Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange for COVID-19 Antiviral Drug Candidates

Several drug candidates have been proposed and tested as the latest clinical treatment for the coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir/lopinavir, and favipiravir are proved to be effective after treatment. The hyperpolarization technique presents an ability to further understand the roles of these drugs at the molecular scale and applications in nuclear magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging (NMR/MRI). This technique may provide new opportunities in diagnosis and biomedical research to cope with COVID-19. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE)-based hyperpolarization studies on large-sized drug candidates were carried out. We observed hyperpolarized proton signals from whole structures, due to the unprecedented long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. We also found that the optimum magnetic field for the maximum polarization transfer yield was dependent on the molecular structure. Therefore, future research on isotope labelling and polarization transfer on long T1 time nuclei including clinical perspectives can help us overcome this worldwide pandemic.

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Chloroquine and Lopinavir (COVID-19 Drug Candidates) Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange

10.26434/chemrxiv.12055395.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

HyeJin Jeong ◽

Sein Min ◽

Heelim Chae ◽

Sara Kim ◽

Gunwoo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Amplification ◽

Isotope Labeling ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Polarization Transfer ◽

Clinical Treatment ◽

Future Application ◽

Long Distance ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Future Work

To overcome the recent coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), several drug candidates are suggested and tested for the latest clinical treatment. Chloroquine and lopinavir are showing definite effects after treatment. To understand more about those roles in molecular level and future application on NMR/MRI, hyperpolarization technique can open new opportunities in the diagnosis and biomedical researches to cope with COVID-19. SABRE-based hyperpolarization studies on those two drug candidates are carried out and we observed hyperpolarized proton signals from the whole structures, which can be possible by unprecedented long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. Base on this result, future work on isotope labeling, and further polarization transfer on long T1 time nuclei including clinical perspectives will open a new door for overcoming this dreadful catastrophe.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Psoriatic Arthritis — Update on Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Report from the GRAPPA 2010 Annual Meeting

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.111235 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 408-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

MIKKEL ØSTERGAARD ◽

RENÉ PANDURO POGGENBORG

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Annual Meeting ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Primary Driver ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in clinical practice and research has gained increasing interest over the last decade. International collaborative initiatives from GRAPPA (Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis) and/or OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology) may contribute to facilitating research, identifying appropriate areas for use, and reaching consensus on the optimal examination technique. Accordingly, GRAPPA, a primary driver of international research in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), has focused on the current use and future development of MRI and other modern imaging modalities in PsA. This review, presented at the GRAPPA 2010 annual meeting, describes the current status of MRI in PsA, with a focus on its use in diagnosis, monitoring, and prediction of the disease course and treatment response. Important areas for future research are also outlined.

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Consumer Neuroscience and its Application in Marketing

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c4248.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1607-1611

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Skin Conductance ◽

Market Research ◽

Future Research ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Consumer Neuroscience ◽

Basic Ideas

There is a very important difference between “Consumer neuroscience” and “Neuromarketing”. While the first field deals in research on subjects like neuroscience, psychology and marketing; the latter is linked to the functionality of neurophysiological tools, namely eye tracking, skin conductance, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Neuromarketing is interested in carrying out market research which is specific to a particular company. This article covers topics like recent methods in neuroscience used by consumer researchers, basic ideas in consumer neuroscience derived on the basis of initial findings. The article also suggests ideas for future research in the field of consumer neuroscience.

