scholarly journals Coins of Andraba city -Study in the history of the political city-: مسكوكات مدينة أَنْدَرابَة -دراسة في تاريخ المدينة السياسي-

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Abbasid Caliphate ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Silver Metal

  In the Islamic era through the inscription of  he economic and political history of the city Andiraba  of the  Code of money multiplied by the city's historical information codified for the first time did not record it contemporary historical sources, the study showed that the city rotation on its local families governor the authority of the 'Abbasid caliphate under the supervision of the samanid principality that ruled the territory  is an important financial center in Andiraba what is behind the river period (261-389e/874-998m),the city  of  Islamic era, where it mines silver metal silver center Lasik dirhams in the territory of the Islamic East without the money to the princes of the city and the dates of their judgment as well as the names of the rulers of the Islamic Emirates that ruled the Islamic East in the Middle Ages     

A Historic Place According to Historiography and Cartographic Sources Data (Example of the Medieval Muslim Cemetery “Bish-Balta”, the City of Kazan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 938 (8) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
K.M. Abdullin ◽  
A.G. Sitdikov ◽  
G.M. Sayfutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

The information on the medieval settlement of Bish-Balt during the Khanate of Kazan, the transformation of its territory after its entry into the Moscow State and the place of the settlement in the history of shipbuilding of the Russian Empire is presented. The problems of historiography of this settlement in the Middle Ages and later period are considered. An overview of historical sources with recorded information about the settlement of Bish-Balta during the Kazan Khanate period is given. It is characterized by development of the nearby area during the foundation and operation of the Admiralty Sloboda in the city of Kazan. For the first time unknown cartographic materials are introduced into scientific circulation, the historical cartographic material on the history of the cultural heritage site “Muslim cemetery of the settlement of Bish-Balt” (XVI–XX centuries) is analyzed. The stages of localization of the cemetery on the maps and plans of the city from the first half of the XVIII to the first half of the XX century are traced.

The Political History of Megiddo in the Early Iron Age and the Ambiguities of Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Iron Age I ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Developments

Abstract This article reviews the major problems in the political history of Megiddo during the early Iron Age (Iron Age I–IIA), at the time of the early monarchic period in Israel (eleventh–ninth centuries BCE). Megiddo has been central to an ongoing debate over the nature of the early monarchic period in Israel and the exact chronology of the Iron Age I–IIA periods. This importance derives both from the extensive excavations of the relevant strata at Megiddo (VIA, VB and VA-IVB) as well as Megiddo’s appearance in relevant historical sources, namely the Hebrew Bible, which claims that Solomon “built” Megiddo, and its appearance in the campaign list of pharaoh Sheshonq I. Though the fragment of a stela of Sheshonq I was found at Megiddo, it was only found after having been discarded and so its stratigraphic attribution is unclear. Radiocarbon dating from these strata has assisted to some degree but still left dating and historical questions quite open. This article will demonstrate that the political history of Megiddo during the early Iron Age is beset with ambiguities in the evidence, which have been divided into seven ambiguities for the purpose of the discussion here. When these ambiguities are taken into account, it becomes clear that the interpreter has much latitude in making their reconstruction, specifically in how they date strata and associate them with putative historical developments. Different cases can be made for associating particular strata and their termination with Solomon, Sheshonq or even later kings, but none can claim to objectively be the correct or superior reconstruction.

III. Loans to the Lancastrian Kings: the Problem of Inducement

1947 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Hundred Years War ◽  
History Of

The problem that I am going to discuss this afternoon is one which must surely have exercised the minds of all those who have given a moment's thought to the financing of the Hundred Years' War. What conclusions have been reached it would be hard to say. For apart from two or three illuminating though hardly conclusive pages by Mr A. B. Steel, to whom my indebtedness should soon be obvious, nothing seems to have been printed on this subject in recent times. Yet unless we have some idea why men lent large sums of ready money to the English kings of the later Middle Ages, we must approach the political history of the period at a considerable disadvantage. To an increasing extent as the fourteenth century advanced and preponderantly throughout the course of its successor these lenders were natives and drawn from all sections of the propertied classes. The king's treatment of his creditors was therefore bound to affect his relations with his most powerful subjects. It would be surprising if his success or failure in meeting his obligations did not markedly influence their attitude towards his rule.

scholarly journals THE SACRED PLACES OF THE KAZAKH HISTORY:MARTOBE AND KULTOBE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Kozha ◽  
◽  
K.M. Zhetibaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Documentary Data ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

The article discusses the sacred places of the Kazakh history of the late Middle Ages: Martobe and Kultobe - historical places where the steppe elite once a year (usually in the fall) gathered for a general meeting and resolved issues - the conclusion of peace, the declaration of war, the redistribution of pastures, and the determination of nomadic routes. The article has collected and analyzed all known data from historical sources reporting on these places.Based on documentary data and a historiographic survey, the localization of the Martobe and Kultobe hills is presented. Archeology data and messages from representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia of the 19th and early 19th centuries. XX century together with information from Russian scholars and the results of research by modern historians, they can more reasonably localize the location of Kultobe near the late medieval city of Turkestan and Martobe near the city of Sairam, and make an assumption about the chronological framework for holding general Kazakh meetings in these places.

