scholarly journals Investment legislation and its impact on attracting foreign investments to Sudan During the period 1956-2013: التشريعات الاستثمارية وأثرها في جذب الاستثمارات الأجنبية للسودان خلال الفترة 1956-2013م

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdel Aziz Hassan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Investment Rates ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the investment legislation issued in Sudan during the last period and the impact of attracting foreign investments. The legal framework for investment is one of the most important elements and elements of the attractive investment climate which helps in regulating the relationship between all parties to the investment process. The investment that was issued in Sudan and its effectiveness in attracting foreign investment and guarantees and facilities provided in them and their impact on increasing investment rates. The study dealt with the development of investment legislation in Sudan with its sectoral stages, which focused on issuing a law for investment in a specific sector, and the comprehensive phase of issuing a unified investment law covering all economic sectors, with study of the most important features and facilities provided in the Sudan. The study found that there was instability in the investment laws in the Sudan during the previous period and the convergence of periods of issuance and not keeping pace with local and global economic developments, which had a negative impact in the lack of flow Foreign investments in Sudan over the past years, which reflected negatively on increasing economic development in Sudan rates.

Problems of Implementation of an Import Substitution Policy in the Oil Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Vertakova ◽  
A. S. Evtyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact

The presented study addresses the issues of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry. Support of domestic production is a key objective specified in the message of the President of the Russian Federation in 2019. In light of the current economic situation and considering the importance of the oil industry for the Russian economy, an import substitution policy could help achieve the objective set by the President.Aim. The study aims to identify the problems and ways of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry.Tasks. The authors analyze scientific publications on import substitution and the state of the Russian oil industry at the current stage of development; determine the directions and fundamental trends in the development of the oil industry; identify obstacles that hinder the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry; describe conditions that facilitate the development of the  investment process in the oil industry; propose comprehensive methods and ways to intensify investments and optimize costs for enterprises in the oil industry.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, comparative and statistical analysis to identify problems in the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry.Results. Examination of the current state and development prospects of the oil industry allows the authors to identify obstacles to the development of import substitution. The study shows their impact on the potential of import substitution, which has a negative effect on the prospects of intensification of investment processes, and proposes comprehensive methods and mechanisms that could neutralize the impact of the identified obstacles, thus facilitating the formation of a positive investment climate. Conclusions. Investment climate is shown to have a decisive impact on the potential of import substitution in the Russian oil industry, and ways of overcoming negative trends in the development of the oil industry are proposed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Quality of Life among Romanian Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4065
Author(s):  
Germina-Alina Cosma ◽  
Alina Chiracu ◽  
Amalia Raluca Stepan ◽  
Marian Alexandru Cosma ◽  
Marian Costin Nanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Personality Item ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to analyze athletes’ quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 249 athletes between 15 and 35 of age, M = 21.22, SD = 5.12. The sample was composed of eight Olympic Games medalists, three European medalists, 67 international medalists, and 63 national medalists. The instruments used were: (1) COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, (2) Athlete Quality of Life Scale, (3) Impact of Pandemic on Athletes Questionnaire, and (4) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP Anxiety, Depression, and Vulnerability Scales). The results indicate significant differences in COVID-19 anxiety depending on the sport practiced, F (9239) = 3.81, p < 0.01, showing that there were significant differences between sports. The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mediates the relationship between trait anxiety and the athletes’ quality of life. The percentage of mediation was 33.9%, and the indirect effect was −0.11, CI 95% (−0.18, −0.03), Z = −2.82, p < 0.01. Trait anxiety has an increasing effect on the intensity of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 0.23, CI 95% (.10, 0.35), Z = 3.56, p < 0.01, and the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has a decreasing effect on quality of life, −0.47, CI 95% (−0.67, −0.27), Z = −4.62, p < 0.01. Gender and age did not moderate the relationship between the negative impact of COVID-19 and athletes’ quality of life. The results of the study highlighted the impact that social isolation and quarantine have on athletes’ affective well-being.