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Clinical use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down's syndrome

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0790966700006984 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 60-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Andre Strydom ◽

Angela Hassiotis ◽

Zuzana Walker

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Down's Syndrome ◽

Down’S Syndrome ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Future Research ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Studies

AbstractObjectives: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been used to assist the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in adults with Down's syndrome (DS). However, the interpretation of the scans is difficult and clinical usefulness is uncertain. We aimed to summarise the current knowledge of MRI studies in adults with Down's syndrome with and without dementia and to discuss its implications for clinical practice.Method: We identified MRI studies in DS by a computerised literature search with Medline, Embase, and Psychlit from 1986 to 2001. We examined the references of identified articles and hand searched relevant journals. Structural MRI studies were selected as this type of imaging is most frequently used in clinical practice.Results: We included eight volumetric studies in adults with DS. Four of these included adults with DS and dementia. Overall, the size of brain structures such as cerebellum, hippocampus and cortex of adults with DS without dementia was significantly smaller than in normal controls. The basal ganglia were similar in size, and ventricles were enlarged. Furthermore, the size of brain structures in adults with DS and dementia was significantly different than in DS without dementia. In particular, ventricular and hippocampal volumes were affected.Conclusions: The change in brain structure associated with dementia can be detected on MRI of adults with DS. However, these may be difficult to interpret given the extent to which brain appearance in DS differs from that in the general population. Implications for clinical practice and future research directions are discussed.

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Lumbar Muscle Activity During Common Lifts: A Preliminary Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.29.2.147 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John M. Mayer ◽

James E. Graves ◽

Todd M. Manini ◽

James L. Nuzzo ◽

Lori L. Ploutz-Snyder

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Transverse Relaxation Time ◽

Erector Spinae ◽

Future Research ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Lumbar Muscle ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess lumbar multifidus, erector spinae, and quadratus lum-borum muscle activity during lifts as measured by changes in transverse relaxation time (T2) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirteen healthy adults performed dynamic squat, stoop, and asymmetric stoop lifts at a standard load, with each lift followed by MRI. Increase in T2 for the multifidus and erector spinae was greater for the stoop than squat. No difference in T2 increase was noted between the multifidus and erector spinae for the squat or stoop. Increase in T2 for the contralateral multifidus was less for the asymmetric stoop than stoop. Future research using MRI and other biomechanical techniques is needed to fully characterize lumbar muscle activity during lifts for various populations, settings, postures, and loads.

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Suppression of water and other noncoupled spins by homonuclear polarization transfer in magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine ◽

10.1002/mrm.1910030111 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Charles L. Dumoulin

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Polarization Transfer ◽

Resonance Imaging

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Intact Plant Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Study Dynamics in Long-Distance Sap Flow and Flow-Conducting Surface Area

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.106.089250 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 144 (2) ◽

pp. 1157-1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

T.W.J. Scheenen ◽

F.J. Vergeldt ◽

A.M. Heemskerk ◽

H. Van As

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Surface Area ◽

Sap Flow ◽

Intact Plant ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Conducting Surface ◽

Long Distance

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The Neural Mechanisms of Tinnitus: A Perspective From Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.621145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Jinghua Hu ◽

Jinluan Cui ◽

Jin-Jing Xu ◽

Xindao Yin ◽

Yuanqing Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Neural Mechanism ◽

Future Research ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Sound Perception

Tinnitus refers to sound perception in the absence of external sound stimulus. It has become a worldwide problem affecting all age groups especially the elderly. Tinnitus often accompanies hearing loss and some mood disorders like depression and anxiety. The comprehensive adverse effects of tinnitus on people determine the severity of tinnitus. Understanding the mechanisms of tinnitus and related discomfort may be beneficial to the prevention and treatment, and then getting patients out of tinnitus distress. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful technique for characterizing the intrinsic brain activity and making us better understand the tinnitus neural mechanism. In this article, we review fMRI studies published in recent years on the neuroimaging mechanisms of tinnitus. The results have revealed various neural network alterations in tinnitus patients, including the auditory system, limbic system, default mode network, attention system, and some other areas involved in memory, emotion, attention, and control. Moreover, changes in functional connectivity and neural activity in these networks are related to the perception, persistence, and severity of tinnitus. In summary, the neural mechanism of tinnitus is a complex regulatory mechanism involving multiple networks. Future research is needed to study these neural networks more accurately to refine the tinnitus models.

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