scholarly journals Commodities Versus Stocks: Analysis of Their Performance from 2009 Through 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Monika Krawiec
Keyword(s):  
Composite Index ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Stock Indexes ◽  
Unanticipated Inflation

Although over the last several years one could have witnessed unprecedented interest in commodity investments, the view of commodities from an investor’s perspective is of more recent date (with the exception of precious metals). There are several reasons for investing in commodities. First of all, they let investors gain equity-like or higher returns. Then, they can help to mitigate risk and improve portfolio diversification. They can also provide a possible hedge against unanticipated inflation. The growing popularity of commodity investing has been followed by a great number of new investment vehicles that make commodity investments available to a wider audience. Thus, investors based on their risk-return criteria and individual requirements may select from a broad range of commodity-linked financial instruments. One of possibilities is investing through a commodity index. This approach is especially attractive to investors that are familiar with investing in stock indexes. In theory, commodity indexes share a similar goal: to create a broad indicator of commodity price movements, though in practice portfolio weightings, construction, and calculation methodology vary significantly from one index to another. The most important of commodity indexes are: the Thomson Reuters/Core Commodity CRB Index, the S-P Goldman Sachs Commodity Index, the Bloomberg Commodity Index (former Dow-Jones AIG Commodity Index), and the Deutsche Bank Liquid Commodity Index. The present paper is aimed at assessing return and risk characteristics of these indexes and at providing a comparative analysis of their performance in relation to the most important equity indexes, such as S-P500, FTSE100, CAC40, DAX, WIG, BUX, IBovespa, Nikkei, Shanghai Composite (SSE), TSE300 (current S-P/TSX Composite Index), and AOI (All Ords). The empirical data covers daily quotations from January 5, 2009 to December 30, 2015. To verify whether the commodity indexes returns differ significantly from the returns of equity indexes, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test is applied. The test has been chosen as returns of commodity indexes are not normally distributed.

The Cost of Sharia Investing: Comparative Empirical Study in Indonesian Stock Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rifqi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Asset Allocation ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

This study attempts to investigate the financial performance of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in comparison with more widely known Jakarta Composite Index (JCI). Using historical data from January 2004 to May 2015, we comprehensively measure returns and risk properties of the indices using mean returns, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Jensen Alpha, and Value-at-Risk, and evaluate their results. We also perform portfolio simulation to assess the diversification capability of JII from strategic asset allocation perspective. Our findings indicate that despite JII outperforms JCI during pre-crisis in terms of raw and risk-adjusted returns, it underperforms JCI in all other sub-periods. Meanwhile, in terms of risk characteristics, we find that JII is a clear inferior to JCI. Thus, in overall we argue that there is a substantial cost associated with Sharia investing in Indonesian Stock Market. Nevertheless, simulation results indicate that JII could serve as a valuable portfolio diversification tool, in which it succeeds in lowering the risk of the whole portfolio.   

Modeling the optimal diversification opportunities: the case of crypto portfolios and equity portfolios

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Aliu ◽  
Artor Nuhiu ◽  
Besnik A. Krasniqi ◽  
Gent Jusufi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Equity Portfolios ◽  
Diversification Techniques ◽  
Stock Indexes ◽  
European Equity ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to compare the diversification risk of the crypto portfolio with those of equity portfolios. For this purpose, the hypothetical index was constructed with 20 cryptocurrencies that hold the highest market capitalization in the Coin Market Cap database, named as the Crypto-Index 20. Design/methodology/approach The portfolio diversification techniques were used to identify risk linked with the six largest European equity indexes and compared with the Crypto-Index 20. Indexes were considered as an independent portfolio while analysis was completed separately for each of them. Data concerning stock prices and their trade volume were collected from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database while crypto prices and their trade volume from the Coin Market Cap database. The diversification risk of the stock indexes was measured separately for each portfolio with the same risk techniques and the same methodological process. Findings Research results indicate that Crypto-Index 20 on average was 76 times riskier than FTSE 100, 55 times riskier than FTSE MIB, 44 times riskier than IBEX 35, 10 times riskier than CAC 40 and 9 times riskier than DAX and MDAX. Crypto-Index 20 comprises a stronger positive correlation and is exposed to higher volatility than six selected European equity indexes. Originality/value This research provides practical implications for the investors on the diversification benefits and risks attached to the cryptocurrencies portfolio by comparing it with the traditional equity portfolios. From a policy perspective, regulators might obtain information on the risk properties involved into cryptocurrencies and the possibility of creating an optimal portfolio.