Financial and social efficiency analysis of Islamic microfinance institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Fersi ◽  
Mouna Bougelbène
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Islamic Microfinance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of credit risk-taking on financial and social efficiency and examine the relationship between credit risk, capital structure and efficiency in the context of Islamic microfinance institutions (MFIs) compared to their conventional counterparts.Design/methodology/approachThe stochastic frontier approach was used to estimate the financial and social efficiency scores, in a first step. In a second step, the impact of risk-taking on efficiency was evaluated. The authors also took into account the moderating role of capital structure in this effect using the fixed and random effects generalized least squares (GLS) with a first-order autoregressive disturbance. The used dataset covers 326 conventional MFIs and 57 Islamic MFIs in six different regions of the world over the period of 2005–2015.FindingsThe overall average efficiency scores are less than 50%, where CMFIs could have produced their outputs using 48% of their actual inputs. IMFIs record the lowest financial (cost) efficiency that is equal to 28% on average. The estimation results also reveal a negative impact of nonperforming loan on financial and social efficiency. Finally, the moderating effect of leverage funding on the relationship between credit risk-taking and financial efficiency was confirmed in CMFIs. However, leverage seems to moderate the effect of risk-taking behavior on social efficiency for IMFIs.Originality/valueThis paper makes an initial attempt to evaluate the effect of risk-taking decision and its implication on efficiency and MFIs' sustainability. Besides, it takes into consideration the role played by the mode of governance through the ownership structure. In addition, this research study sheds light on the importance of the financial support for the development and sustainability of these institutions, which in return, contributes to a sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

scholarly journals German–Russian gas relations in face of the energy transition

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-423
Author(s):  
Kirsten Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Russia is the world’s largest gas exporter and Germany is its most important market. Moreover, natural gas is a centerpiece of the Russian economy and the backbone of its energy supply to the Russian population. In terms of its external gas relations, Germany has always kept a special and strategic position, both in terms of volumes, but also in substance. This contribution explores the impact of the energy transition on the bilateral gas relationship. It argues that the bilateral gas relationship has been subjected to various paradigm shifts in the past, but, until recently, the relationship has been seen as in line with the strategic energy triangle of climate change/sustainability, supply security and economic competitiveness. This perception has come into question over two issues: climate change and supply security. Moreover, Germany’s authority over the conduct and the legal framework of bilateral gas relations has been increasingly contested, by Brussels, but also horizontally by other EU member states. At this stage, it is very uncertain whether both sides will manage to maintain and redefine their close energy partnership to address climate change. Decarbonizing the gas value chain would be a centerpiece. This would require a political shift away from securitization to decarbonization, not only in Germany, but even more so in the EU, and in particular, in Russia.

Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, National and Transnational Security, Ch.8 Corruption and Global Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Cecily
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter studies the relationship between corruption and global security. It begins by discussing the term ‘corruption’, which lacks a legal definition and can mean different things to lawyers and to social scientists. The chapter describes the various ways in which corruption and insecurity can relate to each other. Corruption is both a cause of global insecurity and a consequence of it. In other words, corruption may lead to insecurity, and conversely, insecurity, as in post-conflict societies, may lead to corruption and to greater tolerance of it. In addition, corruption can also be a cause of security or stability, rather than insecurity. Finally, anti-corruption measures and campaigns may themselves inadvertently cause insecurity. The chapter then details the international legal framework concerning corruption. It explores the extent to which anti-corruption treaty laws can serve as tools or guides for States and also non-State actors seeking to combat corruption and promote global security. The chapter also considers one of the challenges facing researchers who study the causes and consequences of corruption, namely the difficulties involved in measuring corruption and the impact of anti-corruption laws.

scholarly journals INTERACTIONS OF OPTIMISM WITH SOCIAL RELATIONS FOR WOMEN'S WELL-BEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S212-S212
Author(s):  
Aurora M Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Social Strain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variance Explained

Abstract The impact of personality on the relationship between social relations and well-being has been understudied. We assessed optimism, social support, and social strain in association with self-esteem, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction for a sample of 247 women (Mean age = 57.56, range 45-89 years) from three race groups (42% Native American, 34% African American, 24% European American). PROCESS models revealed significant interactions between optimism and support suggesting that high support buffers the risk of low optimism for all three dependent variables, and two interactions of optimism with social strain, showing that low optimism exacerbated the negative impact of high strain for CES-D and self-esteem scores. The full models accounted for 30-50% of the variance explained in each outcome. We discuss important resources for resilience shown by the women in the sample.

