Direct Measurements of Vapor Pressures of Chlorinated Paraffin Congeners from Technical Mixtures

10.26434/chemrxiv.14350481.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jort Hammer ◽

Hidenori Matsukami ◽

Hidetoshi Kuramochi ◽

Satoshi Endo

Keyword(s):

Vapor Pressure ◽

Environmental Fate ◽

Saturated Vapor ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Carbon Chain Length ◽

Vapor Pressures ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Chlorinated Paraffins ◽

Saturation Method

Chlorinated Paraffins (CPs) are a complex group of manmade chemicals detected widely in the environment. To predict their environmental fate and effects, it is important to understand their physical-chemical properties including vapor pressure. In this study, the first direct measurements of the vapor pressure for CP congener groups (C10–16Cl4–11) are presented. Vapor pressure was measured above three industrial CP mixtures with different congener distributions between 20 and 50°C using a gas saturation method. The measured saturated vapor pressure (P*) decreased with increasing carbon chain length and Cl content. ΔHvap ranged between 73 and 122 kJ mol-1, consistent with data from the literature and model prediction. The experimental log P* at 25°C agreed well with predictions from an empirical regression model in the literature (R2 = 0.97; RSME = 0.25) and with those predicted from the COSMO-RS-trained fragment contribution model (R2 = 0.95; RSME = 0.35). A new empirical model was calibrated with the P* data for 35 congener groups measured in this study. Predicted log P* values correlate well with field-measured gas/particle partition coefficients and may therefore be used for estimating the environmental fate and pathways of a broad range of CPs in the environment.

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Influence of Nano-Refrigeration-Oil on Saturated Vapor Pressure of R22

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.309 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 694 ◽

pp. 309-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiang Feng Lou ◽

Rui Xiang Wang ◽

Min Zhang

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Saturated Vapor Pressure ◽

Saturated Vapor ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Vapor Pressures ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Mass Fractions

The saturated vapor pressures of R22 uniformly mixed with refrigeration oil and nano- refrigeration-oil were measured experimentally at a temperature range from 263 to 333K and mass fractions from 1 to 5%. The experimental results showed that the saturated vapor pressure of R22/KT56 mixture was lower than that of pure R22; the pressure deviation between them increased with a raising mass fraction of refrigeration oil and temperature. After adding nano-NiFe2O4 and nano-fullerene into KT56, the pressure deviation increased at the same mass fraction and temperature. A saturated vapor pressure correlation for R22 and refrigeration oil/nano-refrigeration-oil mixture was proposed, and the calculated values agreed with the experimental data within the deviation of ± 0.77%.

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Thermodynamics of porphyrin sublimation

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1002/1099-1409(200012)4:8<699::aid-jpp284>3.0.co;2-m ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 04 (08) ◽

pp. 699-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

GERMAN L. PERLOVICH ◽

OLEG A. GOLUBCHIKOV ◽

MARIJA E. KLUEVA

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Thermodynamic Functions ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Thermal Destruction ◽

Saturated Vapor ◽

Inert Gas ◽

Sublimation Enthalpy ◽

Vapor Pressures ◽

Dsc Method

The saturated vapor pressures of tetraphenylporphyrin H 2 TPP , its four-coordinated metallo-complexes MTPP ( M ≡ Ni , Cu , Zn , Pd , Ag , Cd ) and some phenyl-substituted derivatives H 2 T ( R ) PP ( R ≡ 2-, 3-, 4- CH 3; 2-, 4- F ; 2-, 3-, 4- Cl ; 3-, 4- Br ; 3,5- C ( CH 3)3) have been measured using the inert gas flow method. The values of sublimation enthalpy Δ sub H m and entropy Δ sub S m are calculated. On the basis of the kinetic vapor pressure dependence, the start temperatures of thermal destruction of the investigated porphyrins are determined. The temperatures of melting of the tetraphenylporphyrin metallo-complexes measured by the DSC method are in linear correlation with the Δ sub H m values. The correlation between the thermodynamic functions of porphyrin sublimation (Δ sub H m , Δ sub S m , Δ sub G m ) and the literature data on the crystal structure of the compounds is considered. The Δ sub H m values obtained by some authors by different methods are compared with the results of our investigations. Possible reasons for discrepancies in the results are discussed.