Integration of Islamic bank specific risks and their impact on the portfolios of Islamic Banks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Alamdar Ali Shah ◽  
Raditya Sukmana ◽  
Bayu Arie Fianto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Impact Risk ◽  
Conventional Banks

Purpose This study aims to propose a risk management framework for Islamic banks to address specific risks that are unique to Islamic bank settings. Design/methodology/approach A unique methodology has been developed first by exploring the dynamics and behaviors of various risks unique to Islamic banks. Second, it integrates them through a series of diagrams that show how they behave, integrate and impact risk, returns and portfolios. Findings This study proposes a unique risk-return relationship framework encompassing specific risks faced by Islamic banks under the ambit of portfolio theory showing how Islamic banks establish a steeper risk-return path under Shariah compliance. By doing so, this study identifies a unique “Islamic risk-return” nexus in Islamic settings as an explanation for the concern of contemporary researchers that Islamic banks are more risky than conventional banks. Originality/value The originality of this study is that it extends the scope of risk management in Islamic banks from individual contract-based to an integrated whole, identifying a unique transmission path of how risks affect portfolio diversification in Islamic banks.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Islamic Stock Index: Evidence of Market Behavior and Volatility Persistence

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Adil Saleem ◽  
Judit Bárczi ◽  
Judit Sági
Keyword(s):  
Stock Index ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Market Reactions ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Stock Indices ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Stock Market Reactions ◽  
Stock Indexes

The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic is not limited to human lives and health sectors. It has also changed social and economic aspects of the world. This study investigated the Islamic stock market’s reaction and changes in volatility before and during this pandemic. The market model of event study methodology was employed to analyze Islamic stock market reactions in nine different markets around the globe. To examine changes in volatility and persistence of risk, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) method was used. Nine Islamic stock indices were selected for this study from the Thomson Reuters data stream. The results suggest that, in the short run, the Islamic Australian stock index and Islamic GCC stock index remained stable for the first 15 days following news of the pandemic. The Islamic stock indexes of Qatar, UAE, ASEAN, MENA, MENASA, and Bahrain were significantly affected by the outbreak in the short-term. On the other hand, the volatility of Islamic stock indices was substantially amplified after the global health crisis was declared by the WHO. Moreover, volatility shocks tended to persist for a longer period after COVID-19.

The impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on international commodity prices

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofen Tan ◽  
Yongjiao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Macroeconomic Uncertainty ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Uncertainty

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on a large sample of 19 commodity markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors rely on Jurado et al.’s (2015) measure of macroeconomic uncertainty based on a wide range of monthly macroeconomic and financial indicators and estimate a threshold VAR model to assess whether the impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on commodity prices differs under the high- or low-uncertainty state. Findings The findings show that positive macroeconomic uncertainty shocks affect commodity prices returns negatively on average and the impact of macroeconomic uncertainty is generally higher in high-uncertainty states compared with low-uncertainty states. Besides, although the safe-haven role of precious metals is confirmed, energy and industrial markets are more sensitive to short-run and long-run macroeconomic uncertainty, respectively. Research limitations/implications The findings in this study suggest that commodity prices reflect not only the level of economic fundamental but also the volatility of economic fundamental. Originality/value This study empirically analyzes and verifies the influence of macroeconomic uncertainty not only on oil prices but also on four groups of 19 raw materials. As for the methodological issues, the authors rely on a structural threshold vector autoregressive specification for modeling commodity price returns to account for potentially different effects depending on the macroeconomic uncertainty states.

