Predicting Low Toxicity and Scalable Solvent Systems for High Speed Roll-to-Roll Perovskite Manufacturing

This manuscript introduces solvent toxicity in solar perovskite ink chemistries as a major technoeconomic limitation for the growth of the technology. More specifically, the capital and operational cost of handling such toxic chemicals to maintain a safe working environment can lead to significant added costs. As all record power conversion efficiency devices to date have been solution processed, this represents a major challenge for the perovskite optoelectronic field and of printed electronics as a whole. Knowing this limitation, we propose that solvent selections for ink chemistries should be more quantitative and focus on lowering toxicity. To this end, we show that a Hansen solubility model is effective in predicting ink systems using lower toxicity solvents. We also show that inks formed from this method are applicable for high-speed slot-die coating, limiting the need for long anneal times. These methods and results demonstrate a useful framework for quantitatively engineering solvent systems with reduced toxicity while simultaneously maintaining and surpassing performance. It therefore provides a pathway and major step forward towards the commercialization of solution coated perovskite technologies.

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Predicting Low Toxicity and Scalable Solvent Systems for High Speed Roll-to-Roll Perovskite Manufacturing

10.26434/chemrxiv.13221851.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Swartwout ◽

Rahul Patidir ◽

Emma Belliveau ◽

Benjia Dou ◽

David Beynon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Printed Electronics ◽

Working Environment ◽

Major Step ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

Slot Die ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Solvent Systems ◽

Solubility Model ◽

Reduced Toxicity

This manuscript introduces solvent toxicity in solar perovskite ink chemistries as a major technoeconomic limitation for the growth of the technology. More specifically, the capital and operational cost of handling such toxic chemicals to maintain a safe working environment can lead to significant added costs. As all record power conversion efficiency devices to date have been solution processed, this represents a major challenge for the perovskite optoelectronic field and of printed electronics as a whole. Knowing this limitation, we propose that solvent selections for ink chemistries should be more quantitative and focus on lowering toxicity. To this end, we show that a Hansen solubility model is effective in predicting ink systems using lower toxicity solvents. We also show that inks formed from this method are applicable for high-speed slot-die coating, limiting the need for long anneal times. These methods and results demonstrate a useful framework for quantitatively engineering solvent systems with reduced toxicity while simultaneously maintaining and surpassing performance. It therefore provides a pathway and major step forward towards the commercialization of solution coated perovskite technologies.

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Predicting Low Toxicity and Scalable Solvent Systems for High Speed Roll‐to‐Roll Perovskite Manufacturing

Solar RRL ◽

10.1002/solr.202100567 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Swartwout ◽

Rahul Patidar ◽

Emma Belliveau ◽

Benjia Dou ◽

David Beynon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Solvent Systems

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An Investigation onto Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Printing Plate of Multiple Functional Solid Line by Flexographic

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.158 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 844 ◽

pp. 158-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.I. Maksud ◽

Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof ◽

M. Mahadi Abdul Jamil

Keyword(s):

Laser Ablation ◽

Line Width ◽

High Speed ◽

Printed Electronics ◽

Low Cost ◽

Flexible Substrates ◽

Large Area ◽

Printing Plate ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

Printing Processes

Recently low cost production is vital to produce printed electronics by roll to roll manufacturing printing process like a flexographic. Flexographic has a high speed technique which commonly used for printing onto large area flexible substrates. However, the minimum feature sizes achieved with roll to roll printing processes, such as flexographic is in the range of fifty microns. The main contribution of this limitation is photopolymer flexographic plate unable to be produced finer micron range due to film that made by Laser Ablation Mask (LAMs) technology not sufficiently robust and consequently at micron ranges line will not be formed on the printing plate. Hence, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used instead of photopolymer. Printing trial had been conducted and multiple solid lines successfully printed for below fifty microns line width with no interference between two adjacent lines of the printed images.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Roll-to-Roll Printed Air-Gap Touch Sensors

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11020245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sang Lee ◽

Sangyoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Printed Electronics ◽

Sacrificial Layer ◽

Flexible Substrate ◽

Air Gap ◽

Touch Sensor ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

Slot Die ◽

Gap Sensors ◽

Structural Layer

Although printed electronics technology has been recently employed in the production of various devices, its use for the fabrication of electronic devices with air-gap structures remains challenging. This paper presents a productive roll-to-roll printed electronics method for the fabrication of capacitive touch sensors with air-gap structures. Each layer of the sensor was fabricated by printing or coating. The bottom electrode, and the dielectric and sacrificial layers were roll-to-roll slot-die coated on a flexible substrate. The top electrode was formed by roll-to-roll gravure printing, while the structural layer was formed by spin-coating. In particular, the sacrificial layer was coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and removed in water to form an air-gap. The successful formation of the air-gap was verified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Electrical characteristics of the air-gap touch sensor samples were analyzed in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis, and repeatability. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can be suitable for the fabrication of air-gap sensors by using the roll-to-roll printed electronics technology.

