Financial Distress Prediction of Airlines Companies

The purpose of this study is to compare three financial failure models: the Altman Z-Score Model, the Springate Model, and the Zmijewski Model, in terms of predicting financial difficulty among airlines in Asia and the Middle East. Based on the results of this study, it is proven by the result of the analysis done for Airlines in Asia and the Middle East that all the three models have predicted that these companies are in financial distress. But, the Altman Z-Score model is the most significant model to forecast financial distress. Although the models employ different ratios in their analyses, this study demonstrates that there is a substantial difference in the analysis of these three models. Another independent T-test demonstrates that the Altman Z-Score Model and the Zmijewski Model, as well as the Springate Model and the Zmijewski Model, have substantial differences. The study employed a descriptive and comparative analysis method, and this model was created to compare the independent variables. The Altman Z-Score model is the most significant model for predicting the financial failure of enterprises, according to the descriptive analysis in this study. While the comparison findings show a large difference between the Altman Z-Score Model and the Zmijewski Model, there is also a significant difference between the Springate Model and the Zmijewski Model. The Altman Z-Score Model and the Springate Model, on the other hand, imply that there is no significant model.

The Impact of Transportation and Walkability on Residential Property Value

In order to determine the impact of transportation and walkability as one of the important smart growth principles in creating economic value, this study examines the impact of transportation and walkability on Residential Property Value in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia neighborhoods. Based on secondary data collected on Brickz.com, a hedonic regression model was constructed to estimate median Residential Property Value in Shah Alam, Selangor for the Residential Property Value assessment. The model's findings demonstrate that transportation and walkability factors have less impact on estimated Residential Property Value than other residential structure characteristics such as number of floors, number of bedrooms, and land area. Only three variables from the Structure Characteristic were statistically significant in this study: Structure Characteristic no of the floor, Structure Characteristic No of the Bedroom and Structure Characteristic Land Area. Consequently, all transportation and walkability are insignificant towards residential house prices. This shows that there are still ways to increase house prices through attractive house structure planning. With this, the formation of an attractive house structure in development planning is an important aspect in increasing the demand for house prices while rising house prices efficiently. The adoption of the appropriate use of public transport uses the principle of good growth to achieve added value and improve the overall quality of life in the neighborhood.

Investigating the Market Interest Rate on Commercial Banks Financial Performance in Bangladesh

The banking sector is the most vital partner of development for countries' economies. It has a remarkable contribution to the country's Gross Domestic Product. This study investigates the relationship between the market interest rate and commercial banks' financial performance. As Bangladesh's banking industry is growing, it is vital to maintain a more robust profitability level for its financial stability and soundness. Banks have some determinants that have a significant impact on their performance. The convenience sampling method is used to select the targeted sample. The study includes the time series data of eight years of fifteen commercial banks listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh. Multiple variable linear regression and correlation analysis are performed to examine the relationship of market interest rate with banks' profitability with statistical software, IBM SPSS version 25, and Microsoft excel. The study explored that the market interest rate has a significant positive impact on banks' profitability. It is also found that the lending rate and interest rate spread are significantly correlated with the banks' financial performance. The study recommended that banks make their investment to make a higher profit margin to enhance their management and financial soundness efficiency.

An Examination of Tax E-Filing Acceptance in Sarawak Applying UTAUT

The usage of tax e-filing in Malaysia has continuously shown a positive and increasing trend from year to year after a decade of its introduction. However, the acceptance rate for salaried taxpayers in Sarawak is only about 50%, making the study of this situation necessary. The aims of this study are twofold: (1) to examine the level of tax e-filing acceptance in Sarawak, and (2) to investigate the relationships between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, and the intention to accept tax e-filing system in Sarawak, Malaysia. This study uses the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the underpinning theory. A total of 630 questionnaires was distributed to salaried taxpayers in Sarawak. The descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS version 26 were utilised to achieve the objectives. It was found that taxpayers in Sarawak have a high level of intention to use tax e-filing. The findings also show that performance expectancy and facilitating conditions have a significant positive relationship, social influence has a significant negative relationship. In contrast, effort expectancy was found to be insignificant. Since the IRBM is currently taking steps to enhance services delivery using the e-filing system, the results may assist them to plan a more effective strategy to provide a better tax e-filing system to Sarawak salaried taxpayers, specifically other states that have a similar background to Sarawak.

