scholarly journals Phase separation during blood spreading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssine Benabdelhalim ◽  
David Brutin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pool Area

AbstractBlood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C , $$29~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 29 ∘ C , and $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C with a relative humidity varying from 20 to 90%. The range $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C to $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50%. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.

scholarly journals Phase Separation During Blood Spreading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssine BENABDELHALIM ◽  
David BRUTIN
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pool Area

Abstract Blood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of 21 °C, 29 °C, and 37 °C with a relative humidity varying from 20 % to 90 %. The range 21 °C to 37 °C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50 %. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.

Hygrothermal Microclimate of Reconstructed Residential Building

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Mária Budiaková
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Almost All

The paper is oriented on the hygrothermal microclimate of residential interiors in reconstructed building. The questionnaire survey has showed significant increase in number of allergies, respiratory diseases and occurrence of fungi after reconstruction. In order to find causes, experimental measurements of hygrothermal microclimate were carried out. The long term high values of relative humidity were found out and the link with number of efficient natural ventilation was searched for. Ventilation once a day was usual, what was proved as insufficient. Dwellers were informed about right way and number of ventilation. Furthermore, measurements proved decrease of air humidity, but not sufficiently. It was proved that nobody was able to achieve recommended number of ventilation and almost all of them considered it annoying and unreal to sustain. The biggest problem was proved night 7 hour interval. Therefore allergic and respiratory problems were significant in the morning. In conclusions of paper is suggestion for solution of researched problem.

scholarly journals Liquid–liquid phase separation in particles containing organics mixed with ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium nitrate or sodium chloride

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 11723-11734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. You ◽  
L. Renbaum-Wolff ◽  
A. K. Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Abstract. As the relative humidity varies from high to low values in the atmosphere, particles containing organic species and inorganic salts may undergo liquid–liquid phase separation. The majority of the laboratory work on this subject has used ammonium sulfate as the inorganic salt. In the following we studied liquid–liquid phase separation in particles containing organics mixed with the following salts: ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride. In each experiment one organic was mixed with one inorganic salt and the liquid–liquid phase separation relative humidity (SRH) was determined. Since we studied 23 different organics mixed with four different salts, a total of 92 different particle types were investigated. Out of the 92 types, 49 underwent liquid–liquid phase separation. For all the inorganic salts, liquid–liquid phase separation was never observed when the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio (O : C) &amp;geq; 0.8 and was always observed for O : C < 0.5. For 0.5 &amp;leq; O : C < 0.8, the results depended on the salt type. Out of the 23 organic species investigated, the SRH of 20 organics followed the trend: (NH4)2SO4 &amp;geq; NH4HSO4 &amp;geq; NaCl &amp;geq; NH4NO3. This trend is consistent with previous salting out studies and the Hofmeister series. Based on the range of O : C values found in the atmosphere and the current results, liquid–liquid phase separation is likely a frequent occurrence in both marine and non-marine environments.

scholarly journals Surface morphology of electrospun PLA fibers: mechanisms of pore formation

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (83) ◽  
pp. 44082-44088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Natarajan ◽  
Jackie New ◽  
Aravind Dasari ◽  
Suzhu Yu ◽  
Munirah Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
Surface Pores

Interaction of relative humidity with solvent(s) is relatively more important in obtaining surface pores than solvent volatility and phase separation.

scholarly journals Efficient DNA Sampling in Burglary Investigations

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Colin Charles Tièche ◽  
Markus Dubach ◽  
Martin Zieger
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Dna Collection ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Reference Samples

In terms of crime scene investigations by means of forensic DNA-analyses, burglaries are the number one mass crime in Switzerland. Around one third of the DNA trace profiles registered in the Swiss DNA database are related to burglaries. However, during the collection of potential DNA traces within someone’s residence after a burglary, it is not known whether the sampled DNA originated from the perpetrator or from an inhabitant of said home. Because of the high incidence of burglaries, crime scene investigators usually do not collect reference samples from all the residents for economical and administrative reasons. Therefore, the presumably high probability that a DNA profile belonging to a person authorized to be at the crime scene ends up being sent to a DNA database for comparison, has to be taken into account. To our knowledge, no investigation has been made to evaluate the percentage of these non-perpetrator profiles straying into DNA databases. To shed light on this question, we collected reference samples from residents who had been victims of recent burglaries in their private homes. By comparing the profiles established from these reference samples with the profiles generated from trace DNA, we can show that the majority of the DNA samples collected in burglary investigations belong to the residents. Despite the limited number of cases included in the study, presumably due to a crime decline caused by the pandemic, we further show that trace DNA collection in the vicinity of the break and entry area, in particular window and door glasses, is most promising for sampling perpetrator instead of inhabitant DNA.

scholarly journals Human Thermal Comfort Situation in the Goller (Lakes) District of Turkey

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Yuksel Guclu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relative Humidity Data ◽  
Recreation Activities

Abstract In this study, the determination of the human thermal comfort situation in the Goller District (in the Mediterranean Region) of Turkey has been aimed. In the direction of the aim, the air temperature and relative humidity data of total 11 meteorology stations have been examined according to The Thermo-hygrometric Index (THI) and the New Summer Simmer Index (SSI). According to this, it has been determined that the thermal comfort conditions are not appropriate in the period of October-May on average monthly. The months of June and September are the most appropriate to almost all kinds of tourism and recreation activities in the outdoor in terms of thermal comfort. When THI and SSI indices’ values are evaluated together, the periods between 5th – 25th June and 29th August-16th September are the most appropriate periods in the study area on average in terms of the thermal comfort for the tourism and recreation activities in the outdoor. Keywords: Thermal comfort, human health, The Thermo-Hygrometric Index, The Summer Simmer Index, Goller District, Turkey.

A Round-Up of Modern Opinion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Inner Self ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

This chapter presents a selection mainly of twentieth-century scholarly opinion, both Sunni and Shi’a, on wasaṭiyyah and its role and manifestation in the textual data and historical development of Islamic scholarship, as well as the management of community affairs. Wasaṭiyyah relates closely to justice, but it is multifaceted and tends to influence almost all aspects of the individual conduct, as well as relations in society and with the outside world. The chapter discusses how wasaṭiyyah begins in the inner self of the individual and from there spreads out to influence relations with others and one’s surrounding environment, concluding with the point that rejecting extremism and embracing moderation are the keys toward treating others with dignity, accepting our differences, and coexisting with each other in peace and harmony.

PTSD Symptoms Experienced and Coping Tactics Used by Crime Scene Investigators in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1444-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Rosansky ◽  
Jeffery Cook ◽  
Harold Rosenberg ◽  
Jon E. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Coping Tactics

scholarly journals FTIR Hyperspectral Images of Microscopic Droplets of Splattered Blood

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Huffman ◽  
Kara B. Lukasiewicz ◽  
Chris W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Exact Time ◽  
Important Clue ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Forensic Investigations

During forensic Investigations, determining the time frame of a crime can be an extremely important clue for solving the case. The exact time at which a crime was committed can be especially difficult to determine when considerable time has elapsed. To improve the predictive capabilities of crime scene investigators, we have focused on using spectroscopic methods to Investigate the aging of bloodstains.

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