Predicting biomass of resident kōkopu (Galaxias) populations using local habitat composition

With the global decline of freshwater fishes, quantifying the body size-specific habitat use of vulnerable species is crucial for accurately evaluating population health, identifying the effects of anthropogenic stressors, and directing effective habitat restoration. Populations of New Zealand’s endemic kōkopu species ( Galaxias fasciatus , G. argenteus , and G. postvectis ) have declined substantially over the last century in response to anthropogenic stressors, including habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive species, and over-exploitation. Despite well-understood habitat associations, key within-habitat features driving the reach-scale biomass of small and large kōkopu remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether the total biomass of small (≤ 90 mm) and large (> 90 mm) kōkopu was associated with total pool area, average pool depth, total bank cover, average substrate size, and average forest canopy cover across fifty-seven 50 m reaches. These features were selected because generally pool habitats are productive feeding areas, bank cover and substrate interstices are important refuges, and forest cover provides greater food availability. Because kōkopu are nocturnal, populations were sampled with removal at night using headlamps and hand-nets until reaches were visually depleted. Using Akaike’s information criterion, it was found that increases in large kōkopu biomass were most parsimoniously explained by greater pool area and bank cover, whereas increases in small kōkopu biomass were best explained by low bank cover and greater average forest cover. This study demonstrated the importance of considering the ontogenetic shift in species’ habitat use and provided an effective modelling approach for quantifying the size-specific habitat use of these stream-dwelling fish.

Retention Pool As Alternative For Flood Control Case Study Of Bapertarum Housing, Sumenep Regency

Indonesia is a water country with thousands of rivers and hundreds of deep seas. This causes Indonesia to become a country that is very prone to flooding. But basically, there are several factors that cause this to happen, namely: natural events, drainage damage and environmental degradation caused by human activity itself. Geographically, Bapetarum Housing is an area located in a rainwater catchment area so that it is prone to flood events. High rainfall intensity can cause flood inundation as high as 30 cm. The purpose of this study is to calculate the adequacy of the retention pond to cope with flooding. The procedure for collecting research data begins with analyzing the flood, namely primary and secondary data. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are planning rain analysis, rainfall intensity, flood discharge analysis, retention pond capacity. The retention pond capacity is sufficient because the dimensions of the retention pond are larger than the volume of the retention pond capacity when the flood is 6750m3>6447m3. The retention pond is planned in the downstream area of the residential river with a pool area of 50 x 40 meters and a depth of 4.5 m. The bottom condition of the pond is saturated because it is always inundated with water, the infiltration rate is constant (fc). The constant infiltration for clayey soil type is 0.5 m/day, the infiltration volume rate that occurs at the bottom of the pond is 179 m3/hour, the volume is below the threshold 8283.21 m3, infiltration time is 46 hours.

Feedback Control of Melt Pool Area in Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufacturing Process

Selective laser melting (SLM), a metal powder fusion additive manufacturing process, has the potential to manufacture complex components for aerospace and biomedical implants. Large-scale adaptation of these technologies is hampered due to the presence of defects such as porosity and part distortion. Nonuniform melt pool size is a major cause of these defects. The melt pool size changes due to heat from the previous powder bed tracks. In this work, the effect of heat sourced from neighbouring tracks was modelled and feedback control was designed. The objective of control is to regulate the melt pool cross-sectional area rejecting the effect of heat from neighbouring tracks within a layer of the powder bed. The SLM process’s thermal model was developed using the energy balance of lumped melt pool volume. The disturbing heat from neighbouring tracks was modelled as the initial temperature of the melt pool. Combining the thermal model with disturbance model resulted in a nonlinear model describing melt pool evolution. The PID, a classical feedback control approach, was used to minimize the effect of intertrack disturbance on the melt pool area. The controller was tuned for the desired melt pool area in a known environment. Simulation results revealed that the proposed controller regulated the desired melt pool area during the scan of multiple tracks of a powder layer within 16 milliseconds and within a length of 0.04 mm reducing laser power by 10% approximately in five tracks. This reduced the chance of pore formation. Hence, it enhances the quality of components manufactured using the SLM process, reducing defects.

Phase separation during blood spreading

Blood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C , $$29~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 29 ∘ C , and $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C with a relative humidity varying from 20 to 90%. The range $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C to $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50%. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.

Phase Separation During Blood Spreading

Blood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of 21 °C, 29 °C, and 37 °C with a relative humidity varying from 20 % to 90 %. The range 21 °C to 37 °C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50 %. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.

