scholarly journals Forensic Investigation of Bullet Holes for Determining Distance from Glass Fracture Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Butt A ◽  
◽  
Ali A ◽  
Ahmad A ◽  
Shehzad M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Glass Fracture ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Standard Parameter ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Bullet Hole

The study of glass fracture patterns has been of long interest to the forensic community. Fragments of glass can be significant evidence found in the investigation of various types of offenses especially where armed violence is involved on automobiles. Figuring out, whether glass fragments present on crime scene share the same origin as per glass that has been hit by a projectile or any substrate, is quite a success to an examiner because that further leads to the investigation of how and by which means it has done. Holes occurred in the glass at the crime scenes have much importance and many attempts are taken to investigate the properties of these glass holes to find the type, speed, and angle of the projectile which probably produce the hole. For highvelocity projectiles including bullets, these bullet holes in glass can exhibit certain features and fractures. The objective of this research was to determine the distance of shooter from the bullet hole on glass used in automobiles. Bullet holes were prepared and different parameters of glass fractures like bullet hole diameter, cone fractures radius, cone fractures diameter, radial, and concentric fracture count were considered from both front and the backside of the glass. These parameters were observed and analyzed to determine the dependency of these parameters on the variable “distance”. The consistency found in the measurements to conclude our results were checked by goodness of fit test. The study bears great significance as it could lay down a foundation to set a standard parameter to estimate distance of bullet hole from shooter in firing incidents involving glass fracture. This will provide a blueprint to crime scene investigators in order to reconstruct the crime scene for understanding and to take investigation to logical conclusion.

Validation of the CASUS score in Tunisian patients: a quality management tool in intensive care units

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Besbes ◽  
S Mleyhi ◽  
J Sahli ◽  
M Messai ◽  
J Ziadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
A Value

Abstract Background Early prediction of patients at highest risk of a poor outcome after cardiovascular surgery, including death can aid medical decision making, and adapt health care management in order to improve prognosis. In this context, we conducted this study to validate the CASUS severity score after cardiac surgery in the Tunisian population. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted among patients who underwent cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation during the year 2018 at the Cardiovascular Surgery Department of La Rabta University Hospital in Tunisia. Data were collected from the patients hospitalization records. The discrimination of the score was assessed using the ROC curve and the calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test and then by constructing the calibration curve. Overall correct classification was also obtained. Results In our study, the observed mortality rate was 10.52% among the 95 included patients. The discriminating power of the CASUS score was estimated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), this scoring system had a good discrimination with AUC greater than 0.9 from postoperative Day 0 to Day 5.From postoperative day 0 to day 5, the Hosmer-Lemeshow's test gave a value of chi square test statistic ranging from 1.474 to 8.42 and a value of level of significance ranging from 0.39 to 0.99 indicating a good calibration. The overall correct classification rate from postoperative day 0 to day 5 ranged from 84.4% to 92.4%. Conclusions Despite the differences in the profile of the risk factors between the Tunisian population and the population constituting the database used to develop the CASUS score, we can say that this risk model presents acceptable performances in our population, attested by adequate discrimination and calibration. Prospective and especially multicentre studies on larger samples are needed before definitively conclude on the performance of this model in our country. Key messages The casus score seems to be valid to predict mortality among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Multicenter study on larger sample is needed to derive and validate models able to predict in-hospitals mortality.

Goodness-of-fit test with a robustness feature

Test ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Mahmoud Torabi
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test

scholarly journals Joint Modeling of Precipitation and Temperature Using Copula Theory for Current and Future Prediction under Climate Change Scenarios in Arid Lands (Case Study, Kerman Province, Iran)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mesbahzadeh ◽  
M. M. Miglietta ◽  
M. Mirakbari ◽  
F. Soleimani Sardoo ◽  
M. Abdolhoseini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Copula Function ◽  
Gaussian Copula ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Copula Theory ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Precipitation and temperature are very important climatic parameters as their changes may affect life conditions. Therefore, predicting temporal trends of precipitation and temperature is very useful for societal and urban planning. In this research, in order to study the future trends in precipitation and temperature, we have applied scenarios of the fifth assessment report of IPCC. The results suggest that both parameters will be increasing in the studied area (Iran) in future. Since there is interdependence between these two climatic parameters, the independent analysis of the two fields will generate errors in the interpretation of model simulations. Therefore, in this study, copula theory was used for joint modeling of precipitation and temperature under climate change scenarios. By the joint distribution, we can find the structure of interdependence of precipitation and temperature in current and future under climate change conditions, which can assist in the risk assessment of extreme hydrological and meteorological events. Based on the results of goodness of fit test, the Frank copula function was selected for modeling of recorded and constructed data under RCP2.6 scenario and the Gaussian copula function was used for joint modeling of the constructed data under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.

scholarly journals Phase separation during blood spreading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssine Benabdelhalim ◽  
David Brutin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pool Area

AbstractBlood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C , $$29~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 29 ∘ C , and $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C with a relative humidity varying from 20 to 90%. The range $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C to $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50%. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.

scholarly journals Risk factors for peripheral venous catheter failure: A prospective cohort study of 5345 patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110150
Author(s):  
Ya-mei Chen ◽  
Xiao-wen Fan ◽  
Ming-hong Liu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yi-qun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Peripheral Venous Catheter ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the independent risk factors associated with peripheral venous catheter (PVC) failure and develop a model that can predict PVC failure. Methods: This prospective, multicenter cohort study was carried out in nine tertiary hospitals in Suzhou, China between December 2017 and February 2018. Adult patients undergoing first-time insertion of a PVC were observed from catheter insertion to removal. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors predicting PVC failure. Results: This study included 5345 patients. The PVC failure rate was 54.05% ( n = 2889/5345), and the most common causes of PVC failure were phlebitis (16.3%) and infiltration/extravasation (13.8%). On multivariate analysis, age (45–59 years: OR, 1.295; 95% CI, 1.074–1.561; 60–74 years: OR, 1.375; 95% CI, 1.143–1.654; ⩾75 years: OR, 1.676; 95% CI, 1.355–2.073); department (surgery OR, 1.229; 95% CI, 1.062–1.423; emergency internal/surgical ward OR, 1.451; 95% CI, 1.082–1.945); history of venous puncture in the last week (OR, 1.298, 95% CI 1.130–1.491); insertion site, number of puncture attempts, irritant fluid infusion, daily infusion time, daily infusion volume, and type of sealing liquid were independent predictors of PVC failure. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that a logistic regression model constructed using these variables had moderate accuracy for the prediction of PVC failure (area under the curve, 0.781). The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test demonstrated that the model was correctly specified (χ2 = 2.514, p = 0.961). Conclusion: This study should raise awareness among healthcare providers of the risk factors for PVC failure. We recommend that healthcare providers use vascular access device selection tools to select a clinically appropriate device and for the timely detection of complications, and have a list of drugs classified as irritants or vesicants so they can monitor patients receiving fluid infusions containing these drugs more frequently.

Using the dependent wild bootstrap for the nonparametric goodness-of-fit test for density functions

Statistics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-774
Author(s):  
Taeyoon Kim ◽  
Cheolyong Park ◽  
Jeongcheol Ha ◽  
Zhi-Ming Luo ◽  
Sun Young Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Wild Bootstrap ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test
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