The adsorption characteristics and mechanism of montmorillonite with different layer charge density for alkyl ammonium with different carbon chain length

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Kaibo Cui ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Guowei Chen ◽  
Yueting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Layer Charge ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Crystal Chemical ◽  
Adsorption Characteristics ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium

The crystal chemical properties of montmorillonite and the length and amount of straight alkyl ammonium chain affect the adsorption characteristics of alkyl ammonium on montmorillonite.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Characterization of the Structure and Gel Property of Organo-Montmorillonite: Effect of Layer Charge Density of Montmorillonite and Carbon Chain Length of Alkyl Ammonium

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Dongliang Liu ◽  
Yueting Wang ◽  
Guowei Chen ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Layer Charge ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium

In this work, the effect of layer charge density of Na-montmorillonite (Na-MT) and carbon chain length of alkyl ammonium on the structure and gel property of organo-montmorillonite (organo-MT) was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, contact angle test, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and gel apparent viscosity determination experiment. The results of XRD show that Na-MT with lower layer charge density is easier to swell after intercalation of alkyl ammonium, and the basal spacing of organo-MT increases with the increase of carbon chain length. The results of FTIR show that the absorption bands at 2924 cm−1 and 2853 cm−1 shift towards low frequency region with the increase of carbon chain length, and the absorption bands at 515 cm−1 and 463 cm−1 move towards high frequency region when the layer charge density increases. The mass loss of organo-MT evidently increases with the increase of layer charge density of Na-MT or carbon chain length of alkyl ammonium. The contact angle test results are well in line with the TG data and reveal that alkyl ammonium with longer carbon chain can significantly improve the hydrophobicity of organo-MT. MD simulation indicates that, when the layer charge density is low, the distribution of alkyl ammonium gradually changes from parallel double layers to partially inclined distribution with the increase of carbon chain length, but when the layer charge density is high, the distribution of alkyl ammonium gradually changes from three layers into four layers. The test results of the apparent viscosity of the gel formed by organo-MT in xylene show that the apparent viscosity of organo-MT gel is negatively correlated with the layer charge density of Na-MT and positively correlated with the carbon chain length of alkyl ammonium.

Ionic liquid-biosurfactant blends as effective dispersants for oil spills: Effect of carbon chain length and degree of saturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 117119
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Masahiro Goto ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

Controlling the Secondary Assembly of Porous Anionic Uranyl-organic Polyhedra through Organic Cationic Templates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zeng ◽  
Kong-qiu Hu ◽  
Zhi-wei Huang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
Xianghe Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Organic Templates ◽  
Secondary Assembly

Herein, we report a new uranyl-organic polyhedron U4L4 (L=BTPCA) assembled from uranyl and a semirigid tritopic ligand. By adjusting the carbon chain length of the organic templates, two complexes can...

Effect of carbon chain length on biological activity of novel palladium (II) complexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Jun Gao ◽  
Hong Fu ◽  
Ming-Chang Zhu ◽  
Chi Ma ◽  
Shi-Kai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

scholarly journals Studies on Surfactants, Cosurfactants, and Oils for Prospective Use in Formulation of Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Nanoemulsions

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Shahla S. Smail ◽  
Mowafaq M. Ghareeb ◽  
Huner K. Omer ◽  
Ali A. Al-Kinani ◽  
Raid G. Alany
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Log P ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Tween 60

Nanoemulsions (NE) are isotropic, dispersions of oil, water, surfactant(s) and cosurfactant(s). A range of components (11 surfactants, nine cosurfactants, and five oils) were investigated as potential excipients for preparation of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) ocular nanoemulsion. Diol cosurfactants were investigated for the effect of their carbon chain length and dielectric constant (DEC), Log P, and HLB on saturation solubility of KT. Hen’s Egg Test—ChorioAllantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay was used to evaluate conjunctival irritation of selected excipients. Of the investigated surfactants, Tween 60 achieved the highest KT solubility (9.89 ± 0.17 mg/mL), followed by Cremophor RH 40 (9.00 ± 0.21 mg/mL); amongst cosurfactants of interest ethylene glycol yielded the highest KT solubility (36.84 ± 0.40 mg/mL), followed by propylene glycol (26.23 ± 0.82 mg/mL). The solubility of KT in cosurfactants was affected by four molecular descriptors: carbon chain length, DEC, log P and HLB. KT solubility was directly proportional to DEC and the HLB yet, inversely proportional to carbon chain length and log P. All surfactants, except Labrasol ALF, were non-irritant. The majority of cosurfactants were slightly irritant, butylene glycol was a moderate irritant, pentylene and hexylene glycols were strong irritants. These findings will inform experiments aimed at developing NE formulations for ocular administration of KT.

The Use of N-alkanes for Estimating Intake and Passage Rate in Horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
R W Mayes ◽  
F D DeB Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

Alkanes occur naturally in all plants, although forage crops tend to have higher alkane contents than cereals. N-alkanes have odd-numbered carbon chains. They are ideal for use as markers in feed trials, because, they are inert, indigestible and naturally occurring, and can be recovered in animal faeces. Synthetic alkanes (even-numbered carbon chains) are available commercially and can also used as external markers. Dove and Mayes (1991) cite evidence indicating that faecal recovery of alkanes in ruminants increases with increasing carbon-chain length. Thus the alkane “pairs” (e.g. C35 & C36, and C32 & C33) are used in calculating intake and digestibility because they are long chain and adjacent to each other. However, recent work by Cuddeford and Mayes (unpublished) has found that in horses the faecal recovery rates are similar regardless of chain lengths.

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