scholarly journals Determination of the necessary degree of national programs standardization by network and business planning methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
V. V. Eremin ◽  
S. B. Reshetnikov ◽  
D. V. Firsov
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
National Program ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Resource Intensity ◽  
Time Required ◽  
National Programs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the application of methods that make it possible to determine the need for deeper standardization of processes within the framework of the implementation of national programs, based on the influence of the degree of standardization on the time and resource intensity of the implementation of national programs. To determine the impact of the degree of standardization on the implementation time of national programs implementation, it is proposed to use network-planning methods, taking into account the influence of the time required for the development and implementation of additional standards on the implementation of the national program. The impact of standardization on the resource intensity indicators of the implementation of national programs is proposed to be taken into account through the analysis of the dynamics of the amount of finance required for the implementation of the program. For this purpose, it is proposed to use business planning methods, namely: calculation of the costs associated with the development and implementation of additional standards and calculation of the financial benefits from deepening standardization, based on the calculation of the amount of reduction in the cost of financial resources per unit of the result of the national program implementation. 

scholarly journals Predicting Field Efficiency of Round-Baling Operations in High-Yielding Biomass Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457
Author(s):  
Robert “Bobby” Grisso ◽  
John S. Cundiff ◽  
Erin G. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Biomass Crops ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Model simulations for bioenergy harvest planning need to utilize equipment-capacity relationships for equipment operating under the high-yield conditions typical of a biomass crop. These performance assumptions have a direct bearing on the estimates of machine capacity, the number of machines required, and, therefore, the cost to fulfill the biorefinery plant demands for a given harvest window. Typically, two major issues in these models have been poorly understood: the available time required to complete the harvest operation (often called probability of workdays) and the capacity of the harvest equipment as impacted by yield. Simulations use annual yield estimates, which incorporate weather events, to demonstrate year-to-year effects. Some simulations also incorporate potential yield increases from genetically modified energy crops. There are limited field performance data for most current forage equipment used for harvesting high-yield biomass crops. Analysis shows that the impact of wrap/eject time for round balers resulted in a 50% reduction in achieved throughput capacity (Mg/h). After the maximum throughput is reached, the cost of the round bale operation (3.23 USD/Mg) is double that of the large-square baler (1.63 USD/Mg). The round baler achieved throughput capacity is 50% less (32.7 Mg/h compared to 71.0 Mg/h) than the large-square baler.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Method of Work, Time and Cost of Concrete Spun Pile Work with Bored Pile On Construction of the Light Rail Transit (LRT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yopi Lutfiansyah ◽  
Muhammad Akhsan
Keyword(s):  
Pile Foundation ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Bored Pile ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Supporting Soil ◽  
Lower Structure ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
To Receive

Building construction consists of two parts, namely the upper building and lower building. The upper building transmits forces to the lower building, which then from the lower building is channeled to the supporting soil. Pile foundation is a part of the lower structure that is used to receive and distribute the load from the upper structure to the supporting soil which is located at a certain depth determined by the results of the soil investigation. Piles are used as building foundations if the soil under the building base does not have enough bearing capacity to carry the weight of the building working on it. The stake used in this comparison is the Concrete Spun Pile and Bored Pile foundation. The results of the study show that the Bored pile method is slightly more complicated than the Concrete spun pile method. In terms of time required for the Concrete spun work is 6 hours, while for Bored piles per point is 9 hours assuming the work is 3 months In terms of the cost of foundation work of 1000mm diameter and 30m depth using the Concrete spun pile method is Rp. 13,704,241,634.10 for 156 points. whereas for the Bored pile method with a diameter of 1200mm and a depth of 30m is Rp. 14,242,797,932.85 for 78 points. So the foundation work with the Concrete spun pile method is more effective and efficient than the Bored pile method based on the method of implementation, time and cost.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic impact: an identification of the cause of cost overrun in construction project

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Yervi Hesna ◽  
Jati Sunaryati ◽  
Ayu Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a thorough examination of the impact of COVID-19 on increasing the cost of the construction project. The pandemic of COVID-19 had disrupted the financial and operational of the construction industry. Many projects have been closed and suspended, and this situation has caused great uncertainty in the construction industry. Even though the Instruction of the Minister of Public Work No. 2/2020 issued March 27, 2020, stated that construction activities in Indonesia could continue work. However, it still believes COVID-19 can lead to poor project cost performance. The study used a literature review to explore the factors contributing to the increase in project cost. A case study in the hotel construction project is used to test the factors. The research found six factors have a frequency of occurrence for each cause of cost overrun, namely labor, material, implementation time, project financial aspects, estimated cost, and occupational health and safety. The case study’s two factors are not the cause of the cost overrun based on the interviewee’s answer: heavy equipment and overhead. This paper also explains the mechanism to address cost overrun continue in construction work.