EXPLORATION OF THE EASTERN GATE AND FORTRESS WALLS OF THE MEDIEVAL CITY OF SYGANAK

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
K ZHETIBAYEV ◽  
B SYZDYKOV ◽  
M BAKHTYBAYEV ◽  
M GURSOY
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Syr Darya

The article, based on medieval historical sources and research conducted on the medieval city of Sygnak, provides a brief overview of the role and significance of the city in the history of the Kazakh nation.One of the major centers on the Great Silk Road, the most important city on the Syr Darya, Sygnak has long been a well-developed culture, economy, crafts and trade, agriculture and cattle breeding.In the XI–XIII centuries it was known as one of the centers of the Kypchak Khanate, in the XIV–XV centuries it was the capital of Ak Orda, and in the XV–XVI centuries it was the capital of the Kazakh Khanate, becoming the political and economic center of the khanate. The defensive system of the medieval city of Sygnak, including the fortified walls with gates, has not been sufficiently studied, therefore, within the framework of this topic, we decided to conduct research work, identify the specifics of the city's defensive system and introduce it into scientific circulation.The article examines the results of archaeological research carried out at the medieval settlement of Syganak, analyzes the architectural features of the eastern gates and fortress walls of the city, manufacturing technology and building materials. In addition, a comparative analysis of the Signak gate with the gates of medieval cities in the region was carried out and additional scientific conclusions were drawn. Based on field data obtained during the excavations, the chronology of the eastern gate and fortress walls was determined.

The Importance of Gerard of Csanád as the First Author in Hungary

Traditio ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 376-386
Author(s):  
Zoltan J. Kosztolnyik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Venerable Bede ◽  
The Middle Ages

Early Hungarian history is so poor in sources of contemporary origin that any work written and any writer living in the early Árpádian age is bound to provide information on the period — the beginnings of the Hungarian Christian kingdom of the Middle Ages. The Venetian-born Benedictine monk, Gerard, who from 1030 to his death in 1046 occupied as its first bishop the see of Csanád, is one of these writers. Gerard is not an historian in the true sense of the term. He is no Gregory of Tours, no Venerable Bede. He was a learned, western-educated ecclesiastic who in his theological writings left many a side remark on his age and on the political and social background of his religious activities in Hungary from the mid-1020s through the mid-1040s. His major theological treatise on the Song of Daniel, hisAdmonitionesto the heir of King Stephen on the Hungarian throne, and his participation in compiling the legal statutes enacted by Stephen and his council make him, beside the king, the most important historical personage of Hungarian history of the time. His works together with thevita minorand the biography of King Stephen by Bishop Hartvic form a valuable source of historical information. His own life is covered by a short though trustworthyvitacomposed in the early 1080s.

Experts and Encounters

PMLA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-994
Author(s):  
Robert Chodat
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Political History ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Twilight Zone ◽  
Urban Decay ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Market Economics

In a 2018 piece for the chronicle of higher education, Michael Clune describes a “rude awakening” he once experienced when developing a new course as a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University. As was customary then at Johns Hopkins, he was required to submit a course proposal that underwent a review by a board of professors from different fields. Clune arrived at the interview ready to discuss a syllabus that, as he recalls, “purported to explain urban decay, novels, the nature of free-market economics, and the political history of the 1970s in one brilliant synthesis.” But the board was underwhelmed. As Clune cited the “illustrious figures” and “hallowed formulas” he had learned to incant in literary studies, the political scientists and historians sitting in front of him—people who spend their lives researching stuff like urban decay, free-market economics, and recent political history—responded with “withering skepticism” and did something he hadn't anticipated: they “actually asked difficult questions about the reasoning behind the stars' dicta,” unimpressed by “the heroes of literature-department economic, political, and historical thought.” Clune doesn't say whether he got to teach the course, but the episode was the first time he began to see literary studies as “a kind of twilight zone,” an “exploded discipline” with fading intellectual prestige.

Pisa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Wickham
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Civic Pride ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City ◽  
Real City

This chapter examines the development of the city commune in Pisa. Pisa had one of the earliest established communes in all of Italy, with the years around 1110 as the most likely period for its crystallization. Commerce was important in the city by the twelfth century. The chapter first considers the Pisans' civic pride before discussing the political history of the city in the period between around 1060 and 1130, showing that Pisa was run by a collective assembly known as a colloquium. It then discusses the first appearance of Pisa's consuls as real city representatives in 1109, along with the growing centrality of the communal polity. It also describes Pisa's military experiences, the stability of its ruling elite, and some families that played important roles in the affairs of the commune.

The displacements of the `shadow line'

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Sinapi
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The term `clandestine' has grown prevalent over the two last decades as a way of describing illegal immigration, which looks more and more like an irrepressible process in the context of an anomic mondialization. The word carries the idea both of a disseminated and Janus-headed presence. In French, it is linked to the political history of European societies during the 19th and 20th centuries. This article attempts to analyze the semantic shifts that have occurred with respect to this period of history. It revisits the first time the word was used in France in its present-day sense: this was in 1938, in the decrees issued by the Daladier government.

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