Relationship between Orthodox Finance and Dividend Policy: A Literature Review

This paper concentrates on the relationship between orthodox (corporate) finance and dividend policy. More specifically, the paper examines the relationship between different dividend policy theories and dividend policy. This paper also investigates the association between different corporate finance elements and dividend policy. The primary purpose of this paper is to put some light on the dividend literature, which means how dividend literature developed over the year. However still, the dividend policy is a puzzle for researchers. From the previous literature survey, we can see that after so much constrictive research, researchers still did not reach any conclusion. This paper provides details about previous literature reviews in the area of dividend policy.

Taxpayers Knowledge and Compliance: Evidence from Direct Assessment Tax in Lagos State

The research work examines the nexus between Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance among Taxpayers: Evidence from Direct Assessment in Lagos State. This study adopts the survey research design to elicit responses from selected taxpayers in the Ikeja Lagos State of Nigeria to explore what they perceived as the relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance regarding tax payment and tax filing of returns. Primary data was collected through a designed questionnaire and was administered using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test. Cronbach Alpha was also used in establishing the sampling adequacy and reliability of the research instrument. The survey results were collected from 200 respondents in three categories in Lagos State with 190 valid responses, including self-employed, taxpayers in public and private establishments in Ikeja from October to November 2020. The study adopted a judgmental sampling technique. The data extracted from the questionnaires were analyzed using a simple table as descriptive and Pearson Correlation at 1% Level of Significance as inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the general tax knowledge was significantly related to tax compliance in payment terms (r = .993, p =0.000) and tax compliance in terms of filing of returns (r = .986, p =0.000). thus, the study concluded that there is a positive relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance.

Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance: A Study of the Bangladeshi DSE Listed Private Commercial Banks

The fundamental purpose of the study is to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance (FP) of Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) in Bangladesh. The study uses a simple random sampling technique. Ten (10) PCBs are selected as samples for the study from the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) listed companies. Statistical analysis tools such as regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation are applied to collected data to examine CSR's impact on selected banks' financial performance. In the study, net profit after tax (NPAT), earnings per share (EPS), net asset value per share (NAVPS), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and market value per share (MVPS) are considered as dependent variables and the independent variable, corporate social responsibility (CSR). The findings reveal that the EPS, NAVPS and MVPS of the selected banks are significantly influenced by CSR 56.4, 62.0, and 59.8 percent, respectively. In contrast, CSR has an insignificant relationship with NPAT, ROA, and ROE. The study also indicates a high degree positive and statistically significant correlation between CSR and financial performance (EPS, NAVPS, and MVPS). CSR influences financial performance essentially, so considering social benefits, the banks should perform CSR activities emphasizing educational, environmental, and health issues.

Financial Performance Measurement of a Commercial Bank: A Case of Bank of China Hongkong

This study focuses on measuring the financial performance of Bank of China's profitability, solvency, and liquidity using secondary data for the period from 2008 to 2017. Various techniques such as horizontal, vertical, and ratio analysis are employed to measure financial performance. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, and co-efficiency of variation measure financial data to emphasize the comparative and relative importance of presentation. The study reveals that BOC's horizontal and vertical analysis indicates a variable growth rate of percentage and amount of HK$ due to external and internal operating environmental factors. Ratio analysis reveals that the BOC was conducted in a rational and normal way except 2008, 2012, 2013, and 2015 due to the Lehman brothers' mini-bond issue, Global financial crisis, Backdrop of shrinking international trade, extreme movements in commodity prices (oil prices) and frequent swings in financial markets. Based on the findings, BOC formulates the policies to overcome the factors that would help the investors identify the banking sector's nature and assist in making their investment.

Preface to the Volume 4 Issue 4 of Indian Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance

I am pleased to welcome you to Volume 4 Issue 4 of the Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance (IPJAF). In this Issue 4, all the presentations are international research emphasising corporate social responsibility, accounting, financial reporting, and taxation. In the first paper captioned “Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance: A Study of the Bangladeshi DSE Listed Private Commercial Banks”, Fatima Saki of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh, examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance (FP) of Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) in Bangladesh. Ten (10) PCBs are selected as samples for the study from the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) listed companies. Statistical analysis tools such as regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation are applied to collected data to examine CSR's impact on selected banks' financial performance. In the study, net profit after tax (NPAT), earnings per share (EPS), net asset value per share (NAVPS), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and market value per share (MVPS) are considered as dependent variables and the independent variable, corporate social responsibility (CSR). The findings reveal that the EPS, NAVPS and MVPS of the selected banks are significantly influenced by CSR 56.4, 62.0, and 59.8 per cent, respectively. In contrast, CSR has an insignificant relationship with NPAT, ROA, and ROE. The study also indicates a high degree positive and statistically significant correlation between CSR and financial performance (EPS, NAVPS, and MVPS). CSR influences financial performance essentially, so considering social benefits, the banks should perform CSR activities emphasizing educational, environmental, and health issues. In the second paper entitled “Financial Performance Measurement of a Commercial Bank: A Case of Bank of China Hongkong”, Dr Jeyaraj Sonai Singaram of Sino-British College (Partnership Program with Staffordshire University, UK), Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Province, P. R. China and Dr Sumathi, M. of NMSS Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai District, Tamilnadu State, India focus on measuring the financial performance of Bank of China's profitability, solvency, and liquidity using secondary data for the period from 2008 to 2017. Various techniques such as horizontal, vertical, and ratio analysis are employed to measure financial performance. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, and co-efficiency of variation measure financial data to emphasize the comparative and relative importance of presentation. The study reveals that BOC's horizontal and vertical analysis indicates a variable growth rate of percentage and amount of Hongkong Dollar (HK$) due to external and internal operating environmental factors. Ratio analysis reveals that the BOC was conducted in a rational and normal way except 2008, 2012, 2013, and 2015 due to the Lehman brothers' mini-bond issue, Global financial crisis, Backdrop of shrinking international trade, extreme movements in commodity prices (oil prices) and frequent swings in financial markets. Based on the findings, BOC formulates the policies to overcome the factors that would help the investors identify the banking sector's nature and assist in making their investment. In the third paper titled “Taxpayers’ Knowledge and Compliance: Evidence from Direct Assessment Tax in Lagos State”, Ishola Joseph O., Bello Abass O., and Raheed Lateef O. of Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu Nigeria examine the relationship between Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance among Taxpayers: Evidence from Direct Assessment in Lagos State. The study adopts the survey research design to elicit responses from selected taxpayers in the Ikeja Lagos State of Nigeria to explore what they perceived as the relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance regarding tax payment and tax filing of returns. Primary data was collected through a designed questionnaire and was administered using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test. Cronbach Alpha was also used in establishing the sampling adequacy and reliability of the research instrument. The survey results were collected from 200 respondents in three categories in Lagos State with 190 valid responses, including self-employed, taxpayers in public and private establishments in Ikeja from October to November 2020. The study adopted a judgmental sampling technique. The data extracted from the questionnaires were analyzed using a simple table as descriptive and Pearson Correlation at 1% Level of Significance as inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the general tax knowledge was significantly related to tax compliance in payment terms (r = .993, p =0.000) and tax compliance in terms of filing of returns (r = .986, p =0.000). thus, the study concluded that there is a positive relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance. The IPJAF presence anchors on the service and perseverance of its editorial board, the editorial team, and authors. I want to express your participation profoundly in submitting high-quality papers for review and publication in IPJAF. Despite the success so far recorded, I implore all our friends and associates to continue to partner with IPJAF through submitting quality research and policy papers within our scope for publication. I assure our prospective authors, regardless of the acceptance of your manuscripts or not, to continue to enjoy the benefits of IPJAF by providing a review process, which offers high quality and helpful reviews tailored to assist authors in improving their manuscripts. Finally, I confess your support as you and I work hard to make IPJAF the most authoritative journal on accounting and finance for the community of academic, professional, industry, society and government. Thank you most sincerely for your continued interest, support, and patronage to IPJAF, while looking forward to more beneficial relationships in 2021.

Sustaining Positive Impact of Covid-19 Movement Control Order (MCO) on Environment through New Norm - Case of Malaysia

The Covid-19 pandemic came and brought a big wave of shock to the entire world with several millions of recorded death. Also, its effect on business, economies and human lives is devastating. Hence, many things have changed, including our daily norms. That involves daily activity, education, and economic activities. Even though this pandemic brings fears to the community, there is still a silver lining of this situation. Everywhere around the world were reported to have positive impacts on the environment due to Covid-19 and actions taken in containing it. Literature and reports show that total emissions have decreased due to less usage of fuel, electricity, travelling and the temporary closure of factories. Less air and water pollution are reported everywhere. Despite all these, it was argued that this is going to be a temporary blessing. Things will go back to square when normal activities are restored, and lockdowns are lifted. The question is, could this positive impact be sustained? What can we do to sustain or at least minimise the environmental damage in the future? This paper presents some data on how action to contain Covid-19 such as MCO and lockdown positively impact the environment worldwide especially Malaysia; as well as suggestions on how we could sustain, if not all, some part of these positive impacts through new norms.