A Cost and Yield Analysis of Wafer-to-wafer Bonding

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000401-000418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Palesko ◽  
Chet Palesko
Keyword(s):  
Wafer Bonding ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Die Bonding ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

When a product requires the bonding of two die or wafers, there are a number of methods that may be used. Not only does the type of bonding process itself have to be selected, but it must also be determined whether the items being bonded will be in wafer or die form. This paper will focus on wafer-to-wafer bonding, which has the highest throughput compared to die-to-wafer and die-to-die bonding; it also has the potential to be the lowest cost option if proper yields are achieved. This paper will introduce the background and general pros and cons of wafer-to-wafer, die-to-wafer, and die-to-die bonding. Activity based cost modeling will be used to construct a generic flow of a wafer-to-wafer bonding process. The process flow will be divided into a series of activities, and the total cost of each activity will be identified. The cost of each activity will be determined by analyzing the following attributes: time required, amount of labor required, cost of material required (consumable and permanent), tooling cost, depreciation cost of the equipment, and yield loss associated with the activity. The model will be used to explore multiple variables that affect the total cost of the wafer-to-wafer bonding process, including: incoming wafer cost, incoming wafer defect density, time required for the dicing process, time required for the bonding process, cost of the equipment for the bonding process, and the yield of the bonding process. First, a sensitivity analysis will be conducted to determine the impact each variable has on the total cost. Then scenarios will be created to conduct trade-offs between multiple variables. Only one, generic wafer-to-wafer bonding model will be created, but there will be enough variables to accurately reflect different bonding methods in use by the industry today. Methods for bonding two wafers together will also be discussed in the paper, as well as the cost and yield issues associated with each. An example of these methods are thermo compression bonding and direct bonding. The goal of this analysis will be to understand the cost and yield drivers associated with wafer-to-wafer bonding, and to determine scenarios in which wafer-to-wafer bonding is a suitable, cost effective technology selection.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of a resident research program in general surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Allen ◽  
Kelly Vogt ◽  
Tina Mele ◽  
Michael Ott ◽  
Ken Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Resident Attitudes ◽  
Resident Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Formal Program ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
The Impact

Background: Programs of resident research have been found to improve research productivity. However, evidence of the success of these programs is lacking in a Canadian context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of a formal program of resident research at a single Canadian academic centre.Methods: Resident research activities were tracked over a 10-year period (Resident Research Day (RRD) presentations, abstract presentations, published articles). Activities were divided into pre (2002-2007) and post (2007-2012) resident research program implementation time frames. Differences in research productivity were compared between time frames. Surveys of resident attitudes towards research were administered prior to the program’s implementation in 2007, and following introduction of the resident research program in 2009 and 2015.Results: Overall, research productivity (abstracts, publications, and RRD presentations) increased between pre and post resident research program time periods, with a statistically significant increase in mean number of published abstracts. Resident attitudes towards research changed somewhat over time, with fewer residents supporting mandatory research in recent years.Conclusion: Implementation of a resident program of research resulted in a significant increase in research productivity. The setting of clear, modifiable, and achievable goals, as well as providing tools for research success, have contributed to the success of this program.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Use of cold tolerant eucalyptus species as a partial replacement for southern mixed hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. HART ◽  
DALE E. NUTTER
Keyword(s):  
Potential Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operational Data

During the last several years, the increasing cost and decreasing availability of mixed southern hardwoods have resulted in financial and production difficulties for southern U.S. mills that use a significant percentage of hardwood kraft pulp. Traditionally, in the United States, hardwoods are not plantation grown because of the growth time required to produce a quality tree suitable for pulping. One potential method of mitigating the cost and supply issues associated with the use of native hardwoods is to grow eucalyptus in plantations for the sole purpose of producing hardwood pulp. However, most of the eucalyptus species used in pulping elsewhere in the world are not capable of surviving in the southern U.S. climate. This study examines the potential of seven different cold-tolerant eucalyptus species to be used as replacements for, or supplements to, mixed southern hardwoods. The laboratory pulping and bleaching aspects of these seven species are discussed, along with pertinent mill operational data. Selected mill trial data also are reviewed.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document