The level of The Utilization of Main Facilities of Birea Fish Landing Base, Bantaeng Regency

This study aims to identify main facilities and determine the level of the main facilities utilization of Birea fish landing base, Pa'jukukang District, Bantaeng Regency. The research was conducted from May to July 2020. The method used in this research is a case study. Primary data was consisting of the length of the pier, the distance between ships, the length of time to moor, the length of the breakwater and the length of the trip, and the size and number of ships anchored, were collected through direct observation in the field. Meanwhile, secondary data such as catch production data, development of the number and types of fishing units, the size of the port pool area, and the depth of the waters were taken through the interviews method. The utilization rate of the main facilities utilization of Berea fish landing base are a pier utilization rate of 90.5%, a port pool of 72.5%, a land port 86%, and two meters of water depth are required. Based on the research results, it is found that the long pier is still possible to accommodate ships that are anchored, while the port pool and portland still meet the requirements, however, dredging is necessary for dredging the depth of the waters for shipping in and out of ships. Key words: birea fish landing base, the level of main facilities utilization, bantaeng regency.

STUDI LITERATUR KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA DI KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA)

This study aims to determine the characteristics of tilapia farmers in Sido Luhur Village, determine the level of income and sources of income of tilapia cultivator households, and determine the level of welfare of tilapia cultivator households. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, which is the characteristics of tilapia fishers, namely age, number of dependents, education level, business experience, pool area, and labor needed. To measure the level of welfare of tilapia cultivator households using measurements from the Central Agency for household welfare criteria based on BKKBN. The results of measurements of the level of well-being in the community of Sido Luhur Village, Padang Jaya Subdistrict, North Bengkulu Regency can be said to be prosperous, this is because tilapia farmers in general have met the criteria according to BKKBN indicators, because most of them have been able to fulfill their basic daily needs, as many as 33 respondents, which are in the third prosperous stratum, and according to research there are more tilapia farmers who are in the pre-prosperous category.Keywords: Hight of Welfare, Income

Mosquito Trap In The Laboratory Of FMIPA UNY'S Biological Garden To Reduce Mosquito Disorders

Mosquitoes are animals that are very often found in everyday life. Starting from the home environment, to the school environment. Mosquitoes are also animals that can carry various diseases. The FMIPA UNY Biology Garden Laboratory is overgrown with trees and there is a pool of water from several ponds that are deliberately made. That is what makes mosquitoes like the environment that is included in their habitat. At the UNY Biology Garden Laboratory, which is one of the student learning locations, mosquitoes are found flying and sometimes disrupting learning activities because they can stab and cause itching. The disturbance is feared to cause mosquito-borne diseases in students who are active in biology gardens. So that mosquito traps are made that are modified and adapted to the needs and location of the target. The tool made is a simple mosquito trap that utilizes a pool of water from a fish pond and a net from mesh or paranet cloth. The target place is the FMIPA UNY Biology Garden Laboratory, especially the pool area. While the target is the larvae or seeds of mosquitoes left by the mother. It is expected that the mosquitoes will perch on the paranet to lay eggs, then the eggs will fall down and will be eaten by fish. This is in addition to reducing the growth of mosquitoes, it can also be used for alternative food for fish, which can reduce spending to buy fish feed. Key words: mosquitos, trap

Pemodelan Kecepatan Arus dan Tinggi Gelombang Pada Rencana Breakwater Kolam Pelabuhan Meulaboh Dengan Menggunakan Program Delft3D

The Meulaboh port in West Aceh Regency is one of the ports in the west coast of Aceh Province. Initial operation of this port began in 2016 and currently serves crossing activities with the Meulaboh - Sinabang pass. The Meulaboh port is located in open water facing the Indian Ocean. In extreme conditions, ships often have to delay shipping due to high waves that cause shocks to the ship. Based on these problems, the study will provide an overview of the impact and hydrodynamic response of the Meulaboh port pool area and analyze the impact of wave heights on activities in the port pond based on several Breakwater construction layout scenarios. Alternative handling scenarios are carried out using the Delft3D program. The distribution of wave height at the direction of the wind from the Southwest with Hs = 4.908 m, and Ts = 7.254 seconds which shows the dominant wave from the Southwest restrained by Breakwater and the wave height in front of the port mouth ranges from between 0-1 meters so it is safe against activities cruise.