have strongly hampered trade flows between the two trading partners in almost all sectors, except for the primary sectors. Furthermore, our study finds that the impact of smart sanctions targeting Iranian entities and natural persons is much smaller than the impact of general sanctions on total trade values and the trade values of many sectors. Smart sanctions affect the exports of most sectors from the EA19 and the EU28 to Iran, while they are statistically insignificant for the imports of many sectors from Iran. Thus, this paper provides evidence of the motivations behind smart sanctions, which target specific individuals and entities rather than the whole economy, unlike general sanctions, which have a negative impact on ordinary people.

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