scholarly journals Phylogeography of asian sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from the data on variability of mitochondrial SNP loci: analysis of scenarios for post-glacial expansion of the species over Asian Pacific coast

2016 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Anastasia M. Khrustaleva
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Geographical Pattern ◽  
Commander Islands ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
Glacial Expansion ◽  
The Times

Variability of three SNP loci allocated in the mitochondrial DNA ( One_CO1, One_Cytb_17, One_Cytb_26 ) is analyzed for sockeye salmon from its different habitats from Chukotka to Kuril Islands. Two basic haplotypes (GCC and GTT) are revealed in 20 samples of sockeye ( n = 33-100) from 15 lake-river systems. Their ratio is mostly equal, but GTT haplotype prevails in the populations from Kuril Islands (except Shumshu Island) and is absent in the sample from Commander Islands. This geographical pattern is presumably caused by historical-demographic events related to the species range formation in the middle-late Pleistocene: fragmentation of the areal and subsequent secondary contact between early diverged populations. Two scenarios are discussed, both with multiple expansions of the species to Asia during periods of oceanic transgression after Pleistocene glaciation. According to one of the scenarios, the GTT haplotype has more ancient origin somewhere on the mainland, whereas the GCC appeared much later in the central Kamchatka refugia. The second scenario presumes the origin of both haplotypes on Beringia Bridge where they diverged in the times of middle-Pleistocene (Wurm) glaciation.

Comparative phylogeography of two co-distributed species of lizards of the genus Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Southern Chile

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela A. Vidal ◽  
Juan Carlos Ortiz ◽  
Juan Carlos Marín ◽  
Elie Poulin ◽  
Patricio I. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
The Times

Comparative phylogeography describes the patterns of evolutionary divergence and whether or not they are congruent, in co-distributed populations of different taxa. If the populations of these taxa have been co-distributed for a prolonged time, and if the times between processes of perturbation or vicariance have been more or less stable, it is expected that patterns of divergence will be congruent in closely related species, for example because of similar biological and demographic characteristics. Liolaemus pictus and L. cyanogaster are widely co-distributed lizard species in southern Chile, occurring in a region with a complex topology. We analyzed the phylogeographic structure of the two lizard species using Cytochrome b DNA sequences to estimate their genetic structure in response to historical events. Our results suggest an evolutionary pattern of genetic diversity for each species that is consistent with the geomorphological history of the region, suggesting a complex phylogeographic history in Liolaemus species. Also, the high levels of divergence among haplotypes in several populations suggest the possibility that their origin might predate the middle Pleistocene in both species. Finally, our results are consistent with our hypothesis that two species have responded to historical events in parallel, where historical process have been sufficient to influence their phylogeographical structure (0.80 congruency between topologies).

Establishment of Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) Salmon Runs at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Blackett
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Enhancement Technique ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Salmon Fisheries ◽  
History Of

Runs of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) were established at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska by adult spawner transplants, fry plants, and eyed-egg plants. Falls in the lake outlet formed a barrier to natural ascent of anadromous fish until construction of a fishpass in 1962. Accounts of successful introduction and development of viable and self-sustaining runs of salmon where none previously existed and the lake was inaccessible are scarce in the history of salmon fisheries on the Pacific Coast. The first sockeye returning to Frazer Lake in 1956 were produced from egg plants in 1951. Annual sockeye returns have progressively increased over a 28-yr period reaching record passage of 141 981 in 1978. Sockeye spawning has extended into new areas as returns increased. Spawning area capacity is projected to be sufficient for 365 000 sockeye while rearing area is estimated to be sufficient to support fry production from 400 000 sockeye. Sockeye returns per spawner have averaged 3.2 for six parent years (1966–71) in which returns are complete. A chinook run was created from plants of 160 000 fry over a 4-yr period beginning in 1966. Chinook have returned to spawn in specific sites of fry release above the falls and in the lower river. Key words: salmon introduction, enhancement technique, sockeye, chinook, Frazer Lake, salmon establishment

scholarly journals Review of the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary and Marine Isotope Stage 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Head
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Orbital Eccentricity ◽  
Middle Pleistocene Transition ◽  
Meridional Overturning ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Insolation Forcing