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Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Polyvinylchloride and Rubber Consumer Products and Toys Purchased on the Belgian Market

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1069

Author(s):

Thomas J. McGrath ◽

Giulia Poma ◽

Hidenori Matsukami ◽

Govindan Malarvannan ◽

Natsuko Kajiwara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chain Length ◽

Polyvinyl Chloride ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Carbon Chain Length ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Chlorinated Paraffins ◽

Median Level ◽

Previously Treated

This study investigates the presence of Stockholm Convention listed short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and their replacement medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) counterparts in polyvinyl chloride and rubber consumer products and toys purchased on the Belgian market in 2019. SCCPs were detected in 27/28 samples at concentrations ranging from <LOQ–130,000 µg/g with a median level of 2.5 µg/g, while MCCPs were detected in only five samples ranging <LOQ–3500 µg/g. Levels of SCCPs in all but one of the samples were below the European Union’s guideline limit of 0.15%, by weight, and concentrations of both SCCPs and MCCPs in the majority of products suggested unintentional incorporation to the polymeric materials. The homologue distribution of SCCPs was generally dissimilar to known commercial formulations and appeared to be indicative of contamination during manufacture or via recycling of previously treated goods. MCCP patterns, conversely, were broadly representative of those reported for industrial mixtures and may have been inadvertently incorporated via the application of mixed carbon-chain length CP formulations or recycled goods. This research suggests that overall SCCP presence has decreased in goods on the European market compared with previous reports and that both SCCPs and MCCPs may still enter EU marketplaces from unintentional sources.

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The adsorption characteristics and mechanism of montmorillonite with different layer charge density for alkyl ammonium with different carbon chain length

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1nj01683k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Qiu ◽

Kaibo Cui ◽

Peng Wu ◽

Guowei Chen ◽

Yueting Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charge Density ◽

Chain Length ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Layer Charge ◽

Carbon Chain Length ◽

Crystal Chemical ◽

Adsorption Characteristics ◽

Alkyl Ammonium

The crystal chemical properties of montmorillonite and the length and amount of straight alkyl ammonium chain affect the adsorption characteristics of alkyl ammonium on montmorillonite.

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Direct measurements and modeling of congener group specific vapor pressure for chlorinated paraffins

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130909 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 130909

Author(s):

Jort Hammer ◽

Hidenori Matsukami ◽

Hidetoshi Kuramochi ◽

Satoshi Endo

Keyword(s):

Vapor Pressure ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Chlorinated Paraffins

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A Review on the Nematicidal Activity of Volatile Allelochemicals against the Pinewood Nematode

Environmental Sciences Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecf2020-08003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jorge M. S. Faria ◽

Pedro Barbosa ◽

Dora Martins Teixeira ◽

Manuel Mota

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽

Aliphatic Alcohols ◽

Carbon Chain Length ◽

Pinewood Nematode ◽

Medium Carbon ◽

Highly Active ◽

Volatile Allelochemicals ◽

Resin Canals

The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, induces shoot yellowing and wilting by injuring pine vascular tissues and resin canals. In Asia, it has devastated wide forests of susceptible pine with drastic ecological, economic and cultural repercussions. In 1999, it reached Europe (Portugal) and despite the actions of the authorities, it rapidly advanced to the border areas of Spain, threatening other European pine forests. Chemical control has been used in Asia with remarkable success, yet most nematicides are dangerous to human health and the environment. Natural volatile allelochemicals (VA) and derivatives are sustainable alternatives, providing many advantages to commercial nematicides. The present work summarizes available bibliographic information on VAs with activity against the PWN and reviews the chemical properties leading to nematoxicity. Published works have reported over 250 VAs in direct contact assays. Compounds highly active against the PWN belong to monoterpenoid, phenylpropanoid and aliphatic alcohols; aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and sulphide groups. The presence of highly electronegative elements in these structures appears to increase activity. Trisulphides, coumarins, medium carbon chain length aliphatic alcohols and derivatives comprise the top five most active allelochemicals. An indication of their mechanisms of action can be obtained from studying the reported structure–activity relationships.

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Effects of Forming Temperature on Structure and Chemical Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cement

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.910.149 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 910 ◽

pp. 149-152

Author(s):

Ching Wen Lou ◽

Yung Yu Chang ◽

Ming Chun Sie ◽

Wen Cheng Chen ◽

Jia Horng Lin

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽

Saturated Vapor Pressure ◽

Saturated Vapor ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Hydration Reaction ◽

Test Results ◽

Forming Temperature ◽

And Chemical Properties

With similar components to human bone, hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been commonly used in dental and orthopedics practice. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can be made into porous HAp scaffolds through reaction; therefore, this study aims to examine how reaction temperatures influence CPC. CPC powder and NaCl are blended, and after diammonium phosphate (DAP) is added, they are infused into a mold for a hydration reaction under a saturated vapor pressure to form CPC scaffolds. XRD and FTIR are used to determine the influence of reaction temperatures on crystallization and functional groups. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) observes the structures of the CPC scaffolds. Test results show that when the temperature of a saturated vapor pressure is 70 °C, the CPC scaffolds have significant crystalline conversion and functional group peaks. SEM observation indicates that the temperature of a saturated vapor pressure does not affect the formation of the CPC scaffolds structure.

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