scholarly journals Are ESG Shares a Safe Haven during COVID-19? Evidence from the Arab Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Musaab Mousa ◽  
Adil Saleem ◽  
Judit Sági
Keyword(s):  
Composite Index ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Market Index ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stock Market Performance ◽  
Market Shocks ◽  
Stock Indexes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The world experienced significant changes in its social and economic lives in 2020–21. Major stock markets experienced an immediate decline. This paper attempts to examine the impact of COVID-19 on stock market performance as well as to identify the differences between the responses of ESG stocks and normal stocks to pandemic conditions in the Arab region. Daily time series for three years between March 2019 and March 2021 were collected for the S&P Pan Arab Composite index and S&P/Hawkamah ESG Pan Arab Index. We used a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model to measure market shocks and a non-linear autoregressive distributed lagged (NARDL) regression model to display the relationship between COVID-19 measurements and the performance of stock indexes. The findings suggest that the volatilities of ESG portfolios and conventional ones were equally affected in the pre-COVID period. However, in the post-COVID period, the magnitude of volatility in the ESG stock index was significantly less compared to that of the conventional stock index. The results also revealed that in the ESG market, shock tended to remain for a shorter period. Furthermore, the ESG index was not affected by the number of confirmed cases and deaths. However, evidence of asymmetric long-run cointegration existed between the S&P index and number of cases and deaths. Increases in the numbers of cases and deaths caused a decline in market index, whereas the reverse trends were observed in the retreat of the pandemic.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Relationship Between Equity and Composite Index in Bursa Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Fauziah Mahat ◽  
Aminah Shari ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Dahir
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Equity Returns ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Industrial Plantation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between sectoral equity and composite index in Bursa Malaysia. The relationship between equity returns and composite index is investigated using correlation-based on Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and signal decomposition techniques based on wavelet analysis. The paper uses daily data from 1999 to 2019. The OLS result indicated that majority of sectoral equity have a higher correlation with the composite index except in tin and mining sector. The wavelet analysis indicates a majority of sectors are strongly co-move. For all indices, there are lead/lag relationships between the indices except for industrial, plantation, tin mining and trade, and services. The findings have important implications for helping individual and institutional investors to understand the co-movement of equity sectors and then formulate policy measures that encourage better portfolio diversification.

scholarly journals Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na główne indeksy giełdowe na świecie

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Event Models ◽  
Stock Indexes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Stock

COVID-19 impact on the main global stock indexes The aim of the study is to examine the impact of information on lockdown connected with COVID-19 on stock indexes. The hypothesis was: it is a strong impact of the lockdown announcement on stock indexes at the time of its announcement or cancelation. Panel event models were used to verify the hypothesis. The study used data from the Thomson Reuters Database for the period from 2.01.2019–10.05.2020. The analysis was based on the papers and reports on COVID-19 and the literature on behavioral finance.

scholarly journals Evaluating The International Diversification Benefits Of Chinas New Indexes

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seddik Meziani
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
International Diversification ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Global Index ◽  
Evaluation Measures ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
And Performance

This article examines the characteristics and performance of selected Chinas financial indexes. Although several indexes were recently made available, this study focuses on three in particular because they are compiled using distinct methodologies. Based on the differences in their composition, they were categorized as either global or investable indexes, herein indexes composed of shares that are readily available for trading in the market. From a portfolio diversification perspective, this study found that U.S. investors seeking exposure to China stand to gain the most from funds tracking the Standard & Poors/CITIC 50 Index (a global index) than from those tracking the FTSE/Xinhua China 25 Indexor the Halter USX China Index (investable indexes). Its risk-return characteristics, along with other performance evaluation measures used, show that it is most efficient in providing international diversification benefits.

scholarly journals Do Cryptocurrencies Offer Diversification Benefits for Equity Portfolios?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Florin Aliu ◽  
Artor Nuhiu ◽  
Adriana Knapkova ◽  
Ermal Lubishtani ◽  
Khang Tran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Portfolio Risk ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Portfolio Managers ◽  
Equity Portfolios ◽  
Stock Indexes ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms

Abstract Cryptocurrencies are becoming an exciting topic for legislative bodies, practitioners, media, and scholars with diverse academic backgrounds. The work identifies diversification benefits when cryptocurrencies are combined with the equity instruments from Visegrad Stock Exchanges. Furthermore, the results of the study explore financial and economic benefits for the investors of combining cryptocurrencies with equity stocks on the mixed portfolio. Three different independent experiments were conducted to observe diversification benefits generated from cryptocurrencies. Results from the two experiments show that cryptocurrencies employ higher portfolio risk and generate higher returns when they are involved with equity stocks portfolios. The first experiment indicates that cryptocurrencies reduce the risk level of the equity portfolios while increase average returns. Providing the equity portfolios with additional equity stocks lower the portfolio risk which is in line with the theoretical paradigms. Results indicate that cryptocurrencies must be seriously considered by the portfolio managers as an essential aspect of the portfolio diversification benefits. Future studies might raise the samples of selected portfolios with stocks from different stock indexes, to identify the problem from a broader perspective.

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