AbstractThe Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) defining the base of the Chibanian Stage and Middle Pleistocene Subseries at the Chiba section, Japan, was ratified on January 17, 2020. Although this completed a process initiated by the International Union for Quaternary Research in 1973, the term Middle Pleistocene had been in use since the 1860s. The Chiba GSSP occurs immediately below the top of Marine Isotope Substage (MIS) 19c and has an astronomical age of 774.1 ka. The Matuyama–Brunhes paleomagnetic reversal has a directional midpoint just 1.1 m above the GSSP and serves as the primary guide to the boundary. This reversal lies within the Early–Middle Pleistocene transition and has long been favoured to mark the base of the Middle Pleistocene. MIS 19 occurs within an interval of low-amplitude orbital eccentricity and was triggered by an obliquity cycle. It spans two insolation peaks resulting from precession minima and has a duration of ~ 28 to 33 kyr. MIS 19c begins ~ 791–787.5 ka, includes full interglacial conditions which lasted for ~ 8–12.5 kyr, and ends with glacial inception at ~ 774–777 ka. This inception has left an array of climatostratigraphic signals close to the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary. MIS 19b–a contains a series of three or four interstadials often with rectangular-shaped waveforms and marked by abrupt (< 200 year) transitions. Intervening stadials including the inception of glaciation are linked to the calving of ice sheets into the northern North Atlantic and consequent disruption of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), which by means of the thermal bipolar seesaw caused phase-lagged warming events in the Antarctic. The coherence of stadial–interstadial oscillations during MIS 19b–a across the Asian–Pacific and North Atlantic–Mediterranean realms suggests AMOC-originated shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and pacing by equatorial insolation forcing. Low-latitude monsoon dynamics appear to have amplified responses regionally although high-latitude teleconnections may also have played a role.

Middle Pleistocene warming phase based on the deposits of a buried oyster reef, Southern Lesser Kuril Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 455 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
N. G. Razjigaeva ◽  
L. A. Ganzey ◽  
T. A. Grebennikova ◽  
N. I. Belyanina ◽  
A. M. Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oyster Reef ◽  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Middle Pleistocene

scholarly journals Marine Benthic Algae of the Commander Islands (Pacific Coast of Russia) with Checklist Revised in 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga N. Selivanova ◽  
Galina G. Zhigadlova
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Commander Islands ◽  
Species List ◽  
World Data ◽  
Algal Taxonomy

A revised checklist of marine benthic algae of the Commander Islands (Russian Pacific) is presented. It is based on the authors’ field collections. The list of algae of the area totals to 187 species (36 Chlorophyta, 38 Ochrophyta, class Phaeophyceae, and 113 Rhodophyta) of these 44 species (9 Chlorophyta, 8 Ochrophyta, class Phaeophyceae, and 27 Rhodophyta) are added to the previous checklists (Selivanova and Zhigadlova, 1997). We also confirm the presence of 5 species on the Islands that were absent in our earlier material but were recorded by other authors (Phycodrys amchitkensis, Mastocarpus papillatus, Lithothamnion sonderi, Odonthalia dentata, and Pleonosporium vancouverianum). The species list of the newly recorded algae contains information on their ecology, fertility, and distribution. The algal taxonomy and nomenclature are updated with new world data.

scholarly journals New Records of Rare Psychrolutid Fishes (Psychrolutidae) in the Sea of Okhotsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-684
Author(s):  
P. A. Saveliev
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
New Records ◽  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northern Pacific ◽  
First Time

Abstract Two rare species of psychrolutid fish (Psychrolutidae) were found in the Sea of Okhotsk. Psychrolutes dolganovi was found at a depth of 142 m near Urup Island (southern Kuril Islands); earlier the species was known only from the holotype collected off the Pacific coast of Iturup Island. This species is recorded in the Sea of Okhotsk for the first time. P. pustulosus was collected at depths of 205–400 m along central part of Kuril Islands and in the northwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk at depths of 240–294 m. A key to the species of the genus Psychrolutes inhabiting the northern Pacific Ocean is presented.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Alpine Butterfly Parnassius glacialis (Papilionidae: Parnassiinae) in China: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Ruisong Tao ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Yunliang Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Chunxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Central China ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
South Central

The Apollo butterfly, Parnassius glacialis, is one of the most charming members of its genus and includes two subspecies locally distributed in montane areas of south-central China and Japan. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure and demographic history of P. glacialis by analyzing partial sequences of four mitochondrial genes and nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of samples from nearly the entire known distributional range in China. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data demonstrated that a total of 39 haplotypes were present, and the species was estimated to have diverged about 0.95 million years ago during the middle Pleistocene transition into two main clades that likely formed during the Kunlun-Huanghe tectonic movement. The two clades then dispersed independently in distinct geographic areas alongside the mountainous routes in central and southern China, most likely driven by the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. Nuclear SNP analysis was generally congruent with mtDNA results at the individual level. A minor incongruence of genetic structures that was detected between mtDNA and nuclear SNP data from the Laojunshan and Tiantangzhai populations was likely due to secondary contact and male-biased dispersal. Our work demonstrates that complicated dispersal-vicariance evolutionary processes likely led to the current geographic distribution of P. glacialis in China, particularly the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and related climatic oscillations during the Quaternary period.

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