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A Precise Position Measurement System of Roll-to-Roll Printing Using Burst Alignment Patterns

ASME-JSME 2018 Joint International Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems and Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment ◽

10.1115/isps-mipe2018-8510 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Taehyeong Kim ◽

Dongho Oh ◽

Youngjin Kim ◽

Jihyeon Kim ◽

Byeongcheol Lee

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

High Speed ◽

Printed Electronics ◽

High Volume ◽

Measurement Range ◽

Generation Process ◽

Position Measurement ◽

Process Technology ◽

Precise Position ◽

Roll To Roll

Printed electronics is a next-generation process technology that is suitable for high speed and high volume production and can make electronic devices and circuits on flexible materials. To commercialize printed electronics, it is necessary to improve the alignment precision of printing. In order to improve the alignment precision of the roll-to-roll process, accurate measurement of the web position is required. Therefore, in the previous research of this paper, we proposed a measurement system of the moving direction and the lateral movement using an encoder. However, in the previous study, the direction of error control had to be set according to the measurement position of the encoder, and the measurement range was so narrow. In this paper, we propose a measurement system that can detect the direction of error and increase the effective measurement range using the burst alignment pattern that generates the burst signal. Applying it to roll-to-roll printing position measurement systems, measurements can be performed with greatly improved efficiency and measurement range.

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Development of a full roll-to-roll manufacturing process of through-substrate vias with stretchable substrates enabling double-sided wearable electronics

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽

10.1007/s00170-020-06324-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 (11-12) ◽

pp. 3017-3027

Author(s):

E. Jansson ◽

A. Korhonen ◽

M. Hietala ◽

T. Kololuoma

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Screen Printing ◽

Printed Electronics ◽

Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽

High Volume ◽

Stretchable Electronics ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

Unit Costs ◽

Via Holes

AbstractIn the recent years, there has been a growing interest towards printed stretchable electronics used in diagnostics, health-monitoring, and wearable applications. Double-sided electronic circuits with through-substrate vias offer a solution where the amount of printed circuitry and assembled SMDs (surface-mount devices) in direct contact with the human skin can be minimized. This improves not only the wearability and cost-effectiveness of the printed electronic devices but also the product safety and comfort to wear. Another factor decreasing the unit costs in printed electronics is the use of high volume, high speed, and continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing processes. In this current paper, a full R2R process for the manufacturing of through-substrate vias on stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate was developed and verified. The through-substrate via-holes were manufactured in R2R using either laser-cutting or die-cutting. Rotary screen printing was used to print conductive tracks onto both sides of the stretchable substrate and to fill the via-holes. Eventually, conductive and stretchable through-substrate vias with low sheet resistance and low resistance deviation were reliably achieved with the developed process.

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Towards roll-to-roll printed batteries based on organic electrodes for printed electronics applications

Journal of Energy Storage ◽

10.1016/j.est.2021.102680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 102680

Author(s):

T. Syrový ◽

T. Kazda ◽

J. Akrman ◽

L. Syrová

Keyword(s):

Printed Electronics ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

Organic Electrodes

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Register control of roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment considering time difference between measurement and actuation

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406211433247 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 226 (11) ◽

pp. 2726-2738 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chung Hwan Kim ◽

Ha-Il You ◽

Seung-Hyun Lee

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Position Control ◽

Printed Electronics ◽

Control Method ◽

Axial Direction ◽

Time Difference ◽

Offset Printing ◽

Drying Time ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

The Web

The manufacture of printed electronics by roll-to-roll printing machine requires more accurate register performance than conventional media printing technology. Moreover, high drying temperature and long drying time to sinter the inks can induce the substantial changes in the length of the substrate and consequently register errors. Among the roll-to-roll printing methods, the gravure one, despite its relatively fast productivity and fine-line printing capacity, has difficulty in achieving the required register specifications for printed electronics because of the dependence of the register control on web dynamics. This study proposes a roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment, including the register measurement system designed to enhance register performance and the related register control method for the application of printed electronics. Each cylinder constituting the printing unit is driven independently by an individual servomotor. Moreover, the printing patterns of the plate cylinder can move in the axial direction by position control, as well as in the web transport direction by a phase shift of the plate cylinder, without affecting the dynamics of the web. The time difference between the measurement and the actual control action is considered and modeled. The register measurement system, including selections of sensors and marks is also proposed to consider the effect of the time difference. The simulation results and the experiments of the register control are shown to verify the effect of the time difference on the control performances. It is found that a proper estimation of time difference should be obtained in order to guarantee more accurate and stable control performances.

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