The Relationship between Allegations of Economic Crimes in Foreign Investments and the Adjudicative Power of Investor–State Tribunals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Despina Christofi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Crimes ◽  
Power And Authority

Abstract The article falls within the broad areas of investment and financial law and, in particular, it focuses on various challenges that emerge from allegations of economic crime in investor–State arbitration. In particular, what is examined is how the adjudicative power and authority of investor–State tribunals is affected by alleged investors’ economic crimes. The two examples of economic crimes discussed are money laundering and corruption, due to their growing prominence in the field of investment arbitration. The existing legal framework regarding corruption and money laundering at international and multinational levels is analysed first, as arbitrators should base their decisions on it when they face an allegation of the two aforementioned economic crimes. Afterwards, the article identifies and evaluates three possible options for arbitrators: first, to deny jurisdiction over the particular dispute; second, to refer to relevant principles of international public policy; and, third, to apply the mandatory provisions of a law other than the one applicable in the particular dispute. After critically analysing each of the three options, the article concludes with some suggestions on how arbitrators should deal with alleged cases of economic crime, and, further, how bilateral and multilateral investment treaties could be adjusted so as to tackle this evolving problem.

scholarly journals Venous and Lung Thromboembolism in the Context of Lung Cancer: Clinical Manifestations, Risk Factors and Prognosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Maia ◽  
Inês Neves ◽  
António Morais ◽  
Henrique Queiroga
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The relationship between cancer and thromboembolic events has been known for a long time. Lung and venous thromboembolism are frequent complications of lung cancer and its treatment, being a great cause of morbidity and mortality. We pretend to establish the relationship between lung and venous thromboembolism and lung cancer, describe patient characteristics and analyze the impact in the survival and prognosis.Material and Methods: It was a retrospective study. All research subjects were selected from lung cancer patients with a newly diagnosed lung and venous thromboembolism event admitted to Hospital S. João, between January 2008 and December 2013 and were followed until December 2014. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS.Results: From the search, we obtained 113 patients. The majority was male, smokers or ex-smokers, and adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histologic type, being diagnosed mostly in advanced stages. We noticed that the median time between lung cancer diagnosis and lung venous thromboembolism was 2.9 months. In 24 patients (21.4%), the lung cancer diagnosis occurred after the lung and venous thromboembolism event and in 86 patients (76.8%), it occurred before the event. After a median follow up of 1.4 months, 107 (94.7%) patients died, 1 (0.9%) was lost to follow-up and 5 (4.4%) were still alive. The median survival rate was 1.5 months.Discussion: The diagnosis of lung and venous thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer is associated with bad prognosis. It occurs most frequently in patients with advanced disease, in the first months after lung cancer diagnosis and after beginning chemotherapy.Conclusion: Disease progression is an independent predictor with negative impact in overall survival.

scholarly journals Peat Swamp Forest Degradation: Impacts, Affected Communities and Losses

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Nur Arifatul Ulya ◽  
Efendi Agus Waluyo ◽  
Sri Lestari ◽  
Bambang Tejo Premonoi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Degradation of peat swamp forest have locally, regionally and regionally impact. This paper presents the impact of peat swamp forest degradation with a focus on the study of communities around peat swamp forest. In-depth interviews were used as a method to identify communities affected by peat swamp forest degradation. Cost of illness, the change of productivity is used as an approach to predict community losses as a result of peat swamp forest degradation. The results of the study show that peat swamp forest degradation has an impact on forest, provincial and regional communities. Peat swamp forest degradation causes a decrease in environmental quality, productivity and various health impacts on communities around the forest. Various economic sectors such as transportation, transportation, trade, tourism, health and education have a negative impact from forest and land fires as a result of peat swamp forest degradation.

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