scholarly journals Evolving Diplomacy of Regional Organizations - Some Experiences in Balkans

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Fejzi LILA
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Common ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy

The regional organizations are becoming more and more the necessity of modern times. On vertically approaches the regional diplomacy and organizations are between international and national level of governmental institutions worldwide. Being in between global national levels the regional organizations are very interesting players to bring both above mentioned actors closer to each- other and to harmonize some time their contradictory approaches and interests. On horizontal approaches the regional organizations are located and operate in the common valuable areas with more or less the same or similar situations, in the common political landscape, in the same geography, geo-strategy, culture and markets. Therefore, they share the achievements and challenges together. That is why the increasing role of multilateral diplomacy through evolving regional organizations is very important facilitating mechanism to shift from old fashion bilateral oriented diplomacy toward globalization trends.

scholarly journals Contribution of Cyanotoxins to the Ecotoxicological Role of Lichens

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Dobri Ivanov ◽  
Galina Yaneva ◽  
Irina Potoroko ◽  
Diana G. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The fascinating world of lichens draws the attention of the researchers because of the numerous properties of lichens used traditionally and, in modern times, as a raw material for medicines and in the perfumery industry, for food and spices, for fodder, as dyes, and for other various purposes all over the world. However, lichens being widespread symbiotic entities between fungi and photosynthetic partners may acquire toxic features due to either the fungi, algae, or cyano-procaryotes producing toxins. By this way, several common lichens acquire toxic features. In this survey, recent data about the ecology, phytogenetics, and biology of some lichens with respect to the associated toxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in different habitats around the world are discussed. Special attention is paid to the common toxins, called microcystin and nodularin, produced mainly by the Nostoc species. The effective application of a series of modern research methods to approach the issue of lichen toxicity as contributed by the cyanophotobiont partner is emphasized.

The Southeast Was Red: Left-State Alliances and Popular Mobilizations in Yucatán, 1930–1940

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Fallaw
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Political System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
Local Levels

Between 1935 and 1940, President Lázaro Cárdenas of Mexico mobilized a populist coalition in support of land reform, workers’ rights, and a more inclusive political system. For years, scholars either ignored the crucial role of the Mexican Communist Party (Partido Comunista Mexicano [PCM]) inCardenismo, or considered it a tool used and then discarded by the emerging national state (Shulgovski 1968; Anguiano 1975; Ianni 1977). Recently, Barry Carr’s monumental study (1992) of the ambiguous relationship between the PCM and the Mexican state argued convincingly that Cárdenas relied on the party to mobilize popular forces, while never incorporating either the PCM or Communist ideology into his project. Much less is known of Mexican Communism below the national level. Its social base, and its importance on the regional and local levels, remains largely unexplored outside of a few areas (Friedrich 1986: 128; Craig 1990; Carr 1987). Although the southeastern state of Yucatán boasted one of the PCM’s largest and most active regional organizations in the 1930s, and although Yucatán served as a crucial testing ground for Cárdenas’s reforms, the Yucatecan Left and its popular base has yet to be thoroughly examined.

scholarly journals Opportunities for strengthening CTSA evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanha Patel ◽  
Julie Rainwater ◽  
William M. Trochim ◽  
Julie T. Elworth ◽  
Linda Scholl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Collaborative Evaluation ◽  
Funding Opportunity ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractThe purpose of the article is to describe the progress of the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program to address the evaluation-related recommendations made by the 2013 Institute of Medicine’s review of the CTSA Program and guidelines published in CTS Journal the same year (Trochim et al., Clinical and Translational Science 2013; 6(4): 303–309). We utilize data from a 2018 national survey of evaluators administered to all 64 CTSA hubs and a content analysis of the role of evaluation in the CTSA Program Funding Opportunity Announcements to document progress. We present four new opportunities for further strengthening CTSA evaluation efforts: (1) continue to build the collaborative evaluation infrastructure at local and national levels; (2) make better use of existing data; (3) strengthen and augment the common metrics initiative; and (4) pursue internal and external opportunities to evaluate the CTSA program at the national level. This article will be of significant interest to the funders of the CTSA Program and the multiple stakeholders in the larger consortium and will promote dialog from the broad range of CTSA stakeholders about further strengthening the CTSA Program’s evaluation.

Mutual Recognition, Pre-emption and De-centralisation in the Common Agricultural Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-157
Author(s):  
Annalisa Volpato
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
National Level ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Food Law ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regulatory Powers ◽  
The Eu

The CAP is a fundamental policy area which has experienced profound changes since its establishment in the early years of EU integration – changes in nature, organization and power balance between the EU and national level. Within this policy area, the principle of mutual recognition is traditionally considered inapplicable. However, the increasing decentralisation of the CAP and subsequent regaining of regulatory powers by the Member States may pave the way for a more significant application of this principle. Mutual recognition also finds application in some sectoral legislation in the field. Thus, the objective of this contribution is to reflect on the role of the principle of mutual recognition in light of this evolution and, in doing so, highlighting the correlations between this principle, pre-emption and decentralisation in EU agri-food law.

scholarly journals The Heian Court Poetry as World Literature

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Gerlini
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Court Poetry ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Heian Court

What could be the common points between the Literature produced at the imperial court of 9th-10th century in Japan with the one composed in Italy under the rule of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen? Why the Kokinwakashū in Japan and the Sicilian School of Poetry in Italy have been acknowledged as canons for later literary traditions? How did the political power influence the production of court poetry and the role of poets in the court environment? Why two particular poetic forms like the sonnet in Europe and the waka in Japan succeeded to survive until modern times?

scholarly journals The Role of the Prosecutor's Office in Crime Counteraction Under the Legislation of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
Andrii Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Public Prosecution ◽  
Coordination Center ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

The effectiveness of crime counteraction in modern conditions greatly depends on the functioning of the corresponding institutional mechanism, where the prosecutors office has an important part. Using the analysis of international documents and the experience of a number of countries, the author shows that the common international standard for the function of the prosecutors office in the criminal law sphere is to give it a priority role in suppressing crime, and to define this role in a more or less broad way at the national level. The author researches the Ukrainian model of the functions performed by the prosecutors office where this body is mainly involved in criminal proceedings, which makes it possible to identify crime counteraction as the key task of the prosecutors office. The author also examines the progress and the result of the prosecutors office reforms in Ukraine in view of the changes in the functions of this body in the sphere of crime counteraction. The functions of the prosecutors office are analyzed from the standpoint of their importance for suppressing crime based on the research of legislation, analytical and statistical data. The author shows that the key tasks (directions) of crime counteraction (identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions for committing crimes; identifying, suppressing and investigating crimes; prosecution of perpetrators; compensation of damage inflicted by crimes) fully correlate with the functions of the Ukrainian prosecutors office. The function of procedural supervision of the pre-trial investigation allows the prosecutors office to influence the identification, suppression and investigation of crimes; the function of the support of public prosecution in court makes it possible to criminally prosecute persons guilty of crimes; the function of representation allows the prosecutors office to compensate the state for the damage inflicted by crimes. Special attention is paid to the prosecutors coordination of the work of law enforcement bodies on counteracting corruption. Although it has lost its status as a separate function of the prosecutors office under Ukrainian legislation, it still has key importance for the work of different law enforcement bodies aimed at suppressing crimes in their different forms. The author conducts a comparative legal study of the regulation of coordination activities of the prosecutors office in Ukraine and in other countries, as well as the prospects of establishing the European Prosecutors Office; based on this study, the author concludes that the definition of the prosecutors office as the coordination center of the system of criminal justice aimed at counteracting corruption is a widely recognized global trend. The author also presents suggestions on improving the effectiveness of the coordination activities of the prosecutors office and of its other functions aimed at counteracting crimes.

Island conservation issues in international conventions and agreements

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR LYON DAHL
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Small Island ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Island Conservation ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
International Conventions

SUMMARYIn this review, I look at governance beyond the national level and consider how well island conservation issues are addressed in international conventions and agreements, both global and regional. I focus primarily on small island developing states (SIDS) and look at conventions to which they are parties, in which their needs are specifically mentioned and which have actions directly targeted to SIDS. I also discuss the evolution of international soft law in agreements and action plans to respond to island issues, the role of the secretariats that have been set up by international conventions to support SIDS conservation action and the protection and recognition provided to island protected areas listed under international conventions. The review shows that international governance has increasingly responded to island needs for biodiversity conservation, often with the active participation of SIDS themselves. However, the multiplication of international agreements and their requirements has often surpassed the capacity of island countries to implement them, requiring further adaptations in order to address this problem. The regional organizations of SIDS help to provide an interface with global conventions and international organizations. There remain a number of gaps and challenges that still need to be addressed in order to halt the erosion and hopefully encourage the restoration of island biodiversity.

scholarly journals The Medieval Tradition in the Prose of V. P. Astafiev: Genre and Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 342-366
Author(s):  
Alla Yu. Bolshakova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Medieval Literature ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Middle Ages

<p>The article contributes to the study of implementation of the genre traditions of the Russian Medieval literature in the prose of the second half of the twentieth century, specifies categorical coordinates and challenges research approaches, artificially separating a single movement of Russian literature from the time of Ilarion and Avvakum to the present day. On the example of V.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;Astafiev&rsquo;s book &ldquo;Zatesi&rdquo; which united the writer's small prose on the principle of cyclization of works based on the common stylistic and thematic features, the author comes to the conclusion about the artistic relevance of this technique, which originates in the medieval collections, in the aspiration of their compilers to work &ldquo;outside of genre traditions&rdquo; (D.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Likhachev). But if in the Middle Ages this aspiration is more due to the subject-thematic tasks, in the New and Modern times the super-genre unity of the collection, of the book is a&nbsp;result of strengthening the compositional role of the author in their structural organization and the individualization of his image.</p>

The Role of Regional Organizations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carment ◽  
Sean Winchester ◽  
Joe Landry
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Creation

The failure of regional organizations and states to fully embrace the responsibility to protect (R2P) agenda has led to the creation of a ‘responsibility gap’ that is being filled by local actors and non-governmental organizations. This chapter examines the influence that this lack of engagement at the regional and national level has had on our ability to prevent the outbreak of conflict, mass atrocities, and crimes against humanity. In doing so, it provides an updated evaluation of the role of regional organizations in implementing R2P principles. It concludes by noting that evidence of a strengthened R2P agenda is difficult to find.

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